Production of pellets for pet toilets. Wood tray filler: from landfill to cat litter. Costs and profitability

There are several types of commercial litters for cat litter and rodent cages: organic, silica gel, clumping.

Organic fillers are made from sawdust, shavings, nutshells, corn cobs. Such fillers have good absorbency and low price (compared to other types of such products). They are environmentally friendly and absolutely harmless to animals.

For start-up entrepreneurs, it is most profitable to produce wood filler, which is wood pellets with a diameter of approximately 6-8 mm.

This material is made from environmentally friendly wood (usually pine) without the addition of any binding impurities and substances.

Porous granules actively absorb moisture and smell and are popular among pet owners. In pet stores, wood fillers, among all other types of similar products, occupy a leading position in terms of sales.

The production of wood fillers is one of the most promising areas for small businesses, characterized by high profitability and does not require large start-up capital.

The retail price of organic filler starts from 15-20 rubles/kg. Usually, the filler is packaged in packages from 5 kg (from 100-150 rubles / package).

In most cases, as part of such a filler - wood pellets. As a rule, wholesalers buy pellets in bulk at a price of 4-5 thousand rubles. per ton (4 rubles / kg), they are packed in bags and sold to retail chains.

Thus, only when purchasing pellets from the manufacturer and packaging them, you can achieve 100-150% profitability. Organization of own production will increase the volume of products sold and further reduce costs.

This will require the appropriate equipment. A line with a production capacity of 700 kg/hour costs between $70,000 and 90,000. A mini-line that produces about 100-150 kg of granulate per hour will cost $5,000. However, every three months some parts need to be replaced at a total cost of $600.

Sawdust of a certain moisture content (up to 16%) and fractions are used as raw materials. As a rule, for the production of pellets, it is preferable to take light coniferous wood, since hardwood retains moisture and smell worse.

As a bedding in cages for rodents, pellets from corn raw materials (stumps) are used. If the moisture content of the sawdust used in the production is higher than 16%, you will also need a $25,000 dryer, a crusher if the fraction of the purchased raw materials does not meet the requirements, as well as equipment for cooling and screening the pellets.

Finished products will need to be packed (preferably in packages weighing 2, 5, 10 and 36 kg), which will also require additional equipment costing from 150 thousand rubles. Branded packages (with a logo) will cost more than usual ones due to the payment for the designer's work, the manufacture of matrices and the use of paint.

Many manufacturers and wholesalers use simple transparent Zip Lock bags for packaging (from 1-1.5 rubles/piece) with stickers (cost from 30 kopecks/piece).

The main advantage of this type of production is the possibility of its placement in a small area. The production line requires an area of ​​about 50 square meters. m. There is also no need to rent large storage facilities - finished pellets are quite compact and bulky.

This type of product is not subject to mandatory certification. But if you plan to produce pellets not only for use as fillers, it is better to take care of obtaining the necessary certificates of conformity, which will take some time and require additional costs.

The main sales channels are pet stores, retail chains (super- and hypermarkets), nurseries. The wholesale price when purchasing directly from the manufacturer is on average 15 rubles/kg.

A small retail outlet (a stall in the market selling pet products) buys from 100 kg of fillers per month.

In addition, pellets can be used for other purposes. Since this material was originally intended for heating stoves, wood semi-finished products are used in everyday life as a cheap combustible material (in particular, for frying kebabs).

In addition, wood pellets can be sold through specialized gardening stores, as they often replace sawdust and are used to loosen and fertilize the soil.

If there is high competition among manufacturers of similar products in your city or region, it is better to think over the possibility of delivery to other regions from the very beginning.

Most often, manufacturers send pellets in batches of 20 thousand tons. Delivery of smaller lots is generally not profitable. The cost of delivery of the minimum lot is from 18 thousand rubles, depending on the region.

