Pumps for pumping oil, oil products, liquefied gases. Oil and gas chemical pumps. Overview of pumping equipment for the oil industry Design features and types

The peculiarity of the production of pumps for the oil industry is the variety of production products. Each of them has its own physical characteristics. In this regard, the pumping equipment used for pumping and transporting oil products must be adapted to solving a specific task. The design also takes into account the physical and chemical properties of fluids.

Oil pumps can be used for pumping oil, oil and gas emulsions, oil products, liquefied gases, sediments, non-corrosive liquid media and other substances with similar characteristics. If specialized pumps are used for a specific task, it can be ensured that the declared service life will correspond to the real one, and the process conditions will be at the optimal level.

Basic requirements for oil pumps

The specific operating conditions that are typical for oil industry enterprises stimulated the development of manufacturers of special pumping equipment for this sector. Today there are generally accepted requirements for devices and systems of this type, which simplifies the selection process for the end user. Based on the operating conditions specified by the manufacturer and the list of work performed, you can quickly select the model that is optimal in terms of power, performance and safety.

The peculiarity of pumps for pumping oil is that there is always a risk of ignition of the working fluid. That is why manufacturers pay special attention to the fire safety of their devices, as well as chemical resistance to various aggressive chemical environments. To ensure this, a strictly prescribed material is used for each part. Another, especially relevant requirement is the absence of harmful effects on the environment and ecological safety.

Unlike similar units, oil rigs can operate stably under specific conditions. For example, during oil refining, the working units of pumping equipment can be affected by various pressures, temperatures, and the hydrocarbons themselves. At the same time, the pumped substance is characterized by high viscosity (for oil, the indicator reaches 2000 cSt), which increases the level of loads that the device regularly experiences.

Oil pumping units are used on all continents and operate in different weather conditions. To ensure their stable operation in the North Sea region, in the UAE and the deserts of the United States, manufacturers offer various climatic versions of their devices.

Power is an important parameter of the pump, because during pumping and transportation it is necessary to lift the liquid medium from a considerable depth, typical of wells. By the way, their operational characteristics are largely determined by the type of energy required for the operation of the oil equipment complex. This indicates the need to take into account the conditions of use when choosing the type of drive for pumping units.

Oil pumps can be equipped with the following types of drives:

• hydraulic;
• mechanical;
• pneumatic;
• thermal;
• electric.

If there is a source of electricity at the place of use of the equipment, the latter option turns out to be the most profitable and convenient solution, since it has a wide range of characteristics. When power from electricity is not possible, the pumps are equipped with gas turbine engines, as well as internal combustion engines. The pneumatic drive will be the optimal solution if it is possible to use natural or associated gas for energy, which increases the profitability of the pumping unit.

Types and design features of oil pumps

Here are the main design features of pumping units intended for the oil industry:

• mechanical seal;
• explosion-proof version of the electric motor;
• hydraulic units of pumping equipment;
• materials that allow installation and operation of equipment outdoors, in open areas.

The drive and pump are installed on a single foundation. A mechanical seal with fluid and flushing systems is placed between the shaft and the equipment body. Nickel-containing, chromium or carbon steel is used for the manufacture of the flow path.

There are two main types of oil pumping equipment: screw and centrifugal.

Screw pumps are designed for use in more difficult operating conditions than centrifugal pumps. Since there is no contact of screws inside such a device when pumping a liquid, they can work with substances with high densities, as well as with those environments that contain various impurities: brine, sludge, slurry, crude oil, etc.

There are single and twin screw pumps for oil companies. Both types are characterized by excellent self-priming ability, high pressure (over 10 atmospheres) and pressure level (over 100 meters).

Twin screw oil pumps are capable of pumping liquids with increased viscosity even when the ambient temperature changes. This, for example, can be oil sludge, tar, bitumen or fuel oil. Such installations can cope with substances with a temperature of 450 degrees at temperatures down to -60 degrees Celsius. If we talk about multiphase twin-screw pumps, they are capable of pumping liquids with a gas content of up to 90%.

Progressing Cavity Pumps can also be useful for unloading railroad, road tankers and acid containers. Using general industrial equipment, these operations are simply impossible to perform.

Centrifugal, cantilever pumping units can be equipped with a rigid or elastic coupling, and also delivered without this element. The latter type of equipment is mounted on a central axis either vertically or horizontally on the legs. The temperature of the pumped liquid medium here cannot be more than 400 degrees Celsius.

The single-stage overhung pump is equipped with one-way impellers. Such equipment is used to move oil and other liquids, which are characterized by high temperatures (up to 200 degrees).

Two-bearing pumping units are:

• one-, two- and multi-stage;
• one- and two-body;
• with one-way and two-way suction.

The temperature of the pumped medium here should not exceed 200 degrees.

There are also suspended (semi-submersible) vertical pumps, which are made in a single-casing or double-casing form. The drain can be separate or through the column. The list of additional equipment for this equipment may also include a volute or a guide vane.

According to the maximum temperature of the pumped liquid medium, all existing varieties of oil pumping units can be conditionally divided into several groups:

• 80 degrees - semi-submersible, horizontal single-stage steel, horizontal main-line multi-stage sectional cast iron, completed with one-way impellers;
• 200 degrees - cantilever cast iron, horizontal multistage cast iron;
• 400 degrees - cantilever steel with single-acting or double-acting impellers.

Taking into account the temperature level of the pumped liquid medium, the pump is equipped with a single or double mechanical seal. The first option is suitable for working with substances with temperatures up to 200 degrees, the second - up to 400 degrees Celsius.

According to the field of application, the units can be divided into devices used in the extraction and transportation of oil, as well as in the preparation and processing of oil products. The first group includes pumping units responsible for supplying a liquid medium to central collection points, to group automated metering units, to commercial oil tanks, to head stations of the oil pipeline, booster station units, as well as equipment for moving substances through the sections of the refinery. The second group includes installations designed to transfer oil to centrifuges, separators, heat exchangers, columns and furnaces.

