Homemade grinding machine. Self-production of a grinding machine for wood. Homemade disc sander

In our time, there are no surfaces that are not smooth. Smoothness is achieved by various grinding devices. Professional equipment costs a lot of money and not everyone will be able to purchase it, moreover, such machines have a fairly high weight and dimensions.

Fortunately, the skillful hands of our country have got used to making equipment analogues for such a modest budget. The sander also did not stand aside and was subjected to modernization of manual craftsmanship. It is with this homemade machine that we will continue to get acquainted.

There are a lot of sanding equipment out there that make any wood surface very smooth. It is a frame on which a special frame with an electric motor is located (motors of washing machines are used for homemade products) and a mechanism. The mechanism itself, in turn, includes shafts, pulleys and an abrasive belt.

Application area

They are used in all industries where wood is processed. Often, any rough products have an uneven and rough surface. Such blanks cannot simply be painted and put up for sale or installed anywhere. Therefore, for further processing of wood, all its surfaces are amenable to grinding.

Grinding machines are also used for processing sag and chamfering, rounding corners. In addition, the grinding tool gives any surface a smooth leveling and calibration.

Varieties of wood grinding machine

Depending on the surface to be treated, the following types of grinding machines are distinguished:

Belt sander

This equipment uses an abrasive belt that is tensioned by two shafts. These shafts are driven by an asynchronous electric motor. The abrasive belt does not sag during wood processing, but abuts against the working plane, which has a low coefficient of friction. The tape can be positioned both horizontally and vertically. The advantage of this equipment is the processing of long workpieces.

Universal grinding unit

In this case, the machine has two working grinding surfaces. One tape surface and the other circular (disc). This universal machine created for the convenience of working on it. By the way, this configuration will significantly save your budget. This device uses only one motor. Based on this, when working on two working surfaces, the load on the motor will not increase much.

Drum Grinding Tool

In this case, the abrasive tape is wound on two rollers in a spiral manner. Under the rollers there is a table top with a smooth surface. The gap between the table top and the rollers is adjusted to the required distance. With this machine, you can calibrate the surface of the wood blank.

Disc sander

The working area of \u200b\u200bthis equipment is an abrasive wheel. A circle with Velcro is fixed to the axis of the electric motor, on which the abrasive is fixed. After starting the motor, the abrasive wheel rotates around its axis, thereby carrying out grinding. This type of machine has the ability to adjust the processing speed, and the number of revolutions of the axis will not decrease.

On each of the four types of machines, you can perform certain operations. Now that we have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat the grinding equipment looks like, it's time to disassemble the design of the machine.

In addition to the above machines, there are also portable grinders... And that's not all, so as not to spend money on machines, people came up with grinders from a drill, from the grinder... The fact is that nozzles are fixed on these tools and the same grinding is carried out.

Tip: If you still decide to purchase a factory grinder, then decide in advance on the work and loads that your device will undergo, and only then make a purchase. The same goes for homemade tools.

Calculating the power for the motor

Important! Before creating any homemade brainchild that performs grinding functions, it is extremely important to correctly calculate the power of the electric drive. After all, if the power of the motor is weak or, on the contrary, strong, then you cannot do any work.

The power is calculated according to a special formula, which belongs to the category of complex mathematical calculations.

The formula looks like this

P \u003d q * S * (K + k) * U / 1000 * n

Where each designation means the following

1. q - Refers to the pressure of the woodworking part on the plane of the abrasive cloth (N / square centimeter).
2. k - Indicator of friction of the wrong side of the abrasive on the working surface.
3. n - Coefficient of efficiency of the entire system.
4. K - Indicator of the working plane of the abrasive relative to the workpiece. The priority is the density of the wood and its graininess. The limits of this indicator range from 0.2 to 0.6.
5. S - The area of \u200b\u200bthe workpiece that is in contact with the abrasive, measured in square centimeters.
6. U - The speed of rotation of the abrasive, measured in meters per second.

When you calculate the required power of the electric drive of your future unit using the formula, you can safely begin to assemble the machine as a whole.

It's time to get acquainted with the design of a homemade machine. Blueprints all four types of equipment can be found freely for viewing and download, as well as download all kinds of a photo schemes. As an example for visual inspection, consider a belt sander.

Machine design and its diagrams

Any assembly of self-made equipment begins with the design of the bed or the foundation of the future machine tool equipment. This can be done with metal material or wood material. Typically, the following dimensions of the bed are used, 500 mm x 180 mm, while the thickness should be 2 cm.

