Do-it-yourself spray booth with a water curtain. Thermal curtain with water heating. Stages of creating a spray booth

How does a spray water spray with a water curtain work?

The task of any spray booth is to ensure that the air in the spray zone is cleaned from spray mist and solvent vapors.

Water spray booths have several levels of air purification from paint.

Level 1- frontal water curtain - this visible part of the spray booth with a water curtain. A stream of water flows down it in a continuous and continuous stream. It must be uniform and completely cover the entire front area (surface) of the curtain.

Level 2 -internal air purification - perhaps here the main filtration and purification of air from paint waste is carried out. Depending on the design of the spray booth and the manufacturer, there are various systems internal air purification.

Level 3 - dry filtration - performs final air cleaning from the remaining paint particles and protects the fan blades from paint sticking. Depending on the manufacturer, dry filtration is carried out in Italian spray booths with a water curtain in Russian spray booths - in others, such as China, there is no filtration at all.

Below are the structure diagrams of Italian and Russian spray booths:

1) Scheme of water spray booth ZINCOVELO ZA Italy
2) Video of the work of the spray booth Italy

3) Scheme of a water spray booth made in Russia

4) Video of the operation of the painting chamber Russia (built into a clean room, an overpressure chamber)

2

The principle of operation of the spray booth with a water curtain is as follows.

When spraying the material, a paint mist is formed. The fan, which is installed on the roof of the spray booth, creates a vacuum and draws polluted air through the opening in the spray booth at the bottom of the front curtain.

Also, particles of paint and dust are deposited on the front front surface, which are captured and carried away in a continuous stream into the bath of the spray booth and settle in the water.

Polluted air, which got into the internal cavity of the spray water chamber with the air flow, is subjected to additional purification. In Italian paint booths there are several water cascades, in Russian paint booths it is filtered by an irrigation system. The air is cleaned from spray waste.

Final cleaning - dry filtration installed in front of the fans ( or )

Water spray booths can be of various modifications: with a floor, with side walls, without a floor and without walls. The choice of model depends on the technology of painting and the product, as well as the requirements for the quality of the coating.

Spray booths carry out the function of extracting and cleaning the air.

When creating a painting area, it is very important to ensure the correct microclimate in the spray zone (the desired temperature regime), as well as the incoming air must be free from dust and dirt, this allows to achieve excellent conditions for obtaining a high quality coating.

How does a spray water spray with a water curtain work?

The task of any spray booth is to ensure that the air in the spray zone is cleaned from spray mist and solvent vapors.

Water spray booths have several levels of air purification from paint.

Level 1- frontal water curtain - this visible part of the spray booth with a water curtain. A stream of water flows down it in a continuous and continuous stream. It must be uniform and completely cover the entire front area (surface) of the curtain.

Level 2 -internal air purification - perhaps here the main filtration and purification of air from paint waste is carried out. Depending on the design of the spray booth and the manufacturer, there are various systems for internal air purification.

Level 3 - dry filtration - performs final air cleaning from the remaining paint particles and protects the fan blades from paint sticking. Depending on the manufacturer, dry filtration is carried out in Italian spray booths with a water curtain in Russian spray booths - in others, such as China, there is no filtration at all.

Below are the structure diagrams of Italian and Russian spray booths:

1) Scheme of water spray booth ZINCOVELO ZA Italy
2) Video of the work of the spray booth Italy

3) Scheme of a water spray booth made in Russia

4) Video of the operation of the painting chamber Russia (built into a clean room, an overpressure chamber)

2

The principle of operation of the spray booth with a water curtain is as follows.

When spraying the material, a paint mist is formed. The fan, which is installed on the roof of the spray booth, creates a vacuum and draws polluted air through the opening in the spray booth at the bottom of the front curtain.

Also, particles of paint and dust are deposited on the front front surface, which are captured and carried away in a continuous stream into the bath of the spray booth and settle in the water.

Polluted air, which got into the internal cavity of the spray water chamber with the air flow, is subjected to additional purification. In Italian paint booths there are several water cascades, in Russian paint booths it is filtered by an irrigation system. The air is cleaned from spray waste.

Final cleaning - dry filtration installed in front of the fans ( or )

Water spray booths can be of various modifications: with a floor, with side walls, without a floor and without walls. The choice of model depends on the technology of painting and the product, as well as the requirements for the quality of the coating.

Spray booths carry out the function of extracting and cleaning the air.

When creating a painting area, it is very important to ensure the correct microclimate in the spray zone (the desired temperature regime), as well as the incoming air must be cleaned of dust and dirt, this will allow to achieve excellent conditions for obtaining a high quality coating.

Buying tools and furnishing a car painting room is a must and profitable investment. In this case, the main role is played by competent device premises. Floor, walls, ceiling, heating, ventilation, spray booth lighting, equipment - all components have a serious impact on the quality of work.