Sealed Oil Centrifugal Pump Design

1. Housing.

2. Closed impeller.

3. Bearing.

4. Sealing cup.

5. Internal magnet.

6. External magnet.

7. Protective cover.

8. Secondary casing.

10. Oil seal.

11. Temperature sensor.

1. Housing.

2. Replaceable ring.

4. Impeller.

5. Sealing block.

6. Oil chamber seal.

7. Working shaft.

8. Bearings of the working shaft.

9. Ribbing.

10. Bearing housing.

Scope of application of pumping units

The described pumping units are used primarily in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. However, they are also in demand by any other enterprises that regularly face the task of pumping liquefied gas, oil, oil products and others, similar in weight, viscosity, level of corrosive effect on the materials of manufacture of pump parts and other physical qualities of substances.

Depending on the climatic version, the equipment can be used both outside and inside various categories of premises, if the working conditions allow the presence of a mixture of dust with air, explosive vapors or gases.

This allows CHP plants, oil production and refining enterprises, boiler and gas filling stations, as well as other organizations to use pumping units for pumping:

• various petroleum products;
• various chemical environments;
• crude oil;
• commercial oil;
• liquefied gases;
• gas condensate;
• acids and salt solutions;
• chemical reagents;
• hot water;
• feed water for steam heating systems.

Also, oil pumps are used to inject water into the reservoir (necessary for traffic safety systems), as well as chemical reagents (used to increase oil recovery). They are also used in booster and injection systems.

Pumps designed for pumping oil and petroleum products are used in oil production processes: during drilling operations, pumping formation water from wells and pumping formation fluid into a well. These pumps are classified into three groups. Certain types of pumps are used at the stage of pumping oil through field and main oil pipelines.

Mud pumps are, as a rule, piston and plunger pumps used for pumping liquid media (clay, cement, brine). These pumps are used for flushing and squeezing operations and cementing of oil and gas wells during their drilling and workover, as well as for pumping fluid into the reservoir to enhance oil production.

Among the piston and plunger pumps, mud pumps are the most powerful, which determines the way of regulating the flow through the gearbox used in the design of these pumps. The feed is regulated in steps. The design of individual pumps provides for the ability to change the flow due to the use of replaceable valve body parts (liners and pistons of different diameters). Mud pumps, being positive displacement pumps, have the property of self-priming, but the descriptive table traditionally indicates the accepted characteristic of the suction capacity of this group of pumps - the permissible vacuum head suction.

Pumps for pumping formation fluid from a well, as mentioned above, are subdivided into downhole centrifugal, downhole screw and sucker rod pumps. Centrifugal and screw downhole submersible pumping units are part of installations, which, in addition to the units, contain cable lines and ground electrical equipment. The unit and the cable line are lowered into the well on tubing. The ground equipment includes a transformer substation and start-up control equipment. Downhole sucker rod pumps are manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the American Petroleum Institute standard (specification II AX).

Pumps for pumping formation fluid into a well are represented by a group of surface and borehole pumps. The surface pumps under consideration are horizontal centrifugal sectional multistage pumps of the CNS type. This group of pumps also includes mud pumps. Downhole submersible pumping units of the EDS type for pumping fluid into the formation are structurally analogous to pumping units for pumping fluid from wells. For injection of liquid, downhole pumping units of the semi-submersible type ETsNA are also used, in which the electric motor is installed on the surface at the wellhead.

Companies-manufacturers of pumping equipment

JSC "Livensky production association of hydraulic machines" ("livgidromash")
The largest supplier of pumping equipment for the oil production, petrochemical, shipbuilding industries, energy, utilities, agro-industrial complex and other leading sectors of the national economy of Russia. The enterprise has been operating since 1947 and produces more than 300 standard sizes of pumps.

Since 2005, JSC Livgidromash has been a member of the Investment and Industrial Group (IPG) Hydraulic Machines and Systems, which unites leading manufacturers of pumps and pumping equipment. The products of the IPG enterprises are sold through a single trade division of the Group - CJSC Hydromashservice, as well as a wide dealer network of the company. The company has an extensive service network - more than 20 service centers in Russia and the CIS countries.

Currently, in the pumping equipment market, Livgidromash OJSC is one of the largest machine-building enterprises producing pumps and components. On the territory of Russia and the CIS, the main consumers of products are municipal enterprises, oil and gas producing companies, metallurgical plants, nuclear and thermal power plants. For the oil industry, Livgidromash OJSC produces centrifugal oil pumps (ND, TsN), submersible pumps (ETSNM, EVN), as well as a wide range of various types of pumps for petroleum products;

OJSC "Ena"

Created on the basis of the Shchelkovo pumping plant, it is one of the leading Russian manufacturers of pumping equipment. The products are widely known in the Russian market and abroad. JSC ENA is a full member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN).

The enterprise produces over 250 items, over 780 standard sizes of industrial centrifugal pumps made of cast iron, steel, including stainless, non-ferrous metals and plastics. Pumps for the petrochemical industry: horizontal cantilever electric pumps - AX, X; monoblock chemical pumps - XM, XME; semi-submersible electric pump units - KhP, THI, KhIO, KhVS, AHP, AHPO, NV; apparatuses for the oil and gas industry - ANG; hermetic pumps with a magnetic drive - KhG, KhGE; centrifugal pumps for ammonia - ANM, ANME;

NPO Gidromash CJSC / Kataysky Pumping Plant CJSC

The only legal successor of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Machine Building, founded in 1931 - VIGM, (later - VNIIgidromash), which developed 80% of all pumps in Russia and the CIS countries. JSC NPO Gidromash continues to develop and manufacture pumps for various industries national economy: from nuclear energy and space technology to utility systems. The enterprise has its own production base (CJSC "Kataysky pumping plant") with unique equipment that allows the production of complex pumping equipment, two design offices - special and power pumps, a research laboratory, test benches for the entire range of pumping equipment produced.

JSC "Kataysky Pumping Plant" is a leading manufacturer of horizontal centrifugal pumps for the chemical and petrochemical industry, metallurgy, fuel and energy complex, pulp and paper industry, housing and communal services, agriculture, land reclamation and other sectors of the national economy, designed for pumping clean water , condensate, light oil products, overheated water, liquefied gases, waste masses, sea and fresh water, chemically active and neutral liquids, for water supply in domestic conditions, as well as spare parts for them. The plant maintains stable ties with 40 countries. Has a wide dealer network.