After making the base, you can proceed to the next steps. The asynchronous motor can be installed in several places so that its work is complete. Prepare a plane on the bed itself or make a platform for the motor, which will be attached to the end of the bed. The other side of the bed is for the shaft, with the belt pulley and the abrasive belt rollers. The tape itself is installed with a slight slope. This is done so that the abrasive smoothly and accurately comes into contact with the workpiece plane being processed.

Tip: Before placing the abrasive strip on the rollers, a thin strip of rubber must be wound around them. This will reduce slipping of the strip during operation.

As we can see from the diagram and drawing, the construction of grinding equipment is quite simple. All varieties of these machines are assembled according to the same scheme.

Tip: In the process of assembling your future grinding unit, it is necessary to observe all the necessary dimensions, and also to calculate all the parameters must be extremely serious.

When the design is familiar to us, we can proceed to the assembly process.

Grinding machine assembly process

To assemble the grinding tool, the following items are required:

1. Wood board.
2. Wooden bars or metal profile pipe.
3. Ball bearings.
4. Electric motor.
5. Rubber strap.
6. Rubber belt.
7. Metal pulley.
8. Self-tapping screws, fasteners.
9. Abrasive element.
10. Working tool (drill, grinder, screwdriver, jigsaw, etc.).
11. Welding machine (if the frame structure consists entirely of metal).

After we have decided on the materials and working tools, we can start assembling all the parts and elements into one mechanism. For this, the frame is assembled. It can be metal (consist of a metal-profile pipe) or wood (consist of wooden bars and solid wood).

When the bed is ready

You can start installing the motor. The motor power must be at least 2.5 kW and no more than 3 kW, with the number of engine revolutions from 1200 to 1500 rpm. A belt pulley is installed on the motor shaft. The motor is installed on one side of the bed. Often motors use from washing machines used in everyday life.

On the other hand

A shaft with bearings is located, on one side of which a pulley is fixed, and on the other side a roller, an abrasive belt will be put on it in the future. The pulley shaft and motor must be in a level horizontal plane. The belt tensioning mechanism should be located in the same area.

Coming from wood

Either a rack is constructed from plywood or metal, on which the remaining rollers will be placed and an emery tape will be put on. There must also be a tensioning mechanism. In addition, the presence of a working bar is mandatory, against which the abrasive belt will friction.

On the bed, as a rule, from the end, a start button is installed. Electrical circuit the machine must be grounded.

After

Once everything is done, you can make the first launch and configure the equipment properly. When the setting is made, the first workpiece is run and the result of the work is checked. If everything succeeded, it means that you did everything right.

For visual clarity and a complete understanding of the entire assembly process, you can download video instructions.

General feedback and summing up

As a rule, there are only positive reviews about this type of equipment on the Internet. Indeed, when in everyday life it is necessary to give a particular wooden thing a smooth surface, the presence of grinding tools is indispensable.

Video reviews

Video review of a homemade grinding machine:

Video review of the choice of grinding equipment:

Video review of a belt sander:

Video review of eccentric sanders:

1. Materials for the assembly of the machine
2. Engine selection
3. Assembly of drums and tape
4. Build process

The main function of wood grinding machines is the finishing of natural materials using abrasive elements. Machines and devices of all types can have a wide range of possibilities and allow you to sharpen knives, grind decorative and furniture products, and also perform internal and external polishing of the workpiece.

Modern units are capable of ultra-fine polishing, which gives products a perfectly smooth surface... One of the advantages of such equipment is excellent performance and high efficiency both when performing a rough roughing process and during high-speed grinding.

In production, you can often find a gauge, disc and oscillating (spindle) type of grinding units. No less popular is the disc sander, belt grinder and a drum polisher. The kinematics of all grinding devices without exception, be it a calibration or polishing sample, is based on the rotation or movement of a wooden part along a straight or arc path and the simultaneous rotation of the working part of the unit, but this applies to stationary machines. If we mean hand tool, then here we are not talking about the movement of the workpiece, but only the grinding machine moves. Returning to stationary grinding machines for wood, we note that it is better to perform high-quality surface treatment of large-sized products on belt samples. Factory equipment is not cheap, so many owners of small home workshops are increasingly interested in how to make a belt sander on their own.

Belt unit design

To have an idea of \u200b\u200b\\ u200b \\ u200bthe manufacture of a grinding unit with an emery belt, you need to familiarize yourself with its design, which includes:

• an abrasive belt stretched horizontally or vertically on the bed;
• a pair of drums (leading and tension cylinders). In this case, the kinematics provides for the launch of the driving element by means of an electric drive that transmits torque by means of a belt drive;
• metal or wooden table, with the first option making it possible to work with more complex details;
• an electric motor with a capacity of at least 2.8 kW, due to which the sanding belt (emery) can move at a speed of 20 m / second;
• hood that removes wood dust.