Profitability calculator for this business

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Pet owners generally do not regret financial resources to ensure proper care and maintenance of their pets. Among the huge variety of products presented by pet stores, an important place is occupied by litter for toilets. The main parameters that make them necessary, especially for cat owners in an apartment, are environmental friendliness and harmlessness of products, the ability to absorb all odors, as well as affordability. What is a cat litter business?

Despite the variety of types of filler itself, it is optimal to start the production of granular wood filler, where the diameter of the granules is approximately 5-8 millimeters. The advantage of the finished product is the absence of binding impurities when processing environmentally friendly wood, due to which moisture and smell are well absorbed. It is these pellet-pellet fillers that they prefer to purchase for their cats.

To start implementing this business idea, you need a small room with an area of ​​​​about 45-50 square meters. meters, special equipment, as well as sawdust, with a moisture content of not more than 16%. Granules made from coniferous light wood have better absorbent properties compared to other fractions.

From the equipment you will need a pelletizer, which can produce about 100-150 kg from sawdust per hour. finished products, the price of such a device starts from 140,000 rubles. However, there are also more powerful lines that can produce 600 kilograms per hour, but their cost is 5-6 times more than the average pelletizer.

You will also need a dryer, crusher and sieve, cooling equipment, all this will cost about one million rubles.

It is necessary to pack finished products in paper or plastic bags of different sizes. The minimum selling weight is 5 kilograms. Such a package will cost from 100 rubles. They must be issued by putting a color seal with the appropriate stamp. An alternative to such expenses is the sale of granules in transparent bags with stickers (Zip Lock), where the necessary data is located.

What can be combined with this business? Read - "", "" and "".

Finished products should be sold, first of all, to pet stores, supermarkets and other specialized pet supply stores. The average price per kilogram of filler is 15 rubles. It should be remembered that one small outlet sells more than 100 kilograms per month. Moreover, it is important to consider that it is unprofitable to supply batches of products less than 20 tons over long distances, which should be taken into account when organizing this business.

Do not forget that pellets are increasingly used in everyday life. Boilers working on pellets have appeared, they are used for shish kebabs, gardeners fertilize the soil with them. All these niches are still free in most Russian regions.

In this regard, the production of wood fillers is the most promising for developing your own business, because. does not require significant financial investments and is highly profitable.

Cunning marketers have long found out that people sometimes spend absolutely crazy money on their pets.

Haircuts and clothes, veterinarians and even cosmetologists (!) will not miss their chance to lighten the wallet of the owner of a cat or dog. And this is not to mention the breeders of thoroughbred animals, who, even more so, spend huge sums on their wards.

However, most of the townspeople do not reach this point, providing pets only with what is really necessary. For example, the production of cat litter never lacks orders from retail chains. In a word, if you intend to organize your business, but do not know what needs to be done for this, remember the needs of our smaller brothers.

What are the fillers?

Here are the types of cat litter: organic, gel and clumping varieties. The last two will probably not be of interest to an ordinary entrepreneur in our country, since raw materials and equipment for their production are expensive, and therefore the cost of the final product is such that demand for it will only be in large cities.

Characteristics of organic species

Therefore, we would recommend setting up the production of cat litter from the simplest organic fillers, which include only environmentally friendly raw materials. The latter circumstance, by the way, automatically exempts you from the mandatory certification of fillers.

They can be produced from sawdust, shavings or nutshells, as well as waste from corn processing. This raw material has an excellent ability to absorb moisture and odors, costs literally a penny, and is also completely safe for animal health.

Best Raw Material

If you are just starting to expand your production, then it is best to use ready-made wood pellets. Their diameter is about 6-8 mm. Usually they are made in huge quantities on the basis of wood processing enterprises, and pine and spruce wood is most often used as raw materials.

The fact is that this material not only actively absorbs biological fluids, but also has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect. Among all wood fillers for cat litter, spruce is the most practical solution. Since raw materials are cheap, sales of such fillers are growing every year.