Export supplies of pumping equipment make up 20% (including the CIS countries) of the total supplies. The plant was accepted as a member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers, which represents the interests of all its members in the European Association of Pump Manufacturers "EUROPUMPS";

JSC "Livensky plant of submersible pumps" Livnynasos "

It specializes in the production of electric pumping units of the "ETsV" type with a submersible electric motor, designed to supply water from artesian wells for urban, industrial, agricultural water supply, irrigation and lowering the level of groundwater. Since 1996, Livnynasos OJSC has been a member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN) and provides about 50% of pump needs in Russia. Besides Russia, pumps are sold to all neighboring countries.

In the middle of 2005, the plant mastered and certified by the State Standard of Russia 126 standard sizes of pumps. As of August 1, 2005, the plant produced over 360 thousand units of various pumping equipment. In 2006, Livnynasos OJSC in the course of consolidation of the main pumping equipment manufacturers within the Hydraulic Machines and Systems group;

ZAO NPO Uralgidroprom

It is one of the leading pump manufacturers in Russia and the CIS. Scopes of pumping equipment: chemical, utilities, oil, mining, construction, metallurgical. The dealer network of the company covers most of the regions of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine;

OJSC "Volgogradneftemash"

It is one of the leading manufacturers of equipment for the gas, oil and petrochemical industries. In 1991 the enterprise became a part of OJSC Gazprom. At present, OAO Volgogradneftemash unites the Volgograd Oil Machine Building Plant named after Petrova (Volgograd) and Kotelnikovskiy Valve Plant (Kotelnikovo, Volgograd Region).

All gas production and gas transmission enterprises of Gazprom, oil refineries of large oil companies, gas pipelines, gas condensate and oil fields from the Far North to Central Asia are equipped with technological equipment manufactured by the Company. Centrifugal oil pumps and pumping units based on them are intended for pumping oil, liquefied hydrocarbon gases and oil products. Types of manufactured pumps: TKA (cantilever), NKV and NK (cantilever), NT (two-bearing), TKAam (hermetic, up to + 1000 C), S5 / 140T;

FSUE "Turbonasos"

Research and production enterprise, which includes design, production and experimental complexes, interconnected by a common production and technological cycle. At present, the Federal Space Agency assigns the FGUP TURBONASOS to the development, manufacture, testing and servicing of pumps, turbines and power systems for basic industries. The consumers of the products are enterprises of oil and gas production, petrochemical, oil refining, chemical, metallurgical, mining and processing and other branches of the national economy of the Russian Federation;

JSC "Plant of Vane Hydraulic Machines"

(JSC LGM, until 1991 - Moscow Pumping Plant named after MI Kalinin, Mosnasosmash is one of the oldest pumping equipment manufacturing enterprises in Russia with extensive experience in the production of high-quality pumps used in various industries: shipbuilding, chemical , petrochemical and oil refining, energy, metallurgy, including for pumping liquefied gases (cryogenic pumps), in public water supply systems and other industries;

OJSC "Uralgidromash"

A manufacturer of hydraulic machines, power, chemical and oilfield equipment, specializing in the design and manufacture of axial, diagonal, centrifugal, submersible and special-purpose pumps for the chemical, mining, metallurgical, petroleum, shipbuilding industries, trunk canals and pipelines, thermal and nuclear power plants, systems of technical and domestic water supply, land reclamation, irrigation, sewerage and other industries, as well as the design and manufacture of hydraulic turbines of small and medium power;

ROSHYDROMASH

Manufacturer and supplier of pumping equipment, electric motors and generators for various purposes. The range of supplied products includes pumps for pumping water and other liquids, including aggressive ones, oil and oil products, steam and condensate, as well as electric motors for general industrial and special purposes.

Rosgidromash is also a dealer of "VIPOM" AD, "Vladimirsky Electromotor Plant", CJSC "Trading House - KEM", Yasnogorsk Machine Building Plant, Bavlensky Plant OJSC "Electrodvigatel", Baranchinsky Electromechanical Plant;

JSC "Talnakh"

The TALNAKH Industrial Enterprises Association has been successfully operating in the markets of Russia and the Commonwealth countries since 1994. In 2006, on the basis of the Talnakh Industrial Enterprises Association, the Fluidbusiness Group was organized. The group includes highly qualified specialists in the field of hydraulics and technological equipment for industrial processes. The main activity of the group is the selection, supply and maintenance of imported equipment from ITT corporation. The range of the corporation's pumping products is very wide and is represented by the following main brands: ITT Flygt AB (Sweden), ITT AC (USA), ITT Vogel (Austria), ITT Goulds (USA), ITT Well Point (Italy), etc.

Talnakh unites 11 enterprises specializing in the development, design and production of pumping equipment, spare parts for pumps, chemical water treatment systems, hydrodynamic treatment, etc. Among them: CJSC DNS (Dosing pumps and systems), CJSC NPO Hydraulic technologies ”, JSC NPO“ Centrifugal pumps ”and other enterprises.

Plants-manufacturers of oilfield equipment

Production company "Borets"

It manufactures the entire line of submersible oil production equipment and provides services for its repair, control and maintenance. The Borets plant became the first enterprise in Russia to set up serial production of submersible pumps for oil production. Currently, the plant "Borets" produces a wide range of oilfield and compressor equipment: complete installations of submersible electric centrifugal pumps (ESP), pumps of the ESP, ETSNMIK, ETSNM, ESP, ETSNDP, IIETsN, LETsND, LETsNM, sectional pressure ), screw and piston compressor units, compressor stations, gas injection units (UNG and UNGA series).

PC "Borets" owns 19 companies in Russia. The main subsidiaries of PC Borets are Lebedyansky Machine Building Plant (production of submersible centrifugal pumps for oil production, gas separators and jet pumps), Kurgan Cable Plant (production of heat-resistant power cable for submersible electric pumps), service company Borets, Lysvensky Oil Engineering Plant.

The company also includes Lemaz LLC, which is one of the leading Russian manufacturers of submersible centrifugal pumps for oil production. It also develops and manufactures centrifugal pumps for pumping oil products, piston and plunger pumps of various types and purposes, including those for nuclear power and special shipbuilding.

According to the holding, the share of PC Borets in the market of oil production equipment and services (together with subsidiaries) will amount to about 21.5%. The Moscow plant "Borets" for certain types of equipment for oil production occupies up to 50% of the Russian market.