There is a close relationship between the length of the working tool and the bed, as well as similar parameters of the workpieces that are to be processed on this unit. Each experienced master will confirm that working with the equipment is more comfortable if the processed wooden element is inferior in length to the working surface. A properly assembled homemade belt sander will allow you to easily level the surface and remove all errors, making it even and smooth. Also, tape units will quickly and efficiently remove old paint and varnish coatings, cope with the processing of edges and ends, grind curved shapes and polish a flat wooden piece of furniture.

Materials for the assembly of the machine

Many novice carpenters make a grinding machine from a drill, but we suggest creating an improved tool. Before assembling a belt sander with your own hands, you need to decide on the material for the manufacture of its main components. For example, the desktop is best made of thick metal, giving preference to overall dimensions canvases within 500x180x20 mm. We draw your attention to the fact that the larger the bed, the more functional it is and the more varied the details that are planned to be processed will be.

Table

Making a work surface looks like this:

1. Cut off one side of the metal sheet.
2. Markup is carried out.
3. Three holes are drilled at the end of the trimmed blade through which the working surface is bolted to the bed.

Engine selection

A homemade wood grinding machine is equipped with a motor, and in this case an electric drive from a washing machine is suitable, although you can pick up any motor with a power of about 2.8 kW, capable of an average of 1200-1500 rpm. The drive is tightly fixed in a stationary state to the bed.

Assembly of drums and tape

Now we have to make two drums for a surface grinding unit, for which we need a chipboard sheet, from which workpieces 200x200 mm are cut and a package with a diameter of 240 mm is assembled. After assembly, the structure is machined to a diameter of 200 mm. The master cylinder is mounted on the drive shaft, and it is he who will drive the abrasive material. The tensioning element is fixed around the axis of the bed on bearings.

Make sure that the tape can easily touch the table top, which is achieved by providing a bevel on the drum side.

When assembling drums, do not forget that their inner diameter must exceed the outer one by several millimeters. This is necessary to ensure that the tape is located in the middle of the cylinder and does not slip. Now we need a sanding belt, for which an abrasive emery material is suitable, cut into strips, and then glued together with a high-quality adhesive.

Drum-grinding unit

Just like industrial designs, household units can have different configurations, although, as noted earlier, their kinematic diagram and principle of operation are similar. Above, we told how to assemble a belt sander, and now we will find out what to make a homemade drum sander from.

In this case, instead of a stretched abrasive belt, the homemade product is supplied with a disk shaped like a drum, with the help of which wooden blanks are polished. As in the previous case, this simple type of aggregates is created quickly and without much difficulty, moreover, here we also do not need a complex diagram or tricky drawings.

Build process

When building a drum sander with your own hands, you can use an asynchronous motor from a washing machine, and in addition to it with old car remove pulleys, belt and useful electronic parts. Grinding drums are usually made from cylindrical blocks, wooden rings, cardboard or plastic pipe.

Starting to tinker with a grinding machine for wood, a segment equal to the length of the main grinding element is cut from the pipe so that it is slightly shorter than the rod, on which it will be fixed in the future. End caps are cut from a sheet of plywood, equal to the diameter of the pipe, with holes in the middle. The plugs are fixed in the end sides of the pipe with screws.

Now you can install the axle from the rod, fixed with reliable glue. The surface of the pipe is covered with rubber sheet, which will ensure a better fit of the workpiece. The emery cloth is spirally attached to the surface of the drum with a stapler, and the grinding drum is ready.

The body and working surface of the unit are made of wood or dense plywood... The movable part of the working table in front is attached to the adjusting screw, and sits on the hinges at the back. The engine is hung on the lower part of the housing, where a hole is made in advance, and the drum, made with your own hands, is attached to the upper part of the bed. The rod (axle) sits on both sides on bearings fixed to the side struts. At the final stage, the pulleys are installed on the axle and the belt drive is pulled. To consolidate the knowledge gained, we suggest watching the video.

Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of the final sanding of the finished product.

This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, and building elements (doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Grinding allows you to remove burrs, as well as give the wood a smoothness and shine.

Of course, sanding work can be done with a regular piece of sandpaper or a special drill bit or angle grinder. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the perfect shape of the product. Therefore, for such purposes, various grinding machines were created.