The production of spray booths offers a lot of ready-made solutions. The device of the complex for paint and varnish works meets all quality requirements. A modern expensive option is a spray booth with a water curtain for cleaning air masses from paint and solvent vapors.

You can save money by buying a dye box made in China and customizing it. For example, add a grate to the floor, improve the tightness. Or resort to independent redevelopment of the box, even for spray booths with a water curtain.

Stages of creating a spray booth

For homemade camera 2 types of premises are used - a garage and a trailer (change house). These options initially seem like a compromise solution. In fact, you will have to invest a lot of money for re-equipment. The process itself consists of several stages.

1. The chamber floor is created.
2. Wall and ceiling decoration.
3. Order and installation of doors.
4. Installation of ventilation, filtration systems (fans, filters, other equipment).
5. Heating of the spray booth.
6. Spray booth lighting (lamps).

Each stage requires high costs for equipment and materials, as well as a special approach to the construction project. The base (floor) of the chamber is made of concrete or steel. The best option is a podium floor with a lift for the hood. When choosing such a design, you need to take into account the maximum load weight. A concrete floor is a more economical replacement for a podium.

The surface of the walls is covered powder paint, insulated with non-combustible materials. If sandwich panels or stainless steel sheets were not used in the manufacture of walls, it is imperative to purchase liquid for spray booths. White paint is used for walls and ceiling.

Airtight doors should allow the painter to enter inside, but exclude strangers from entering.

Box ventilation and filtration systems

Installation of these systems is the most important stage in construction. Not only the quality of staining depends on their functioning, but also the health of painters working with harmful substances V closed space. Installation of ventilation is carried out in 2 ways.

1. Single-engine. The air mass coming from above under pressure brings the mist of paint out through the holes in the floor.
2. Twin-engine. The top motor pushes the air in, and the second (bottom) pulls it out. This method is the most efficient and costly.

Installation supply ventilation must be carried out in compliance with the basic requirement: air renewal must occur at least 8 times per 1 hour of operation. This must be taken into account when buying equipment and materials.

For effective ventilation, the box is equipped with filters. The equipment removes dust from the incoming air stream, as well as from paint particles at the exit from the chamber. Residues quickly accumulate, clog filtering equipment and slow down air exchange. Therefore, it needs to be changed regularly.

Dry filters and hydraulic filters (paint booths with a water curtain) are used to clean the air masses. Their principle of operation is to use water to precipitate solid particles.

Spray booths with a water curtain purify indoor air by 90% or more. The most expensive complexes provide a multi-level filtration system.

Heating and lighting of the spray booth

To ensure normal operation, the room is equipped with special equipment that regulates the temperature during painting and drying the car. For this, the following types of equipment are used:

• heat generators (electricity, gas, diesel) and air heat exchangers;
• IR heaters.

It is difficult to unequivocally answer the question of what to prefer in terms of price and cost of operation - it all depends on the conditions of use of the camera, power, traffic flow. Due to the fast drying time, infrared devices are used to service a large flow of cars, but are inferior to the first in drying quality.

The final stage of the box arrangement is the installation of the correct equipment that provides lighting in the spray booth. Properly selected fixtures, as well as their location, will allow the painter to choose the right color and monitor the uniform application of the coating to the car body.

Luminaires are placed along the perimeter of the walls and on the ceiling. Their number depends on the area, power of 1 piece, specific power. Portable lamps are used for low light.

Now popular LED lights due to low power consumption, no flicker. Some owners buy incandescent or fluorescent lamps to save money.

Strict observance of the rules is the only condition for the successful operation of a self-made paint and dry box. This process saves from 40% of the cost. At the same time, any mistake can lead to expensive consequences.

In most cases, the search for information about the device of the spray booth begins when the need arises in a professional room, i.e. when a person is already working with car enamels, but the current state of affairs does not suit him. In this case, the principle of operation of ventilation and air purification is generally clear, but to implement the idea with your own hands, specific drawings and diagrams are required. There are countless nuances and traps in this matter, but the main thing is the understanding of the processes of drying and coloring, knowledge of the basic requirements for temperature conditions.

In no case should you limit yourself to ready-made solutions: after considering several typical projects, you can select elements that you cannot refuse, add your own details to the project, etc. It is important to understand what is really necessary in a particular case, and what can be obtained for the allocated facilities. Some elements will probably have to be abandoned, but with an understanding of the basic processes, there is always an opportunity to save money.

Typical designs and principle of operation of the camera

The main requirement for the chamber is clean air of the required temperature. The idea is simple, but to achieve its implementation, given the commercial nature of the design, is quite problematic. The first thing to consider when designing is the required tinning speed. The design should provide for business development, which primarily refers to the ability to complement the premises of your own coloring room (or a separate workshop) and install more powerful equipment. The photo of this camera shows that painters have the opportunity to move around on lifts, but first of all, you should pay attention to the competent combination of lamps and ventilation grilles.