Weatherford International, one of the leading American oilfield equipment manufacturing and servicing companies, has acquired a stake (less than a third) in the Russian Borets group;

OJSC "Izhneftemash"

One of the largest specialized Russian enterprises producing oilfield equipment. OJSC "Izhneftemash" produces over 40 items of equipment. Mud pumps of small and medium power, automatic stationary drilling tongs, cementing and mixing plants for cementing wells, pumping units and sucker rod pumps for oil extraction by a mechanized method, tubular hydraulic tongs for making-up and unscrewing pipes during well workover and much more.

The plant has a powerful technological potential. The range of manufactured products includes:

• equipment for oil production,
• equipment for well cementing,
• stationary drilling tongs,
• drilling pumps and pumping units,
• well workover equipment,
• technological oilfield equipment;

CJSC "Electon"

For 16 years it has been offering its solutions and products in the field of oil production in the CIS. It specializes in the production of control stations and related devices and equipment for submersible electric motors (SEM) of the ELEKTON series designed to work as part of electric centrifugal pump installations for oil production, sucker rod pumping units, reservoir water injection, water intakes, etc. The share of consumption of ELEKTON PED control stations out of the total number purchased by oil companies in 2008 was more than 60%. CJSC "ELECTON" has more than 30 patents for manufactured equipment, including contactors, submersible telemetry and submersible motor control stations. The production of submersible oil-field equipment developed at CJSC "ELECTON" was mastered: plug-in screw pump for the production of high-viscosity oil, start couplings for starting submersible centrifugal and screw electric pumps and other equipment;

OJSC "Neftemash"

It specializes in the production of oilfield equipment in modular-complete design. The range of manufactured products includes more than 90 types of equipment:

• equipment for measuring the production rate of oil wells,
• equipment for the pressure maintenance system,
• pumping stations. Reagent dosing units,
• equipment for water purification,
• fire-fighting equipment,
• equipment for the preparation of oil, gas and water,
• buildings of administrative and household and electrical equipment,
• questionnaires for ordering equipment;

OJSC "Alnas"

It is part of the Rimera company, the oilfield services division of the ChTPZ Group, which provides services for the exploration and development of fields, as well as the design and construction of pipelines. Rimera brings together the service assets of the ChTPZ Group - leading manufacturers of components for the construction of pipelines, a network of service centers located in the largest oil-producing regions of Russia. The company also has representative offices in Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

The assets of the ChTPZ Group are managed by ARKLEY CAPITAL. In August 2008. Rimera, representing the oilfield services division of the ChTPZ Group, acquired 24.765% of the voting shares of the leading company in the Russian oil engineering industry - OJSC Izhneftemash;

OOO Ritek-itz and the company NETZSCH

A Russian-German joint venture LLC RN - Complex Pumping Equipment was created, which develops, manufactures and supplies a fundamentally new unit for the production of high-viscosity oil. This installation includes NETZSCH submersible screw pumps and special drives for them, developed by RITEK-ITC LLC (for example, a gearless low-speed high-torque variable electric drive of a submersible screw pump for UEVN).

OJSC RITEK is a part of the structure of production enterprises of the vertically integrated oil company OJSC LUKOIL and belongs to the group of medium-sized Russian oil companies, holding leading positions in terms of key indicators in its group;

CJSC "Novomet-Perm"

The first products were centrifugal pump stages for oil production. In 1997, a new type of stage was developed - a centrifugal vortex, and in 1998 the production of serial centrifugal vortex pumps, oriented to oil production in difficult conditions, was launched, which made it possible to create a production facility for the production of 1 million stages and 2000 pumps per year.

Today "NOVOMET" produces complete submersible installations for oil production, reservoir pressure maintenance units and stands for testing this equipment; provides services for the selection and manufacture of equipment for specific wells; provides equipment on a 24-hour basis; performs the current and overhaul submersible equipment; provides research and expert services in the field of materials science, tribotechnics and fluid dynamics.

The Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN) makes a significant contribution to the overall coordination of the sub-sector. Since 1992, a member of a similar European association EUROPUMP, RAPN cooperates with it on integration issues in accordance with market conditions.

Manufacturers of oilfield pumping equipment from the CIS countries

JSC "Bobruisk Machine-Building Plant"

The largest manufacturer of centrifugal pumps in the CIS. The pumping equipment produced by the plant is subdivided into five main groups according to its purpose - pumps for oil, oil products and liquefied hydrocarbon gases (oil pumps such as NK, NPS, NSD), for highly abrasive slurries (ground, sand), for clean water (water), waste liquids (bulk, fecal) and paper pulp (bulk).
It is a member of the Russian Association of Pump Manufacturers (RAPN), of which it is a member of the European Association of Pump Manufacturers (EUROPUMP). Sales markets geography: CIS, Europe, Central and South-East Asia, Middle East and Africa.

JSC Sumy NPO named after Frunze "

Founded in 1896. Currently, it is one of the leading machine-building complexes in Europe for the production of equipment for the oil, gas and chemical industries and supplies its products to more than 40 countries around the world.
Export is the basis of the company's production program; the range of manufactured equipment, the volume and geography of supplies are constantly expanding. Traditionally, among the partners of the enterprise, leading positions are taken by the CIS countries - Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Ukraine, and among the far abroad countries - Iran, Turkey, Bulgaria, China, India, USA, Italy, Argentina and many others ...

For the oil industry, the company supplies Russia with AK-60 well workover and development units, clay separators and upgraded pumps of the CNS type for maintaining pressure during oil production. In total, the enterprise has manufactured over 10,000 pumps of the CNS type.

OJSC "Sumy plant" Nasosenergomash "

The largest enterprise in Ukraine and the CIS specializing in the production of pumping equipment. Manufactures centrifugal pumps for various industrial sectors, including oil production; vortex and vacuum pumps for use in agriculture and industry. The enterprise is part of the Investment and Industrial Group "Hydraulic Machines and Systems" - a machine-building holding that has the most powerful research and production complex in the CIS in the development and production of pumping equipment, power units and complex hydraulic systems for various industries, energy, pipeline transport, water management and housing and communal services.

JSC "Kharkovmash"

He specializes in the development of new technologies for integrated supply of enterprises of the oil and gas production and oil refining industries, hydro and heat power engineering, and utilities. He is the founder of NPP "Oil and Gas Technique", on the production base of which the serial production of oil pumps of the NK and NKV types was mastered. The nomenclature list of oil pumps completely covers the model range of pumps manufactured in the CIS countries. The company has mastered the production of other types of pumps, as well as the production of various boiler-auxiliary equipment.
In 2002 the enterprise became a part of OJSC South-Russian Industrial Corporation, which made it possible to significantly expand the circle of equipment consumers at the expense of enterprises in Russia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan. For the oil industry, the company produces the following types of oil pumps: NK, NKV, NPS, pumping units such as TsN, PE, oil pumps N and ND.