Most often, in domestic conditions and in small-scale production conditions, a drum grinder is used, the device, the principle of operation and the possibility of making it with our own hands, we will consider in this publication.

1 Drum sander - device, principle of operation

The drum sander gets its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the function of grinding.

In addition to grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give the wooden surface an ideal smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Drum sander or any other type allows you to fit wooden detail for the required sizes accurate to the millimeter.

This machine is used for finishing sanding and sizing of flat and long wood products, such as board surfaces made of wood, chipboard, fiberboard and others, doors, window sills, etc. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.

1.1 Main components

Drum sander for appearance and a set of basic components does not fundamentally differ from any other machine tools.

The basic configuration of such a device includes the following elements:

1. The bed is a part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
2. The motor has the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, wood drum grinders are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second drives the feed belt.
3. Grinding planer drum, on which the emery belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tensioning mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. The rotating drum with sanding belt directly gives the smoothness to the wood product.
4. Feed drum with conveyor belt. This part of the woodworking machine makes independent wiring of a wooden product on the grinding drum. Due to the flat surface of the conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum along its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the required dimensions.
5. A mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
6. Grinding drum fixing stands equipped with a ruler. The ruler and screw fixation on the racks allow you to set the required thickness for which the product should be fitted.
7. A safety guard covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
8. Dust and chip removal machine.

1.2 How it works

This grinder works like a drill. Its grinding part is rotated by a motor at a high speed - an average of 2000 rpm.

The grinder can have different weights, different sizes, the length of the grinding drum, the length and width of the conveyor belt, the maximum and minimum height of the drum, etc.

Choice technical parameters device depends on the features for which it was purchased.

After installing the machine, the grinding drum must be calibrated to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, a drum that is not centered will not be able to clean products evenly.

To do this, take two beams of the same height, install them on the feed belt, lower the drum on them and fix them in this position. Next, we set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part being ground.

We turn on the installation. For the first pass it is better to set the minimum speed of the feed belt, for the final - the maximum - 3 meters per minute.

The sanding drum should pick up speed, like a drill. After that we put wooden barto be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the bar under the drum is automatic.

We repeat this action the required number of times until our part comes into the desired shape and acquires the specified dimensions.

If the sides of the product have different size, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.

2 Varieties of machines

If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: the scope and the functions performed.

According to the field of application, machines are:

• cylindrical grinding machines. Designed for processing parts with a circular cross-section;
• surface grinders. Their task is to grind flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
• internal grinding. With the help of such mechanisms, the internal surfaces of the product are processed. Drills are often used for this purpose;
• specialized. Designed for the treatment of complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.

Different machines can perform different functions:

• trimming and stripping;
• sharpening;
• grinding.

2.1 Do-it-yourself drum machine

It is difficult to make a drum sander for untreated wood with your own hands, but it is quite possible.

To do this, we take a list of necessary elements and look for suitable material and spare parts.

And so, we need:

1. Stanina. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table is suitable, to which other elements of the machine can be screwed. It is better if the frame is metal. If you have to use wooden structure, it must be properly strengthened with your own hands.
2. 200-300 W electric motor. The frequency of revolutions should be 1500-2000 rpm. It is better if it is a single-phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, a mechanism from an old washing machine is suitable (in this case, we take pulleys with a belt from it), a drill, a grinder, etc.
3. Grinding drum for wood. This is perhaps the most important and most difficult part of the machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We will talk about how and what to make a homemade grinding drum with your own hands later.
4. Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and adjusts its height can be made of wooden beams. The mechanism that regulates the height can be made by hand in two versions. The first option is through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it only allows you to work with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws installed perpendicular to the drum. In this case, tightening the screws, we will be able to raise the grinding device, releasing - lowering. In the second version, it is possible to adjust the height with millimeter precision.

We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. It is possible, but not necessary. Submission to homemade machinesis usually done manually.

2.2 Making a drum

Before proceeding with the manufacture of the drum itself, you need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The fact is that the smaller the cylinder size, the easier and faster it will rotate with a drill motor.

To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the desired length and diameter. It can be a wooden bar with a round section, pVC pipe, metal pipe and much more.

We will consider a PVC pipe for making a drum with our own hands as a material.