Costs and profitability

Oddly enough, but it is the production of cat litter that has excellent profitability indicators, and also does not require a huge start-up capital. Most often, products are packaged in packages of five to ten kilograms, and the cost of one is about 120-200 rubles.

As we have already said, granules-pellets are used for its production. You can buy them at a price of about four rubles per kilogram. Thus, the initial profit will be at least 35 rubles per kilogram of finished products. That is why the manufacture of wood fillers for cat litter in last years has become so popular among even seasoned entrepreneurs.

In principle, by organizing the purchase of raw materials directly from its manufacturer, it is quite possible to achieve a profitability of 100-150%. If, however, to produce pellets, purchasing only sawdust or shavings at bargain prices, the profitability of the enterprise will become even greater.

Production technology

The production of cat litter itself includes the following technological steps:

• Preliminary drying of raw materials, which is then sent for crushing.
• Additional drying. At the exit, the raw material should have a moisture content of no more than 8-12%.
• Subsequent crushing of chips in a hammer mill.
• Humidification of the resulting raw material with steam (for its subsequent better bonding).
• Pressing into molds and cooling granules.
• Screening and packaging of finished products. By the way, bags for fillers can also be produced independently, since the cost of this process is low.

Equipment, its cost

Of course, for this you need the appropriate equipment. We recommend using the finished OGM 1/5 line at first. As raw materials, sawdust, shavings and dry peat can be laid there. The latter, by the way, makes the production of cat litter even cheaper.

The cost of such a line is about two million rubles. The most important element of the entire production is the granulator, but you still cannot do without other equipment.

Consider all the components of the line separately:

• Chip grinder - costs about 180 thousand rubles.
• A dryer for raw materials (depending on capacity and volume) can cost between 400 thousand and 2.5 million rubles.
• The simplest granulator costs about 50 thousand, but the most reliable and functional models are sold within 1.5 million. In the OGM-1/5 we examined, this constructive part costs about one million.
• The pellet cooler will cost 400 thousand.

Note that it is still worth paying special attention to the granulator. The fact is that such a line uses a fairly large and bulky model. In principle, it is possible to purchase a more compact and lighter version, which can be installed directly in the workshop of a woodworking enterprise. In addition, such equipment can be supplied in furniture shop, simultaneously producing another type of product.

As for packaging, it is best to take bags of 5, 10, 15 and 30 liters. We have already mentioned that you can produce them yourself.

The cost of equipment for this is about 150-200 thousand rubles. If you order packaging from third-party manufacturers, and even with the requirement to print your company logo on it, then this will ultimately cost much more.

In principle, a small production of wood fillers can successfully use the simplest Zip Lock bags (within a couple of rubles apiece). In this case, it is much cheaper to order labels with the company logo from a third-party printing company.

Sales, certification issues, etc.

The main advantage of the production of fillers is the fact that for this there is no need to rent a large room. In principle, all equipment for the production of cat litter can easily be placed on 50 square meters. There is also no need for any special storage conditions.

As we noted at the very beginning of the article, products of this type are not subject to mandatory certification. You can sell it both in specialized pet stores and in outlets with everyday goods. If we talk about wholesale prices, then on average they are 15 rubles per kg.

Additional production options

But that's not all the benefits! The fact is that wood pellets for fillers can be used in a completely different capacity. So, if you use larger presses for their molding, then they can be packaged and sold as fuel for barbecues and fireplaces.

On the contrary, if sawdust (necessarily hardwood) is crushed to the finest possible consistency, then the granules diverge perfectly among gardeners as an excellent tool for improving the mechanical properties of the soil.

Generally speaking, in large cities, these issues need to be thought out in advance, since competition can be quite intense, and therefore other types of products will help maintain profits.

The most favorite and popular among cats and their owners is wood filler. The demand for this product is due to its affordable cost, ease of use and effective characteristics. The filler perfectly absorbs odors, and therefore in the house in which fluffy pets live, no bad odor will be felt. Cats are so arranged that they like to have some kind of substance in their tray in which they could easily dig a hole. In addition, the contents of the toilet must please the little pet. As a rule, such a filler is loved by all animals without exception. Their owners are also delighted with the woody variety.