It is difficult to attach a workshop to the camera or to allocate a room for tinting, but it can be no less difficult to transfer equipment to its own power generators. The last condition directly relates to wiring, but space may also be required for welding machine(compressor). In terms of the volume of painting, there are two types of spray booth:

1. Industrial - available or in theory, rails and devices for lifting the machine and automating movement, hydraulic baskets and powerful welding machines.
2. Commercial - a box made of sheet iron or a brick block, starting equipment from a standard electrical network (in a rare case, welding power plants are used), the size rarely leaves the limits of 5x10m sufficient for painting passenger cars.

Painting procedures should be carried out in an atmosphere completely free from dust and insects. Beginning painters have to clean the room of dust with their own hands using rags and an artificial water curtain. However, the design of the chamber must include three stages of ventilation, the implementation of which is impossible without automation:

1. Initial air intake, filtration and heating of the room to room temperature.
2. Painting stage - continuous air injection and heating up to 25-30 ˚C.
3. Drying - circulation of air heated to 30-60 ˚C.

Air heating, ventilation and thermal insulation are parts of the equation that directly affect each other. It is impossible to change one of these elements without changing the other two. Improperly arranged insulation during the drying phase will require the elimination of continuously formed condensate. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate ventilation for both stages of painting indicated in this diagram.

Air filtration and distribution

In a proper spray booth, continuous complete air renewal should be carried out. Therefore, it is more logical to place the hood at the bottom, and the supply fan at the top. It is not correct to place air outlets just above the area to be painted, however, using a correctly oriented supply plenum, the principle of which is shown in this drawing, will allow you to better manage the space.

An adjustable gas burner connected during the drying phase can be used to heat the air. The heating element is located after the filter and fan, sometimes outside the pipe. In any case, the design of the paint room should provide for reliable insulation of the heater from explosive gases, so the air through the heater should move strictly in one direction, and blow through the attic space (pipes, plenums) at such a speed as to prevent reverse movement. When the fan is turned off, the operation of the heater must stop immediately. The location of the filter over the main area of ​​the ceiling implies a uniform distribution of air over the area, however, with a weak fan, it may simply not be enough - a preliminary calculation is important for determining the area of ​​\u200b\u200bgrids (plenums) and their location without the formation of turbulence zones.

The cleaning of the incoming air is carried out by several filters, while the filter coarse cleaning should be located before the fan, and the fine filter directly at the border of the box. As the latter, cotton filters are often used, which are sheet (roll) material placed on top of the ventilation grate. The longest service life is provided by pocket (cellular) filters that comply with the DIN 53438 standard (pre-filtration) of the European standard EN779 and DIN EN 779 (internal filter class F5). In the above drawing of the project, the primary filter is indicated by the number 2, and the air intake by the number 1.

Drying mode

Safety is the main condition for the development and assembly of the construction of the spray booth with your own hands. Therefore, ventilation performs two functions at once: the elimination of toxic gases and the purification of air from dust. Immediately after the end of the painting procedure, the maximum release of solvent vapors occurs. All types of enamels have their own distribution on the time scale of evaporation intensity, but in general, complete air purification takes only 10-20 minutes (otherwise, a matte layer forms on the surface of the enamel).

After the end of the painting procedure, the chamber is ventilated for some more time in the standard mode, but after that there is no direct need for clean air. In view of this fact and the cost of heating the room, an air recirculation system is used during drying, saving 40-50% of energy. To do this, the supply and exhaust ventilation are connected by a valve that allows 70-85% of the air to pass back. This drawing demonstrates the principle of operation, while it must be borne in mind that a renewal of 15-20% of the flow on each cycle is necessary even at the end of drying.

Paint Booth Materials

A frequent solution to the issue is the conversion of a domestic car into a chamber, but in this case it is difficult to organize the correct exhaust ventilation. The device of the box for painting at the design stage should provide for an underground hood (second floor, trenches) and an attic space for organizing air distribution. Having provided for this possibility when bookmarking concrete base in the future, you can easily transform the exhaust and inflow with your own hands already outside the room for painting work.

If the ceiling ventilation grill occupies less than 2/3 of the ceiling, then the ceiling must necessarily have slopes along the edges to eliminate dead zones. Most often, these slopes are combined with side lights. Exhaust ventilation should have less power, so the grate can occupy the entire floor or most of it, as seen in the photo of this spray booth.