1. We take the right-sized piece of plastic pipe. We also need a metal pin that acts as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs matching in diameter with the inner diameter of the pipe, self-tapping screws, rubber, glue.
2. We take the plugs and make holes in them that correspond in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
3. The holes in the plugs must be exactly centered. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will cause the machine to malfunction.
4. We put the plugs tightly into the pipe and fix them with self-tapping screws.
5. We insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axle should protrude 2-3 cm from the cylinder on each side. It is she who will act as an attachment to the adjusting racks.
6. We glue the rubber onto the drum. To her it will be easier to attach the sanding belt.

2.3 Assembling the machine

To assemble the machine you need:

1. Install the stands on the bed.
2. Attach the drum to them so that the lifting height can be adjusted.
3. Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
4. You can get to work.

2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)

Grinding equipment is used for finishing parts. The machine performs finishing technological operations in the manufacture of wood and metal products. A significant plus of such a device is the possibility of it self assembly... A home-made unit is somewhat inferior in performance to factory models, but it will cost much less.

Working principle and characteristics of the grinding machine

Grinding machines differ from each other in design and scope. general characteristics tool - a similar principle of operation. The working mechanism rotates and the abrasive material grinds the surface of the part.

When choosing ready-made equipment or making a machine with your own hands, you must take into account the main characteristics of such equipment:

1. Power. When using the machine at home, 400 watts is sufficient. To fulfill production tasks, high availability and performance of the unit will be required - at least 1 kW.
2. Rotation speed of the working mechanism. The grinding abrasive element performs up to 3000 revolutions per minute per minute. The higher the rotational speed, the better the processing quality. Experts recommend using units with an indicator of at least 500.
3. Processing area. This parameter is determined based on the application. The wider the drums or sanding belts, the larger the product will be able to sand.
4. Dimensions of the device. Dimensions - an important parameter, which largely depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe workshop or workshop. When self-made, the machine is designed so that after its installation there is enough space to place tools, blanks, consumables and other equipment.

Features of different grinders

Depending on the configuration of the abrasive unit, the following types of machines are distinguished.

Tape device - grinder. The machine is equipped with an abrasive belt, which wears out over time and requires periodic replacement. With the help of the unit, you can remove the rust layer from the metal, correct the dimensions of the product in some planes, clean and shape the wooden parts.

Positive sides of tape machines:

• versatility;
• small size and light weight;
• the possibility of self-production;
• adjustment of the length of the belt is provided, allowing you to perform grinding and polishing of products of different sizes.

Council. When equipping belt grinding equipment, it is better to choose graphite abrasives - they are the most wear-resistant.

Drum machine works like a drill. The grinding part of the device is rotated by the motor at a speed of about 2000 rpm. The main purpose is to calibrate flat long workpieces. The drum-type unit is more difficult to manufacture, but such a home-made wood sander will allow you to process slats, panel surfaces made of MDF, chipboard, veneer material and wood.

Disk device (dish machine). It is quite possible to assemble the unit yourself, since it has a simple device. Disk machines are characterized by the following features:

• compact dimensions and ease of use for household purposes;
• good performance with a powerful electric motor;
• the possibility of polishing cone-shaped, spherical and cylindrical blanks.

Combined grinding machine - combination of functions of surface and cylindrical grinding equipment. One device is equipped with a grinding wheel and an abrasive belt. This option is optimal for small workshops and the arrangement of garages, where the installation of two units at once is problematic.

Homemade belt sander

Belt type accessories

A homemade sander for metal or wood has the following design:

1. The bed is the base of the machine. The working base of the structure is usually made static - it is screwed to the floor. Sometimes the equipment is additionally equipped with wheels for ease of movement.
2. Working platform for the subsequent placement of the electric motor.
3. Electrical engine. Typically, the drive is mounted near a larger diameter drive roller.
4. Drive and driven idler roller. When self-manufacturing, you can use improvised materials from metal or wood high density... To prevent the tape from rolling off the shaft, the diameter of the central part of the roller must be made 2 mm less than from the edge. To prevent slipping of the tape on the drums, it is advisable to wind a thin layer of rubber.
5. The belt tensioning mechanism consists of a lever and a pressure spring. The lever is fixed to the bed and the driven idler roller.

Important! For processing steel or wood, paper or fabric belts are used. The width of the tape is 5-31 cm, the length is from 11 cm, the grain size is from R-80.

Manufacturing technology of the belt unit

Homemade belt sanders for wood or metal can be made from the following materials:

• an electric motor with a shaft rotation frequency of about 1300-1600 rpm;
• steel pipes at least 2 mm thick;
• corners with a section of 50 * 50 * 5, 25 * 20 * 1.5 - the quantity is determined by the dimensions of the equipment;
• magnetic stand for fixing metal blanks;
• bearing arrangements, ball screws;
• shafts for fastening the tape;
• rail guides.