Types of wood fillers

Woody comes in two varieties: absorbent and clumping. The first option is granules made from crushed and compressed wood dust, which perfectly retains odor and absorbs moisture. High-quality filler is made from spruce and pine wood without the use of any additives. Such compounds have antiseptic qualities. Some companies use walnut shells instead of wood. Thanks to the introduction innovative technologies in the production of filler granules, they are cheap in cost, environmentally friendly and do not cause allergies.

The second type of filler (clumping) differs significantly from the absorbent option. If the previous option absorbs moisture with all the poured granules, then when using this type of filler, a lump forms. It is obtained in the place where moisture has got. This lump should be removed from the tray.

How to use the filler

Wood litter is usually poured about a three-centimeter layer into the cat's tray. This amount is needed for an ordinary deep toilet. If the accessory is equipped with a mesh, then you can reduce the layer to one centimeter. When solid excrement appears, they should be removed with a special spatula. If you begin to feel the emergence bad smell, it is recommended to replace the filler completely. To make it more comfortable for a cat or a cat to go to the tray, it is worth every time, after you have completely thrown away the filler, rinse the toilet under running water with soap.

Advantages of wood filler

Wood cat litters have only one drawback: they stick to the paws and fur of the animal. The pet further spreads these sawdust throughout the apartment. The rest of the tool consists of some advantages. Namely:

In addition, used litter from a completely healthy pet can be used as fertilizer after pre-composting. Such a tool can also be used for rodents that eat it with great pleasure.

Filler "Clean paws"

The modern domestic market offers a diverse selection of wood fillers made by many brands. The clean paws brand was the most successful. "Clean paws" is a wood filler that is produced to make life easier for people who have settled cats and cats in their homes. Thanks to special studies, it was found that the product of this label can be used all year round. In this case, there is no need to regularly replace the contents of the tray. It is only important to remove contaminants.

This is an incredibly beneficial filler. One package of it completely replaces four packages of a product of another brand. Due to the fact that excrement does not come into contact with air, this filler eliminates the smell in the best way.

Features of choice

The filler you have purchased may not please not only the cat, but also, in fact, its owner. If this happens, then this indicates that you bought low-quality products. Cheap filler will not retain odor, does not absorb moisture well and quickly disintegrates.

Therefore, when buying this or that filler, it is necessary to pay attention to the strength of the package and analyze well the information on the composition of the product. If the product is produced by a self-respecting brand, then the label will indicate what components the composition is made of, what rate of moisture it absorbs, and for which animals it is designed. If the package contains all these data, then you can safely purchase the filler.

People's opinions regarding the filler

Woody cat litter The reviews have been great for a long time. The owners who tried to use it once, no longer want to buy any other options. Moreover, the composition of wood is suitable not only for adult cats and cats, but also for small kittens. Therefore, there is no need to rack your brains over how to fill the animal's tray every time.

Equipment for the production of filler for toilets. Wood pellets - complex technological process. All businesses use the most modern equipment and advanced technologies to achieve the highest quality products.

Production of wood filler for cat litter

Production of cat litter There are currently several types of the most popular industrial cat litter, the main ones are: clumping, organic, silica gel. Organic fillers are considered the most environmentally friendly and safe; they are made from sawdust, shavings, nut shells, corn cobs and many other natural materials. Similar toilet fillers have a low price and good absorbency, including odors (compared to competing products). Most importantly, this filler is absolutely harmless to pets.

If you want to start your home business with this idea, then the best thing is to make wood cat litter (another name for pellets), which is wood pellets with an approximate diameter of 6-8 mm. This filler is made from wood, usually pine, without the addition of various kinds of chemical impurities, binders and ingredients.

