To narrow the search results, you can refine the query by specifying the fields to search on. The list of fields is presented above. For example:

You can search across multiple fields at the same time:

logical operators

The default operator is AND.
Operator AND means that the document must match all the elements in the group:

research development

Operator OR means that the document must match one of the values ​​in the group:

study OR development

Operator NOT excludes documents containing this element:

study NOT development

Search type

When writing a query, you can specify the way in which the phrase will be searched. Four methods are supported: search based on morphology, without morphology, search for a prefix, search for a phrase.
By default, the search is based on morphology.
To search without morphology, it is enough to put the "dollar" sign before the words in the phrase:

$ study $ development

To search for a prefix, you need to put an asterisk after the query:

study *

To search for a phrase, you need to enclose the query in double quotes:

" research and development "

Search by synonyms

To include synonyms of a word in the search results, put a hash mark " # " before a word or before an expression in brackets.
When applied to one word, up to three synonyms will be found for it.
When applied to a parenthesized expression, a synonym will be added to each word if one was found.
Not compatible with no-morphology, prefix, or phrase searches.

# study

grouping

Parentheses are used to group search phrases. This allows you to control the boolean logic of the request.
For example, you need to make a request: find documents whose author is Ivanov or Petrov, and the title contains the words research or development:

Approximate word search

For approximate search you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of a word in a phrase. For example:

bromine ~

The search will find words such as "bromine", "rum", "prom", etc.
You can optionally specify the maximum number of possible edits: 0, 1, or 2. For example:

bromine ~1

The default is 2 edits.

Proximity criterion

To search by proximity, you need to put a tilde " ~ " at the end of a phrase. For example, to find documents with the words research and development within 2 words, use the following query:

" research development "~2

Expression relevance

To change the relevance of individual expressions in the search, use the sign " ^ " at the end of an expression, and then indicate the level of relevance of this expression in relation to the others.
The higher the level, the more relevant the given expression.
For example, in this expression, the word "research" is four times more relevant than the word "development":

study ^4 development

By default, the level is 1. Valid values ​​are a positive real number.

Search within an interval

To specify the interval in which the value of some field should be, you should specify the boundary values ​​in brackets, separated by the operator TO.
A lexicographic sort will be performed.

Such a query will return results with the author starting from Ivanov and ending with Petrov, but Ivanov and Petrov will not be included in the result.
To include a value in an interval, use square brackets. Use curly braces to escape a value.

The manual presents the algorithms for performing typical USE tasks in history. For each task, all necessary materials: theoretical information, analysis common mistakes when executed, comments and detailed explanations to the correct answers. The book will help develop the skills to perform tasks of various types, systematize knowledge and prepare well for the exam. The manual is addressed to students in grades 10-11 to prepare for the exam in history and teachers to organize the educational process.

Introduction.

The proposed manual is an excellent assistant to the student in preparation for the unified state exam in history. Thanks to this book, a high school student updates his knowledge on the subject, practices to perform different types examination tasks and allocate time to complete the work, check how much he knows scientific information, analyze errors and identify which topics need to be paid special attention.

Introduction.
1. Sequence of historical events.
2. Systematization historical information: correspondence.
3. Terms: multiple choice.
4. Definition of the term.
5. Establishing a correspondence between historical facts and events.
6. Working with a textual historical source: establishing correspondence.
7. Systematization of historical information: multiple choice.
8. Basic facts, processes, phenomena of 1941-1945.
9. Historical figures of the VIII - early XXI century.
10. Working with a historical source: a short answer.
11. Systematization of historical information: table.
12. Analysis of a textual historical source.
13-15. Working with a historical map.
16. Working with a historical map.
17. Systematization of historical information: compliance.
18. Analysis of illustrative material.
19. Analysis of illustrative material.
20. Characteristics of the historical source.
21. Search for historical information in the source.
22. Analysis of the historical source.
23. Analysis of historical processes and phenomena.
24. Analysis of different points of view and argumentation of one's position.
25. Historical essay.
Answers.
Events and dates.


Free download e-book in a convenient format, watch and read:
Download the USE book, history, algorithms for performing typical tasks, Kosheleva A.A., Kuzhel S.I., 2018 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.

  • USE, history, algorithms for performing standard tasks, Kosheleva A.A., 2018
  • History, Difficult tasks of the Unified State Examination, Work with cards, Artasov I.A., Melnikova O.N., Voytsik Yu.G., 2019
  • History, Cartographic training, A guide for preparing for the exam, Markin S.A., 2018
  • Unified State Examination, History, Culture of Russia, Educational examination bank, Study book, Artasov I.A., Melnikova O.N., Klinchev P.N., 2018

The following tutorials and books:

  • USE 2019, History, Grade 11, Guidelines, Artasov I.A.
  • Specification of control measuring materials for the unified state exam in history in 2020

St. Petersburg: 2013. - 272 p.