Sequence of work:

The described type of machine is more suitable for grinding flat metal workpieces.

Homemade drum sander

Drum type equipment device

The drum sander belongs to the class of calibration models. The main element of the device is a sanding drum, which gives smoothness to wooden surfaces.

Elements of the basic configuration:

• bed;
• engine;
• planing drum with an emery belt;
• feed drum with conveyor belt;
• a mechanism for adjusting the drum speed;
• stands for fixing the position of the grinding drum;
• protective cover;
• dust extractor.

Homemade wood sander: blueprint

Step-by-step instructions for creating a machine

Stage 1. The choice of the electric motor. An old engine from washing machine... Remove pulleys, belt and electrical parts from equipment. It is desirable to give preference to an asynchronous single-phase electric motor of 200-300 W, 1500-2000 rpm.

Stage 2. Drum making. To create it, a PVC pipe, wooden rings and other improvised items are suitable. A PVC drum set is made as follows:

1. Cut a piece of the desired length from a plastic pipe with a diameter of 10 cm.
2. Prepare wood end caps with 2 cm center holes.
3. Fasten the end pieces to the pipe with screws.
4. Pass a steel rod 15-20 mm thick through the hole.
5. Glue a rubber sheet on top of the pipe.
6. Use a stapler to fix the sandpaper to the drum.

Stage 3. Preparation of the work table and bed. Make the body of wood:

1. "Cut" the wooden canvas on side panels (2 pcs.), Spacer, worktop parts (base and moving part).
2. Assemble and reinforce the structure with a cross member. The inner spacer will additionally support the adjustment screw.
3. To control the movement of the working surface, its movable element is fixed with a piano loop to the base. An adjusting screw is installed on the feed side of the workpiece.

Stage 4... The assembly is performed in the following sequence:

Stage 5.Fastening the protective cover and commissioning.

DIY grinding accessories

In addition to oversized machines, small ones can also be useful in everyday life. practical devices for polishing metal products or grinding some parts. Many of them are quite possible to do by hand.

Mini-grinder and "polishing" for metal

Home craftsmen and lovers of alterations will need a mini-grinder - the device is used for high-quality cleaning of surfaces before soldering. Required details can be taken from an old Soviet tape recorder.

Glue fine-grained sandpaper on a wooden round plate. This will be the working part of the grinder. To start the machine, you need a small motor with a shaft diameter of 1.5 mm and a button. Solder the start button to the electric motor.

A 7 V power adapter is suitable for power supply. One contact of the adapter is soldered to the switch foot, and the other to the motor. Pour hot melt glue on the soldered joints. After it dries, wrap the body with heat shrink or electrical tape. The final stage is fixing the working grinding element.

Homemade disc sander

A disc sander of low power is useful for turning small-sized wooden products. For the machine shown in the photo, a 90 W three-phase device was used, started through a capacitor. The engine with 2750 rpm is connected by a triangle with a starting capacitor and a reverse. The joints are soldered and shrink-wrapped.

The base is fixed on four steel rods - can be quickly installed and removed if necessary. A mandrel for M14 is attached to the shaft, it is possible to install different attachments from the grinder.

Safety precautions when working on homemade grinding equipment

When performing work on the machine, it is worth adhering to a number of rules that will help protect yourself and others from possible injuries:

1. Do not touch work surfaces and moving parts with your hands.
2. During work, protective goggles must be worn so that particles of hot scale and abrasive do not get into the eyes.
3. Before starting work, it is necessary to check the reliability of the fastening of the shafts, tape and disc.
4. It is important to monitor and check the integrity of the wire sheath. If the slightest malfunction is detected, work must be suspended.
5. A protective cover must be used. The element somewhat narrows the view, but greatly increases the level of safety.

Homemade vertical sander: video

Wood sanding is a mandatory procedure prior to finishing... To carry out the work, special machines are used, operating on a different principle and grinding material in different directions. However, the price of such devices is quite high. For home master it is not always advisable to purchase equipment that will be used from time to time. It is more correct to make a wood grinding machine with your own hands, which will be much cheaper and will allow you to get a completely effective device.

There are three main designs of wood grinding machines:

• Disk.
• Tape.

• Drum.

1-Disc Machine 2-Band Machine 3-Drum Machine

Disk machine is a rotating disc, on the plane of which an abrasive (sandpaper) is fixed. Grinding is carried out by applying the edges or side surfaces of the part to the disc, for which a table or support bar is installed approximately in the middle. This design is ideal for sanding straight or convex edges.