Pellets - porous wood granules, carefully absorb moisture and bad smell, therefore, are very popular among owners of cats and other pets. For example, in pet stores, environmentally friendly wood litter among other types of litter occupies a leading position in terms of sales.

The production of wood fillers for toilets is a promising area for small businesses, the products are in high demand and profitability, and it is also important that a minimum start-up capital is required to start.

Pellets packed in bags, wood litter for cat litterOrganic wood litter has a retail price of about 15-20 rubles/kg. Usually it is packaged in packages from 5 kg. Wholesalers, as a rule, buy pellets (wood pellets) in large quantities, the price of a ton is approximately 4-5 thousand rubles. per ton, they are packaged in bags with a company logo and given to pet stores for sale.

It turns out that with the usual resale of pellets, buying them from the manufacturer and packing them into packages, you can achieve 120-180% profitability. And if you organize your own production of wood filler, you can increase the volume of products sold and significantly reduce costs.

For your own production of pellets, you will need the appropriate equipment. First, the line, with a production capacity of 700 kg/hour, will cost from 70 to 90 thousand dollars. Mini-line, it produces about 100-150 kg of pellets per hour, it will cost you 5 thousand dollars. However, keep in mind that every three months you will need to replace some spare parts, the total cost of which is approximately $600.

It is best to use sawdust with a moisture content of up to 16% and a small fraction as a raw material. For the manufacture of pellets, it is best to take light coniferous wood, because hardwood retains moisture and smell much worse.

This type production has an undeniable advantage - a small area for placement, you need about 50 square meters. m. Also, you do not need to rent a large storage space, because the finished wood pellets are quite compact.

Organic filler is not subject to mandatory certification at all. But if in the future you plan to produce pellets not only for use as a filler, it is better to issue the necessary certificates of conformity, which will require additional costs.

Today, the main sales channels for pellets are pet stores, hardware stores, various supermarkets and nurseries. A small retail outlet, such as a yard pet store, a stall in the market, and others, buys a month from one centner of this filler. In addition, wood pellets can be sold through gardening shops, as they are often used as a substitute for sawdust, to loosen the soil and fertilize it.

Also, wood pellets have many other purposes, it is actively used for heating barbecues and stoves, because these semi-finished wood products are high-quality and cheap combustible material.

Animals and care. wood litter for cat litter! If your region has high competition in this industry, it is important to consider the possibility of delivery to other cities and regions. Most often, pellets are sold to other regions in batches of 20 thousand tons, smaller volumes, as a rule, are not profitable. The cost of such a batch will cost 18 thousand rubles, it all depends on the region. This type of business is, of course, cost-effective and fairly easy to implement, but like any other undertaking, it requires not only an idea, but also active, deliberate actions.
Source: Biznes-Boom.ru

What do you know about cat litter?

Many people think that organic cat litter made from sawdust is preferable. They absorb moisture well, are harmless to animals, are environmentally friendly, and are also affordable.

In general, there are several types of cat litter on the market:
- organic,
- clumping
- silica gel.

But it is better to start your own production with granular wood filler (granule diameter - 6-8 millimeters). It's more profitable.

For the manufacture of pellets, environmentally friendly wood is used, in which binder impurities are not added.

The granules are porous, absorb moisture and odors well, and are in demand among pet owners. Sales statistics claim that it is these fillers that are most often bought.

The production of wood fillers is highly profitable, does not require large financial investments, and therefore is considered one of the most promising for small enterprises.

It is packaged in paper or plastic bags of 5 kilograms (price - from 100 rubles per bag), but you can also find packaging of a larger volume.

More often there are fillers consisting of granules-pellets. They are purchased in bulk at a price of 4,000 to 5,000 rubles per ton, then they are packaged in bags and delivered to retail outlets. Therefore, if you buy pellets from a manufacturer, bypassing intermediaries, you can achieve high profitability for your small business - up to 150 percent. If you organize your own production of pellets, you can not only increase the volume of the sold product, but also reduce costs.