LLC "Southern Plant of Hydraulic Machines"

Specializes in the manufacture of pumping equipment for all sectors of the national economy. Pumps of the Yuzhgidromash plant are successfully operating in 49 countries of near and far abroad - in Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America. Consumers: enterprises of thermal and nuclear energy, metallurgical, food, chemical and oil refining industries, in land reclamation, water supply and irrigation, in drainage systems of coal mines and subways, in small boiler houses, in public utilities, in personal plots.

JSC "Moldovahidromash"

It is one of the largest pump manufacturers in Eastern Europe. Within the CIS, the enterprise continues to be one of the main manufacturers and designers of chemical, sewage, marine, circulation, special and other electric pumps. The pumps produced are used at chemical industry enterprises, at oil refineries, in the metallurgical industry and in other industries. The main products of the enterprise are centrifugal sealed explosion-proof electric pumps.

JSC "Hydropompa"

Production of electric pumps such as ETsV, ETsV KhTrG, ETsV KhTr, TsMPV and OMPV, TsMF, Torent, Pharmek, Gradinarul, Asvatik.

JSC "Bugulma Electric Pumping Plant"

Production and repair of electric centrifugal pumps (ESP).

The volume of the Russian market of pumping equipment for the oil and gas industry

The production of pumping equipment is a sub-industry of mechanical engineering, but it mainly performs an accompanying function for other industries. The pump is one of the main structural elements of the infrastructure of such industries as oil production, oil refining, oil transportation, energy, water management, housing and communal services and chemical engineering. Fulfilling the role of ancillary production determines the dependence of the dynamics of pump production on the state of the aforementioned industries.

Currently, in the post-Soviet space, pumps are produced by more than 200 enterprises, including 147 enterprises directly in Russia. For comparison: in 1990, 78 enterprises produced pumps in the USSR, 52 of them in the territory of the Russian Federation.

According to the reports of the companies "Livgidromash" and "Livnynasos", over the past five years, there have been no significant changes in the main components of the market for the production and sale of pumping equipment (all types of pumps). During the period 2001-2004. the volume of pump production in Russia remained constant at 5.5 million pumps per year (all types of pumps). The ratio of imported and domestic products sold in the country remained unchanged during the period under review - about 60% against 40% in favor of domestic producers. In 2005, there was a tendency to revive the pumping equipment market. So, the overall growth of production in 2005-2007. depending on the sector amounted to 10-17% of the 2004 level. In 2007, the growth of pump production amounted to 15.4% of the 2006 level.

Pumping equipment sales projected for 2008 show fairly high growth rates - up to 15% per year. Smooth growth is predicted due to the manifestation of deferred demand and the need for equipment to support the implementation of more complex industrial and infrastructure projects. The deferred demand is determined by the significant depreciation of the pump fleet, reaching 90% in some companies.

In the segment of submersible pumps (including pumps in ESP units), according to market participants, the demand of the oil industry amounted to 22,650 thousand units in 2007. Production volumes of domestic companies in this segment were:

• Wrestler - 8 thousand units, share 36%,
• Novomet - 3 thousand units, share of 11%,
• Alnas - 2 thousand units, share 8%,
• Diamond - 1.4 thousand units, share of 6%.

In the oil industry in Russia, the CIS countries and around the world, the flow rate of wells for oil production tends to decrease. With the flow rate of wells 2 -: - 20 m3 / day. the use of centrifugal pumps is impractical, therefore, sucker rod pumps with pumping units are used. Sucker rod pumps in Russia are mainly produced by the following plants: OJSC Izhneftemash, CJSC Perm Oil Machine Building Company (CJSC PKNM) and OJSC ELKAM - Neftemash, Perm.

Some experts point out a downward trend in the demand for sucker rod pumps. Since sucker rod pumps have a number of disadvantages, work is underway in Russia and the United States to develop electro-hydraulic diaphragm pumps with a high head up to 3,000 m and a flow rate of up to 25 m3 / day. In Russia, OOO RAM has developed and is testing the specified pump (EGPDN), and in the USA, Smit Lift manufactured and tested in 2005 an experimental batch of double diaphragm pumps with a head of 720 m and a flow rate of up to 25 m3 / day.

JSC "Livgidromash" is testing double-diaphragm pumps driven by a rod with a shaker, which leads to a limitation in the pressure characteristic.

Due to an increase in the number (up to 20%) of idle low-flow wells and located in hard-to-reach areas, where oil production by sucker rod pumps becomes unprofitable, the use of electro-hydraulic diaphragm pumps is a promising high-tech direction.

In addition, due to the inertness of diaphragms to corrosive formation fluid, diaphragm pumps are used for pumping it in a booster pump with a capacity of 450 m2 / day created by JSC ELKAM - Neftemash. and a pressure of 4 -: - 6 MPa, as well as in the installation developed by OOO "RAM" high pressure 25 MPa and productivity 600 -: - 800 m2 / day. for the reservoir pressure maintenance system directly at the well pads. Diaphragm pumps have a high efficiency (at least 60%) and, with a modular design, allow remote control of capacity and head.

The market size for production diaphragm pumps both in Russia and abroad can be at least 50% of the stock of operating wells and at least 50% of the pumps used in the reservoir pressure maintenance system of transfer pumps. In addition to these advantages, diaphragm pumps can be used in the production of viscous oil, oil with a high content of technical impurities and from great depths (over 3000 m) in the case of funding for developers from the state or oil companies.

Since the main unit of diaphragm pumps is an autonomous closed hydraulic drive with the use of positive displacement oil pumps, it is necessary to cooperate between factories that produce components for hydraulic drive units with machine-building plants that produce diaphragm pumps. Russia is starting to master the production of new generation diaphragm pumps by FGUP Turbonasos, CJSC POTEK and OJSC ELKAM-Neftemash.

In the segment of screw pumps, the demand of the oil industry was 1500 pcs. in 2007, the main manufacturers in this segment are Borets, Livgidromash, Elekton, Ritek.