Most amateurs have to look up to standard sizes garage "6 × 4", however, it should be noted that you will have to immediately "cut off" 20-40 cm from the ceiling to equip the supply ventilation. The walls are sheathed with sheet iron, between the wall and the galvanized steel, a mineral wool or other non-combustible insulation (minimum min. wool - 60 cm thick). If the project has an initial brickwork you can limit yourself to PVC panels, but it would be correct to use galvanized sheets, which are offered in the device of any professional paint boxes.

Spray booth with a water curtain»>A great business solution is to paint cars at home. But in order to be able to paint cars, there is little experience and equipment for painting, it is also necessary to have a room in which the painting of vehicles will be carried out. In organizations that deal with car painting, paint work has long been carried out in a chamber with a water curtain. It is no secret that such a device can be made with your own hands, only with some effort and spending a small amount of money to buy some equipment. You can buy a ready-made one, only its cost will be very high, and not everyone is ready to invest a large amount. In order to make a device with a water curtain with your own hands, you will also need some knowledge.

Spray booth with a water curtain is a closed room, which is made of stainless steel and has supply and exhaust ventilation. Such ventilation is created with the help of electric motors. The main part of the device is a heating element, which helps to heat the room to the required temperature and maintain it during painting work. The chamber also includes lighting, which must be distributed evenly over the entire area, and have sufficient luminous flux. It is best to place them not only on the ceiling of the room, but also on the side walls. The device also includes equipment for painting work, and other auxiliary tools.

Painting booth layout

Knowing what the spray booth consists of, you need to decide on the location where the arrangement will be made, and make a project, according to the location of the main structural elements. An excellent location for the construction of the device can serve as a garage, or build a new extension, which will take more time and, accordingly, finances. To make a device with your own hands, you will need structural elements from which it will be based, heating and ventilation systems, filtration and lighting.

Scheme of a spray booth with a water curtain

Making a painting chamber

Having made the layout, it is necessary to carry out all the technical calculations, and proceed with the installation work.
First of all, a new room is being built or a frame is being assembled inside the garage. The overall dimensions should be: length 10 meters, width 8 meters, height 3.5 meters. The spray booth, respectively, has a size: 4 meters wide and 6 long.

1. 1. Gate installation.
      It is best to use the gates insulated so that there is no suction and loss of warm air, the outside is sheathed with corrugated board. In the place of contact of the gate, it is insulated with a special adhesive tape. Places with cracks must be filled with mounting foam.
   2. Floor construction. The base of the floor is made of concrete, inside which a hole is made, and a metal pipe with a diameter of 150 mm is brought out into the street to drain air. A metal grate is laid on the floor over the entire surface of the room to a height of 15-20 cm.
   3. Walls. The walls are sheathed with corrugated board, and inside they are insulated, you can make a sandwich panel.
   4. Air exchange system. Components: two electric motors and metal pipes with diameters of 100 mm and 150 mm, respectively. For supply ventilation, an electric motor with a power of 5 kW is used, for exhaust ventilation at least 7 kW.
   5. Ceiling. It is made of a professional flooring, with a heater. Mounted in the ceiling metal carcass for air flow. An electric heater that will supply warm air to the room is installed on the street.

1. Air cleaning. It is carried out using filters and has a three-level purification.
   • 1 Level. A frontal water curtain is created, which is carried out by draining uniform water flows;
   • 2 Level. Cleaning the air inside the device. Promotes air filtration and purification from paint waste;
   • 3 Level. dry filtration. It contributes to the complete purification of air from paint particles and performs the function of protecting the fan from paint sticking.
2. Lighting. Mounted LED or fluorescent lamps on the ceiling and walls of the room.
   Automatic sensors for control and monitoring of the system of supply and exhaust fans and filters are also installed.
   Having mounted everything necessary for the water chamber, the equipment for painting is installed.

How the work is done

The electric heater pumps air from the atmosphere into the closed space of the room. Passing through the system, the air is cleaned by filters, each of which provides a certain purification.
The temperature in the room rises due to the work of the heaters. The painting process begins. Down on the floor, air begins to be sucked out of the chamber, with the help of an exhaust fan. Water curtains are installed in front of the highway, which help to retain paint particles. Here, the air passes through all three levels of purification, if such are pre-installed. By the same principle, cameras with a water curtain and factory production work.

Do-it-yourself positive aspects of the device

1. Free planning system.
2. Big savings.
3. The ability to save on all components.
4. The ability to use the main parts of the structure.

Device disadvantages

1. There may be inaccuracies in the calculations, or imperfections in the installation of the device.
2. It is not possible to automate the entire process, since the elements of the device consist of separate parts.
3. There are no guarantees for the performance of such a device.

Price

The cost of building a do-it-yourself water curtain chamber can take a long time, but it will cost about $4,000. You can buy a factory one from $20,000 and up. To start a business, the best option there is a do-it-yourself construction, which is much more profitable for a start-up business.