Wood animal litter is stupidly compacted waste from carpentry and sold to us by the owners for good money.

This filler is produced using a similar technology with wooden briquettes that are used as fuel - pellets.

Pellets are made from such woodworking waste as cuttings, sawdust, slabs, shavings, etc. In the production of pellets, logging waste is also used: twisted trunks, small-sized and firewood, logs, tops and branches. Today Western Europe already uses granules from miscanthus - tall grass (ash content of about 3%). Pellets, which are produced by us, are made from sawdust, coniferous wood, and we do not add binders.
Raw materials for production

The raw material for the production of pellets can be peat, wood waste: bark, sawdust, wood chips and other logging waste, as well as waste Agriculture: corn waste, straw, cereal production waste, sunflower husks, etc.

Production technology

The production of pellets began in 1947. Raw materials (sawdust, bark, etc.) enter the crusher, where they are crushed to the state of flour. The resulting mass enters the dryer, from it - to the granulator press, where the wood flour is compressed into granules. Compression during pressing increases the temperature of the material, the lignin contained in the wood softens and sticks the particles together into dense cylinders. The production of one ton of pellets takes 4-5 cubic meters of wood waste.

If you really want to, you can make equipment with your own hands, ideas to draw from the Internet, upon request, a home-made granulator

Here is a photo of the main parts of the granulator

Homemade cat litter

Comments

Equipment for the production of filler for toilets. Wood pellets and briquettes are a complex technological process. All enterprises use the most modern equipment and advanced technologies to achieve the highest quality of their products. In production, selected raw materials are used, which go through several stages of processing. Before the wood pulp of Scandinavian pine turns into granules that can not only absorb liquids, but also deodorize the air, it goes through a multi-stage cycle of mechanical and thermal effects, as well as pressing. The company, which grew out of a small private business, has become one of the largest industries in Finland. Equipment for the production of pellets, which is equipped with production - one of the most advanced in the industry. Granulator - designed for the production of wood pellets (pellets), as well as for the production of combined feed (compound feed) for birds, fish, cattle, can be used both in household plots and for business. The granules come out dense and do not require additional drying. Productivity of installation is from 50 kg.chas. Includes 3 interchangeable nozzles.

Equipment for the production of wood pellets:

Technological granulation lines that process woodworking waste and the production of solid biofuels also require, like any equipment, Maintenance(THAT). You can also visualize the secondary actions of the processes that take place inside the granulation line. Some opinions of an experimental pellet miller and a foreman of one of the shifts at our pellet plant should be considered.

In the OGM-1.5 press, during a scheduled stop after opening the front cover, you must first of all look at the gaps between the matrix and the rollers. There should be no gaps, and if they are found, which is quite natural in the process of development or for any other reason, then they are subject to adjustment with special bolts.

You should make sure with your own eyes that the matrix is ​​not damaged. Such a result is possible if any foreign object made of metal gets into the equipment for the production of wood pellets.

You also need to pay attention to the rollers, which are in a stationary state, but on the other hand, take an active part in the granulation process, and, accordingly, they are under a huge load. If the roller becomes deformed, the roller should either be replaced or the damage repaired by turning its entire surface - one roller can be machined two or three times.

It is necessary to pay attention to the flags, sometimes it turns out that they just crack. The reason is overdried raw materials, or uneven supply of raw materials by the dispenser.

The next checkpoint is the oil pipeline, whether there is a seal failure, whether there are any microcracks. It is necessary to understand what huge loads occur inside the press, on this basis, you need to check all the bolts that can simply loosen. Packed pellets Airlock.

The sluice gate regulates the supply of raw materials to the air duct system in front of the dryer drum. The shutter must be cleaned at least once a week, in the form of a scheduled shutdown of the granulation line. In the photo, the shutter is already after a scheduled cleaning.