According to OJSC "Livgidromash", in the segment of pumps for oil and oil products (NDv, VAT), the shares of OJSC "Bobruisk Machine Building Plant" and OJSC "Volgogradneftemash" make up 5% of the market each.

According to official data from Rosstat, there has been a steady growth in the production of pumps of various types (not only for the oil industry). At the same time, the largest part falls on centrifugal pumps (37–38% of the total volume of pumps produced). Centrifugal artesian and submersible pumps (10–12%) account for a significant share in the total volume of pump production in the Russian Federation. The total number of produced pumps of all types (including pumps for water and domestic pumps) increased from 610.3 thousand in 2004 to 738.8 thousand units in 2006.

The oil industry, as the most important component of the fuel and energy complex of Russia, is the basic basis of the national economy of the country. Oil production growth rates achieved in Russia for last years were among the tallest in the world. The growing global demand for oil is an important incentive for domestic companies to actively develop, build up oil production capacities, and launch new fields.

The most important indicators of demand for pumping equipment in the oil industry are: production and exploratory drilling, commissioning of new wells, positive dynamics of oil production.

According to the participants' estimates, the oil and gas equipment market in 2008–2009 will grow by 20–30% per year, while consumer interest in high-tech equipment will increase.

Trade engineering companies

Among the companies that are not engaged in the production of pumping equipment, but provide services for its sale (intermediaries, dealers), one can single out the companies Rosenergoplan, PromSnabKomplekt, Agrovodkom, Energomashsistema, Gidromashser-vis, NPO Air Conditioning , JSC "Ventilation, water supply, heat supply" ("VVT"), "Electrohydromash", PIK "Energotrast", "Central pumping company", "Energoprom" and others.

Another segment is companies that carry out a full cycle of work: design, construction, production / supply, installation, commissioning, service of oilfield equipment. This segment includes such companies as Baker Hughes, Alnas, Elekton, RITEK, Gidromashservice, Novomet, Gazenergokomplekt, Industrial Power Machines, Schlumberger.

There are also service companies that do not manufacture or sell equipment, but provide a full range of design and service work.

According to experts, the volume of the service market in 2007 grew by 1.5 times as compared to 2006 and amounted to about 400 million dollars. The positive dynamics of growth in the service segment will continue. According to some experts, the volume of this segment will amount to about $ 900 million by 2015. It is interesting that the service market is growing faster than the sales market for the equipment itself, which is associated with the development of technologies and increased requirements for high-quality service of modern equipment.

Service development is also fueled by the trend of wells being taken out of service by oil companies' own divisions and the transfer of services to independent service companies (currently the total well stock is 76,300 units, of which only 28,600 are currently serviced by external service companies, with which companies such as BP already cooperate. , Lukoil, Yukos and others).

Foreign manufacturers of pumping equipment

For a long time, foreign firms have been working intensively on the domestic market. Anticipating a review of the nomenclature of the main foreign firms active in the Russian market, we can note the most common features that characterize the equipment of foreign firms.
1. Wide boundaries of parametric areas of operation of pumps, in some cases overlapping the boundaries of parameters of operation of domestic pumps.

2. A wide range of design options for pumps for different operating conditions. It should be especially noted a group of multistage vertical pumps, which are practically absent in the nomenclature of domestic manufacturers.

3. High quality materials used in the manufacture of pumps. The nomenclature of materials used by foreign companies practically coincides with the nomenclature of materials used in the domestic pump-building industry, however, imported materials and casting are of higher quality than domestic ones.

4. A wide selection of pump configurations with various automation elements, measuring instruments and starting protection devices, pipeline fittings and other types of accessories.

5. The list of firms offering the consumer units with built-in frequency regulators of the speed of the electric motor, controlled remotely by an operator or an automation system, is expanding.

Currently, the following companies are most active in commercial activities in the Russian market for pumps used in the oil industry:

• Reda (Schlumberger) Electric Submersible Pumps
• Baker Hughes (a Centrilift division) LIFTEQ submersible screw pumps; screw pumps with rod drive; horizontal pumping systems
• Wood group (england) Multistage centrifugal pumps company
• Weatherford (usa) Progressing Cavity Pumps Electrocentrifugal submersible pumps
• "Vipom" (bulgaria, JSC "vipom") Pumps of the "DV" series With a double-entry wheel Pumps of the "E" series Cantilever, cantilever monoblock Pumps of the E-ISO series Cantilever, cantilever monoblock Pumps of the KEM series Cantilever monoblock Pumps of the series МТР "Multistage Pumps" 12ESG "series Self-priming
• NETZSCH (germany, netch Pumps rus) Single Screw Pumps NETZSCH - Reagent dosing Horizontal pumps NETZSCH - Pressure maintenance systems Horizontal pumps NETZSCH - Emptying of road tankers Multiphase pumps - In-field pumping Submersible Screw Pump Units
• Вornemann (Germany) Rotary high pressure pumps "LEISTRITZ" (Germany). Screw Pumps Multiphase Pumps

Centrilift pumps account for about 4% of total pump sales for the oil industry (Baker Hughes has a 9% share with services), and Wood group has a 2% market share (with services, 4%).

According to experts - participants of the oilfield equipment market, in 2007 the volume of the pump market for the oil industry (excluding services) amounted to about $ 800 million, and in 2006 this figure was equal to $ 750 million. The forecasted value of the market volume in 2015 year - $ 1.1 billion

Pricing in the domestic pump market

The prices of pumps for the oil industry are determined not only by general factors (prime cost, delivery times and competitors' prices), but also by many additional market factors, incl. world oil prices. The average price of a pump for oil production in 2007 was $ 36,700 per unit (domestic production). Imported products are 1.5–2 times more expensive.

Deviation of technical characteristics of pumps from nominal values \u200b\u200band low quality indicators not only significantly reduce the price of the pump, but sometimes force industrial and commercial firms to refuse to purchase the equipment offered. The latter is due to the desire of firms to maintain their reputation in the market, as well as reduce the cost of pre-sale preparation.

The price of a product in the domestic pumping market is determined by the following main factors:

• manufacturer's monopoly;
• product quality;
• place of aggregation and pre-sale preparation.