Belt type consists of two drums installed either vertically or horizontally. One of them is drive, the second is tension. The abrasive is a loop of sandpaper that is glued in a pattern. The loop is installed on both drums and pulled. After starting the engine, it forms a constantly moving abrasive strip. Grinding is done by pressing the tape to the surface of the part using a special clamp ("ironing"). It moves left and right, ensuring that the sandpaper is pressed against all areas of the treated surface.

Drum machine used for sanding concave edges. It is a rotating cylinder of a relatively small diameter (6-8 cm), on which the abrasive is installed.

The simplest designs are disc and drum. Making a band machine is much more difficult, but its efficiency is much higher. Such installations allow high-quality grinding of panels and parts of a large area, providing a high surface quality.

To install a tape machine in a workshop, you will need a large area, which must be taken into account when choosing a design.

Features and specifications

The main feature of wood grinding machines is a specific way of adjusting the quality of processing. It occurs by changing the grain size of the abrasive. Usually, the process begins with coarse-grain sandpaper, then its size is gradually reduced and the procedure is completed by grinding with fine sandpaper. In total, 2-3 shifts are used, but there may be more gradual methods.

The second feature is the way the abrasive is installed. If a pre-glued loop is installed on a tape machine, then a circle of sandpaper should be fixed to a plane on disk structures. The optimal way - the use of "Velcro", but the easiest way is to stick the abrasive on the adhesive or double-sided tape. The second method is simpler, but also more expensive.

Specifications each machine is slightly different from each other.

For disk installations:

• Working body diameter.

• Rotational speed.

For tape machines:

• Belt width.
• The size of the working base (the distance between the centers of the drive and tension drums).
• Loop speed.

• The range of movement of the desktop in the vertical and horizontal plane.
• The length of the blank for gluing the loop.

For drum machines:

• Working cylinder diameter.
• Cylinder height.

• Rotational speed.

All these parameters depend on the planned productivity, the size of the installations, the size of the processed parts. It is necessary to take into account the volume of expected work, the size of the parts, the specifics of processing.

Expert opinion

Levin Dmitry Konstantinovich

The cleaner the surface should be as a result of grinding, the better the machine should be made. Beats, irregularities and other flaws will cause the appearance of risks that can significantly impair the quality of processing.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of grinding machines include:

• The quality and speed of processing.
• High performance.
• The ability to obtain the surface of the desired roughness.
• The ability to process not only the wood itself, but also the preliminary sanding of the finishing layer.

The disadvantages are:

• Generation of a large amount of dust, requiring the organization of a dust removal system.
• Large quantities of consumables (abrasives) of several standard sizes.
• Difficulty in manufacturing and maintenance (this is especially true for tape installations).

Given the shortcomings, before starting the assembly, you need to decide how much the machine is needed. If it will be used only occasionally, it is impractical to waste time on manufacturing - you can get by with a hand tool.

DIY options

Consider ways to assemble different types of grinding machines:

Disk

The easiest way to create a disc machine is an electric drill mounted on a table with an installed grinding wheel. Other affordable option - manufacturing and installation of a grinding disc on a shaft circular saw... In this case, it is necessary to assemble a device to reduce the speed of rotation (a system of lowering pulleys or an electronic device).

If you need to make a machine "from scratch", you will have to assemble:

• Support platform with motor support.
• A stand or work table.

• Disc for abrasive installation with the ability to mount on the motor shaft.

Expert opinion

Levin Dmitry Konstantinovich

As a rule, plywood discs are made, which are mounted on the shaft using a coupling and a threaded fastener. This unit will have to be ordered from a turner. The height of the table should be such that the disk mount is below its plane.

Tape

To assemble such a grinding unit, you need to act in stages:

1. Assemble the bed. It consists of two pedestals on which a drive drum with an electric motor and a drive drum with a tensioner will be installed.
2. Connect the pedestals with a frame on which the working table will move (horizontally, perpendicular to the movement of the tape).
3. Assemble the work table lifting device for height adjustment when processing large parts.
4. Make a device for moving the "iron".
5. Make a protective casing and connect the dust extraction system pipe to it.
6. Assemble the electrical system for starting and stopping the machine (start button, automatic machine, etc.).

The greatest difficulty is the drums for installing the abrasive, the tensioning devices for them and the table lifting / lowering system. They will have to be partly ordered from a turner, partly assembled on site. It will hardly be possible to find ready-made knots, since they are very specific and rarely found on common mechanisms.