In the process of inspecting the shutter blades, after its operation for a week, a "snowball" is visible, only instead of snow, crushed wood pulp. Accordingly, the required amount of sawdust does not enter the dryer drum, which entails further deviations from normal operation. Hammer crusher.

Hammer crusher is designed to grind raw materials into smaller groups.

Crushers need to periodically change knives / hammers.

This is necessary for uniform wear of parts. This procedure is done every three to four weeks. The change of these elements depends on many factors, such as: the fraction of the raw material, its humidity. The attitude of service personnel to their duties plays a huge role. A lot depends on this: in particular, the life of the line as a whole, the number of unscheduled stops of equipment, the productivity and quality of the finished product (pellets).

The life of the granulation line, line breakdowns and adherence to the granulation technology are directly interrelated processes. If the raw material is too dry, the load on the press increases significantly, which leads to failure of the main elements of the press. Yes, and fuel pellets (pellets) in this case will not be of very high quality (short). In case of underdrying of raw materials, high-quality granules cannot be obtained either.

Toilet filler for cats and dogs - manufacturing

The invention relates to pet care products. Cat litter is made in the form of granules containing sorption components and functional additives. As sorption components, the filler contains a mixture of cellulose from waste paper and chalk, as a binder - glue based on carbomethylcellulose, and as an odor absorbing component - zeolite with the following ratio of components in wt.%: waste paper 50.0-90.0 ; carbomethylcellulose 3.0-10.0; zeolite 2.0-10.0; chalk - the rest. Moreover, the filler granules are made with a size of 3-6 mm and with a residual moisture content of 3-5%. The method of manufacturing cat litter includes preparation of raw materials, granulation and drying. These ingredients are used as raw materials. In this case, the waste paper is preliminarily crushed and soaked in an aqueous solution of carbomethylcellulose. Crushed chalk and zeolite are introduced into the resulting suspension in a given ratio with continuous stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Then, pressing is carried out with the removal of excess moisture and granulation with a granule size of 3-6 mm, followed by drying until a residual moisture content of 3-5%. EFFECT: inventions make it possible to simplify the method and reduce the cost of the filler. 2 n.p. f-ly, 2 tab.

The invention relates to pet care products, namely to litter boxes for cats living in a human dwelling, as well as to methods for producing such a litter.

Known peat filling toilets for cats and a method of its manufacture, made in the form of monofraction spherical granules with a diameter of 6-9 mm from peat with a degree of decomposition of 10-20% and a moisture content of 55-60%.

Peat filling is obtained by mechanical processing of high-moor milled peat and drying, additionally separated, dispersed and crushed to a particle size of 1.0-7.0 mm, after which it is poured to obtain monofraction spherical granules.

The disadvantage of this backfill and the method of its manufacture is the high flowability and the formation of a large amount of dust during its manufacture.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed filler is a well-known cat litter containing dry sawdust in the form of particles with a size of 1.8-4.2 mm in an amount of 85-95% and an insecticidal agent based on cypermethrin - the rest.

The disadvantage of such a filler is that sawdust does not have sufficient sorption properties due to the low porosity of the material, and that such a filler "sags" from wetting and does not absorb odors, sticks to the fur and paws of animals.

There is also known a method for manufacturing a filler for cats, in which a silica-containing rock is used as a feedstock - a flask with a content, wt.%: Fe2O3 - 1.2-3.7; Al2O3 - 3.9-11.4; MgO - 0.3-2.1; CaO - 1.2-13.1; SO3 - 0.1-0.8; SiO2 - the rest. The flask is crushed, crushed to a particle size of 0.5-7.0 mm and calcined at 300-350°C for 10-30 seconds, flavors and solid adsorbents are additionally added in the required amount.

The disadvantage of this method is the technological complexity due to the need to use special equipment for crushing and grinding rocks, as well as the need to calcinate the particles during high temperature.