In addition, a number of other factors affect the prices of pumping equipment, which may turn out to be very significant: ensuring warranty obligations, purchasing equipment after long-term storage (a distinctive feature of the domestic pumping equipment market is the presence of a large number of pumps that are in stock for a long time; for the sale of such equipment with a guarantee of reliability, it is necessary to carry out thorough pre-sale preparation, which usually consists in disassembling the units, replacing bearing assemblies and seal assemblies, replacing parts included in spare parts and accessories, replacing electric motors, as well as painting and preserving, as a result of which the prices of these pumps on the market are lower than factory prices by 35-50%), the impact of transport costs.

Trends in the Russian market of pumping equipment for the oil industry

At present, the Russian market of pumps for the oil industry can be characterized by the following trends.

• The confident development of the oil industry explains the growing demand for complex complex pumping systems that require individual engineering solutions, and determines the trend of transition from nodal to complete consumption, in which cooperation involves not only the supply of equipment, but also its installation, maintenance and "launch".
• Intellectualization of the process of control and maintenance of pumping systems, the creation of "smart wells" that successfully operate in the Middle East, in the Russian Federation exist at the level of pilot projects; in the future - the creation of "intellectual deposits".
• The lag of the material and technical base in comparison with foreign firms - leaders in pumping production, which is expressed in the fact that imports are growing faster than their own production, foreign competitors are becoming more active.
• Lower cost of domestic products compared to foreign counterparts.
• High moral and physical wear and tear of pumping equipment;
• Tightening of consumer requirements for the technical characteristics of pumps, an increase in equipment service life and MTBF.
• Considering the decrease in the flow rate of oil producing wells in Russia, whose share in the total volume is up to 50%, there is growing interest in new high-tech pumps for marginal wells.
• Consolidation of manufacturers of pumping equipment in order to successfully develop the domestic equipment market - large players occupying a significant market share are able to invest in updating fixed assets and expanding production.

From the analysis of changes in the structure of pumping equipment output, a general conclusion can be drawn about a noticeable increase in the share of complex and expensive pumps. The imported submersible equipment purchased by domestic oilmen served and serves as a catalyst for the rapid formation of Russian machine-building companies in the oil and gas sector, their technical growth - General Director of CJSC Novomet-Perm, Oleg Mikhailovich Perelman. There are positive trends in cooperation between oilmen and producers.

Oil companies, having evaluated efforts to improve the quality and reliability of submersible equipment, invite domestic machine builders to participate on an equal basis with foreign firms in tenders for the supply of complex and high-performance pumping equipment.

Pumps designed for pumping oil and oil products are used in oil production processes: during drilling operations, pumping formation water from wells and pumping formation fluid into a well. These pumps are classified into three groups. Certain types of pumps are used at the stage of pumping oil through field and main oil pipelines. "/\u003e

general description

These units are designed to work with oil and oil products: fuel oil, liquefied carbon gases, water with impurities, high-viscosity liquids, etc. These pumps provide reliability and safety of work, as well as the efficiency of the pumping process.

Oil pumping units are distinguished from other units by their ability to function under special operating conditions. Thus, in the process of oil refining, the units and other elements of the pump are affected by substances such as hydrocarbons, as well as a wide range of operating pressures and temperatures. One of the specific factors in the operation of these units is the high level of viscosity of the pumped substance (oil up to 2000 cSt).

Such pumping units are produced in various climatic versions, as they operate under a variety of weather conditions (from the North Sea to the UAE, as well as the deserts of the United States).

The oil pump must be powerful enough, since in the process of pumping and processing oil, the unit lifts it from considerable depths of oil wells. Well performance is greatly influenced by the type of energy used by the oil equipment. Therefore, a certain type of pumping unit drive is set taking into account the operating conditions.

So, the oil pump can be equipped with the following types of drives:

• mechanical;
• electric;
• hydraulic;
• pneumatic;
• thermal.

Electric drive, subject to the availability of power supply, is the most convenient and provides the widest range of characteristics in the process of pumping oil. When power is not available, oil pumps can be powered by gas turbine engines or internal combustion engines. Pneumatic drives are installed on centrifugal oil pumps in cases where it is possible to use the energy of natural gas (high pressure), or the energy of associated gas, which significantly increases the level of profitability of the pumping unit.

The pumped-over liquids. Examples of

Oil pumps pump oil, oil products, oil and gas emulsions, liquefied gases, as well as other substances that have similar characteristics, non-aggressive liquid media, sediments.

Examples of oil pumps for:

At oil production sites, pumping units pump flushing fluid during well drilling, fluid during flushing work during overhaul, and fluids into the reservoir, ensuring the intensity of oil production. In addition, oil pumps pump a variety of non-corrosive liquid media (including water cut oil).

Design features and types:

The general design features of all oil pumping units, first of all, include:

• hydraulic part of the pump unit;
• specific materials that provide the ability to install the oil pump in open areas outdoors;
• mechanical seal;
• protection of electric motors from explosions.

The driven oil pumping unit is mounted on a single foundation. A mechanical seal with flushing and liquid supply systems is installed between the shaft and the pump housing. The flow path of the unit is made of steel (carbon / chromium / nickel).

Oil pumping units are divided into two main types: screw and centrifugal.

Oil screw pumping units are capable of operating in more severe operating conditions than centrifugal ones. Due to the fact that screw units pump liquids without screw contact, they are able to work with contaminated substances (crude oil, slurry, sludge, brine, etc.), as well as with substances with a high density level.

Oil screw pumps are single-screw and twin-screw, both types demonstrate good self-priming ability, while creating a high level of head (over 100 meters) and pressure (over 10 atm.).

Twin-screw pumps of this type perfectly cope with viscous liquids (bitumen, fuel oil, tar, oil sludge, etc.) even under conditions of changing ambient temperatures. So, these units can work with substances, the temperature of which is +450 ° С, while the lower limit of the ambient temperature can reach -60 ° С. Twin screw multiphase pumps are capable of handling gaseous liquids (content up to 90%).

Oil screw pumps are also used for unloading tanks (road and rail), tanks with acids, i.e. perform tasks that oil centrifugal pumps cannot.

The following types of oil centrifugal pumping units are distinguished:

• Cantilever pumps can be fitted with a flexible / rigid coupling. There are modifications without a coupling. These pumps are mounted horizontally / vertically on feet or along a central axis. The temperature of the pumped-over substance is no more than 400 ° C.