This edition is ideal for preparing for the exam in history. The advantage of this manual over other books of this kind is the attached CD “Preparation for the Unified State Examination. History", which allows you to organize independent work more effective. The program on the CD automatically checks the training and examination tasks, and also calculates the final scores. The material in the book and on the CD is presented in an easy and accessible way, which greatly simplifies its study. In addition, the material fully complies with the regulatory requirements for the exam.

Format: pdf

Size: 2.3 MB

Watch, download:yandex.disk

Table of contents
Introduction 7
History as a science 7
Peculiarities Russian history 8
periodization national history 10
Section I. Ancient and Medieval Rus' (until the end of the 17th century) 17
Chapter 1. The most ancient peoples and states on the territory of Russia 17
1.1. The most ancient inhabitants of the territory of Russia 17
1.2. Origin and early history Slavs 18
Chapter 2. Kievan Rus in the IX - early XII in 20
2.1. Political history Kievan Rus 21
2.2. Features of the development of ancient Russian society 26
Chapter 3
3.1. Stages of political development 30
3.2. Features of the development of Russia in the XII-XV centuries 39
Chapter 4. Russian centralized state in the XVI-XVII centuries 41
4.1. Events of political history 41
4.2. Features of the development of Russia in the XVI-XVII centuries 58
Section II. Russian empire in modern times (XVIII - the end of the XIX century) 66
Chapter 5. Russian Empire in the 18th century in 66
5.1. Russia of the era of Peter the Great (late 17th - first quarter of the 18th century) 66
5.2. The era of palace coups (1725-1762) 79
5.3. Empire under Catherine II (1762-1796) 87
5.4. The reign of Paul I (1796-1800) 99
5.5. Features of the development of Russia in the XVIII in 103
Chapter 6. Pre-reform Russia (first half of the 19th century) 106
6.1. Reign of Alexander I (1801-1825) 106
6.2. Reign of Nicholas I (1825-1855) 116
Chapter 7. Post-reform Russia (second half of the 19th century) 123
7.1. Reign of Alexander II (1855-1881) 123
7.2. Reign of Alexander III (1881-1894) 133
Section III. recent history Russia (beginning of XX - beginning of XXI century) 137
Chapter 8. The Russian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century Revolution Eve 137
8.1. Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries 137
8.2. The first half of the reign of Nicholas II (1894-1905) 139
8.3. The first Russian revolution of 1905-1907 143
8.4. Third June Monarchy (1907-1914). Activities of P. A. Stolypin 148
8.5. Russia in World War I 151
Chapter 9. The Revolution of 1917 and the Civil War in Russia 156
9.1. February to October 156
9.2. Folding the prerequisites for civil war 163
9.3. Civil War and Foreign Intervention (1918-1921) 166
Chapter 10
10.1. Soviet Russia during civil war (1917-1921) 170
10.2. Soviet Russia during the NEP 172
Chapter 11. USSR in the second half of the 1920s - the end of the 1930s
11.1. Results and contradictions of NEP 176
11.2. "Revolution from above" 177
11.3. Domestic policy 181
11.4. Foreign policy 183
Chapter 12 Soviet Union during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) 185
12.1. Eve and Causes of War 185
12.2. Main events of the Great Patriotic War 186
12.3. Home front during the war 190
12.4. The situation in the occupied territories 191
12.5. USSR and allies 194
12.6. Results of the war 195
Chapter 13. Post-war development of the USSR (1945-1953) 196
13.1. Beginning of the Cold War 196
13.2. Socio-economic development 197
13.3. Domestic policy 198
Chapter 14. "Thaw" (second half of the 1950s - first half of the 1960s) 199
14.1. Domestic policy 199
14.2. Socio-economic development 200
14.3. Foreign policy 201
14.4. Deposition of N. S. Khrushchev 203
Chapter 15
15.1. Socio-economic development 203
15.2. Domestic policy 205
15.3. Foreign policy 206
Chapter 16. Perestroika and the collapse of the USSR (1985-1991)
16.1. On the eve of change 208
16.2. Perestroika politics (1986-1991) 209
16.3. Political crisis of 1991 212
Chapter 17 Russian Federation at the end of XX - beginning of XXI century. 213
17.1. Russia in the 1990s 213
17.2. Russia in the 2000s 218
17.3. Place of Russia in the world at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries 219
Section IV. History of Russian culture 220
Chapter 18. History of Medieval Russian Culture (IX-XVIIBB.) 220
18.1. Old Russian culture (IX - early XIII century) 220
18.2. Russian culture of the XIV-XVI centuries 223
18.3. Russian culture XVII in 227
Chapter 19
19.1. Russian culture XVIII in 232
19.2. Golden age of Russian culture 237
19.3. silver Age Russian culture 247
Chapter 20
20.1. Soviet culture 1917 - mid-1930s 255
20.2. Culture of the USSR in the mid-1930s - mid-1950s 261
20.3. The third period of the development of Soviet culture (mid-1950s - early 1990s) 264
20.4. Post-Soviet stage of development of national culture 269
20.5. The development of culture in Russian emigration in the XX century. 270
Application. CD operation 271
Program installation 271
Using the program 271


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