Drum machine

The most simple option will install the electric motor so that its shaft passes through the hole in the desktop. To do this, you need to assemble the bed in the form of a support platform with a stand and a vertical plate. Holes are made on it and an electric motor is attached. The drum is mounted on the shaft using a threaded mount. It is easiest to make it from wood, or use a piece from a plastic pipe for sewage. Sandpaper is wrapped around the drum and fixed with self-tapping screws or small nails.

In all cases, it is necessary to ensure a low speed of movement of the abrasive. It is necessary to choose electric motors with a number of revolutions not exceeding 1000. Belt machines are especially dangerous. At high travel speeds, the edge of the belt can cut any material and cause serious injury.

Material selection

At home, the easiest way to make a machine from wood. However, it should be borne in mind that it is lightweight and is not capable of absorbing the beats of the machine. Therefore, you will need high rigidity of the joints and strong fastening of the bed to the floor. Another option is a metal frame made of a corner, channel or I-beam.

Such a machine is more massive, heavier, vibration and beating will be more easily damped. However, you will need welding, cutting blanks and other actions with metal, which is not available to everyone. The final choice is determined by the capabilities and preferences of the owner.

Popular models of factory machines

Consider the most popular models of grinding machines:

Disc (poppet)

Jet JDS-12 220V

Stationary machine with a massive cast iron bed. Capable of dampening vibration or beating when they occur. Disc diameter - 30 cm. Engine speed - 1400 rpm. The table can be tilted from + 15 ° to -45 °.

Chinese disc sander. Compact type with 305mm disc diameter and 800W power. The base is made of cast iron. The working table has a slot for moving the stop with the possibility of turning at a certain angle to the disk.

Einhell TC-US 400

Combined type machine, combining disc and tape types. The diameter of the disc is 15 cm, the blank for gluing the loop is 914 x 100 mm. Belt speed - 276 mmin, drum rotation speed - 1400 rpm.

Tape

Jet EHVS-80

Vertical type machine (drum axes). The tape speed is 16 msec. Hinge blank - 116 x 2260 mm. Machine weight - 110 kg;

SHLPS-6M

Stationary sander with horizontal belt arrangement. The diameter of the pulleys is 34 cm. The maximum size of the workpiece during processing is 2.5 m long and 1 m wide. Table lifting height is up to 40 cm. Belt blank - 7470x160 mm. Weight - 670 kg.

Drum

Jet JBOS-5 220V

A drum machine that rotates the spindle with simultaneous reciprocating movement in vertical plane... Rotational speed - 1400 rpm, number of lifts - 30 pcs. The working table can be tilted up to 30 ° to the horizontal;

Proma BO-25 25000370

Compact grinder with 370 W power. Equipped with a 37 x 37 cm square work table that can be tilted up to 45 °. Spindle rotation speed - 1400 rpm. Machine weight - 35 kg.

The number of designs and models of grinding machines is constantly growing. New developments appear with increased capabilities and quality of processing. Manufacturers take into account the shortcomings of existing devices and produce more advanced, modified samples.

Care and maintenance

Grinding machines generate large amounts of dust. Powerful local extraction units are used to remove it. If they are turned off, the equipment cannot be used - this threatens the health of the employee. However, it is impossible to completely get rid of dust, therefore, after finishing work, you should immediately thoroughly clean the machine with an industrial vacuum cleaner and a brush.

The abrasive is replaced as soon as it fails or according to the technological processing conditions. To maintain productivity, you need to have a stock of ready-made discs with installed sandpaper, or glued sanding belts different types... They are stored in a closed cabinet so that dust does not accumulate and the surface of the tape does not deform.

Significant static electricity builds up during operation. To divert it, high-quality grounding is required. It is necessary to periodically check its condition and restore it if necessary.

Do you want to assemble a grinding machine yourself?

Of course!Not really

Let's sum up

A homemade sander requires ample workshop space and requires significant amounts of abrasive. When deciding on the independent manufacture of such a device, you should carefully weigh the need for this and your capabilities.

There are three types of construction:

• Disc machines... Easy to manufacture, can be made from a circular saw.
• Drum... Compact devices ideal for sanding concave workpieces.
• Tape... Able to grind surfaces, provide high surface quality. They are the most difficult to manufacture due to the large number of specific assemblies and parts.

The manufacture of the machine will require the use of certain tools and materials, the choice of which is determined by the capabilities of the owner. You will not be able to do it completely on your own, some units will have to be ordered from a turner. It is important to maintain a low speed of movement of the abrasive, so as not to create a risk of injury or destruction of workpieces.