The cantilever single-stage oil pump is equipped with one-way impellers. These units are used in the process of pumping oil, as well as liquids with high temperatures (up to 200

• Two-bearing pumping units are single-stage / two-stage / multi-stage. There are modifications of one-body / two-body, as well as one-way and two-way suction. The temperature of the pumped-over substance is no more than 200 C.
• Vertical semi-submersible (or suspended) pumps are manufactured in a single-casing or double-casing modification, with a separate drain or drain, which is carried out through the column. In addition, such units can be equipped with a guide vane or a volute.

Separation of types of centrifugal oil pumps, API 610 standard

According to the temperature level of the pumped liquid, oil pumps can be divided into the following types:

• for pumping liquids at a temperature of 80 ° C (oil semi-submersible, oil main horizontal multistage sectional cast iron pumps equipped with single-entry impellers, as well as oil horizontal single-stage steel pumps);
• for pumping liquids at a temperature of 200 ° C (oil cantilever cast iron pumps, as well as oil horizontal multistage cast iron pumps);
• for pumping liquids at a temperature of 400 ° C (oil cantilever steel pumps equipped with single / double acting impellers).

Depending on the temperature level of the pumped substance, oil pumps are equipped with single seals (for a temperature level not exceeding 200 ° C) and double mechanical seals (for a temperature level not exceeding 400 ° C).

In accordance with the field of application of pumping units, the units are divided into pumps used in the process of oil production and transportation, as well as pumps used in the process of oil treatment and processing.

The first group includes units that supply oil to automated group metering units, to a central collection point, to commercial oil tanks, to the head station of the main oil pipeline, as well as pumps that pump oil at oil refineries and units for a booster station. The second group includes units for supplying oil to separators, centrifuges, heat exchangers, furnaces and columns.

Specifications of Centrifugal Oil Pumps

Main parts of oil sealed centrifugal pump

1.Pump casing
2.Impeller (closed type)
3.Bearing
4.Sealing cup
5.inner magnet
6.External magnet
7.Protective cover
8.Secondary shroud
9. Carrying frame
10.Oil seal
11.Temperature sensor

Main parts of the pump for transferring petroleum products (type BB3) according to API 610 10th edition

Pump design:

1.pump casing
2.pressure reducing bushing
3.impeller sleeve
4.impeller with first stage diffuser
5.balancing diaphragm
6.mounting studs
7.Slotted diffuser seal
8.Supply bolt
9.shaft
10.Seal stop bolt
11.pipe

The main parts of the pump for pumping oil

Pump design

1.pump casing
2.replaceable ring
3.pump support
4.impeller
5.sealing complex
6.seal oil chamber
7.shaft
8.bearings
9.Finning
10.bearing housing

Application area

Oil pumping units are used primarily in petrochemical and oil refining industries. In addition, pumps of this type work in other areas where the process of pumping oil and oil products, liquefied petroleum gas, and other substances that have similar physical properties to the listed substances (viscosity index, weight, level of corrosive effect on the materials of pump elements etc.).

The pumps, manufactured in various climatic designs and different categories, are intended for operation outdoors and in rooms where, due to the operating conditions, the formation of explosive gases, vapors or a mixture of dust with air is possible, and related to various categories of explosion hazard.

Thus, oil pumping units operate:

• At the enterprises of the oil and gas production and oil refining industries;
• As part of fuel supply systems for CHP;
• Large boiler houses and gas filling stations;
• In other enterprises that distribute or use petroleum products in explosive conditions.
• Pumping oil products of various kinds
• Bulk crude oil pumping
• Commercial oil pumping
• Gas condensate transfer
• Pumping liquefied gases
• Hot water pumping at power facilities
• Water injection into reservoir in reservoir pressure maintenance systems
• Transfer of chemicals
• Acid and brine pumping
• Pumping explosive media
• Injection of chemicals into the reservoir for better oil recovery
• Pumping various chemicals at oil and gas facilities
• Pumping feed water in steam heating systems
• In booster systems
• In pressure generation systems

Our company is engaged in the sale of pumping equipment, including special pumps for oil and oils. Such pumping units are widely used in chemical plants, industrial plants and petrochemical plants. Depending on the purpose of application, you can choose and buy from us the following pumps for oil and oils:

• two- and three-screw;
• single-screw submersible;
• gear hydraulic;
• gear;
• rotary;
• console;
• vortex;
• cantilever-monoblock;
• inter-support sectional;
• multistage;
• multistage centrifugal two-way stroke;
• self-priming;
• sealed.

You can find out the price of the pump for petroleum products and oils you are interested in from the price list, which is posted on the website of the Gidromontazhkomplekt company.

All the presented pumping units have practically no decreasing over time, very stable efficiency. Also, pumps of this type can significantly save energy, which is very important in the factory and production conditions.

Pumps handling petroleum products and oils are highly durable and insensitive to temperature changes, which, together with lightweight materials, makes them economical and lightweight. In addition, during the operation of such pumping units there are no additional vibrations, due to which they are extremely durable and almost silent in operation, as well as unpretentious in maintenance. It should be noted that the flow path of the pumps has an anti-corrosion coating, which ensures their long-term operation without loss of efficiency.

Requirements for pumps for petroleum products

They must have a sufficient power level to pump oil from deep wells. For the manufacture of equipment, it is necessary to use materials that are resistant to corrosion, adverse climatic conditions, low temperatures. Pumps must be highly suction-proof and resistant to dirt and abrasive particles.
The design of the pumps must be tight to prevent leakage. Modern pumps for petroleum products are equipped with various devices that notify about the status of the pump, as well as control systems that give signals in case of leaks. Thus, problems are eliminated in a timely and efficient manner.

The pumped-over media: Oil, fuel oil, bitumen, tar and other dark oil products. Water, sea water, fluids, oils.

Scope of application of pumps for oil

In the chemical and petrochemical industry, as well as in offshore oil production, as main or bunker pumps.
In power engineering and turbine construction, they are used as main pumps for lubrication of bearings of gas turbines.

Booster pumps, bilge and ballast pumps, trim pumps, circulating pumps, general purpose pumps, transport pumps, fire pumps for all industries.

Types of pumps for pumping oil

Pumps are divided into vertical, horizontal, submersible, as well as pumps of special design. Some pump models have special flushing and cooling systems.

The range of pumping equipment is diverse, the pumps differ in design, materials of execution, as well as functional purpose and fields of application. However, they all meet international and industry quality and safety standards.