The closest to the proposed method is known way production of toilet filler, including technologically interconnected operations of harvesting porous raw materials, drying, grinding, packaging and storage, moreover, natural compounds are used as porous raw materials, they are dried with a simultaneous violation of the integrity of the particles up to a size of 50 mm, which are then crushed with the selection of dust particles and fixations up to 20 mm, after regrinding, fractions up to 20 mm are packaged, porosity activators are introduced in the form of barium or chromium, copper and iron salts or their mixtures and packaged in small-volume packaging.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to use additional components in the form of salts of barium or chromium, copper and iron, which generally complicates the method and leads to an increase in the cost of production, as well as the formation of dust during technological operations of grinding and regrinding raw materials.

The technical result, which consists in eliminating the drawback of the known prototype filler, is achieved in the proposed litter box for cats, made in the form of granules containing sorption components and functional additives, in that the filler contains a mixture of waste paper cellulose and chalk as sorption components. , as a binder - glue based on carbomethylcellulose, and as a component that absorbs odor - zeolite with the following ratio of components in wt.%:

The technical result, which consists in simplifying and reducing the cost of the method through the use of cheap and affordable components with improved functional properties of the obtained filler, as well as due to the use of simple technology in its manufacture, is achieved in the proposed method for the manufacture of cat litter, including the preparation of raw materials, granulation and drying, in that waste paper cellulose, chalk, carbomethylcellulose and zeolite are used as feedstock with the following the ratio of components in wt.%:

waste paper 50.0-90.0
carbomethylcellulose 3.0-10.0
zeolite 2.0-10.0
chalk the rest

at the same time, the waste paper is crushed, soaked in an aqueous solution of carbomethycellulose, crushed chalk and zeolite are introduced into the resulting suspension in the specified ratio with continuous stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, then pressing is carried out to remove excess moisture and granulation with a granule size of 3-6 mm, followed by their drying up to a residual moisture content of 3-5%.

The proposed technical solution is also an increase in the consumer and operational properties of the filler.

The filler, made in the form of granules, has a porous structure due to the cellulose fibers of waste paper, while the stability of the filler is provided by carbomethylcellulose mixed with natural chalk. The components of the mixture in the process of obtaining the filler do not enter into chemical interaction with each other.

Since the method involves soaking the main component of the raw material - waste paper cellulose, dust formation is reduced, therefore, production conditions are improved.

The proposed method of manufacturing cat litter is as follows.
Pre-crushed waste paper is soaked in an aqueous solution of carbomethylcellulose, chalk in the form of powder and zeolite ( general formula M2 / nAl 2O3xSiO 2uH 2O, where M is an alkali and alkaline earth metal, n is the oxidation state) in the above ratio with continuous stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

Then, the obtained mixture is pressed with the removal of excess moisture and granulated by extrusion, i.e. by forcing the mixture through holes of a certain section in a screw extruder to obtain granules with a size of 3-6 mm and their subsequent drying to bring the residual moisture content to 3-5%.

At the same time, chemically unbound water is removed from the body of the granules, leaving behind free space- pores in the structure of the material. In the process of removing water, the material shrinks without changing its structure.

The above composition of the ingredients of the raw material in a given ratio provides best properties filler. All components only in combination with each other ensure the achievement of the specified technical result.

Consumer and physical properties of the filler are controlled in the technological process:

Volumetric weight is regulated by the formation of pores and the content of chalk in a mixture with waste paper, the method of molding;

The strength of the granules and resistance to soaking in case of excessive moisture are regulated by the percentage of carbomethylcellulose in the mixture of chalk and waste paper;

The size and external shape of the granules are provided by the molding (pressing) operations and the drying method;

The required content of residual moisture is achieved by holding time and temperature during drying;

Sorption properties are provided by the percentage in the solution of the mass of waste paper, carbomethylcellulose, water and chalk, which also affects the pore size and the wetted surface area of ​​the filler granules.

By changing the ratio of ingredients in the initial mixture, a filler is obtained with specified consumer and operational properties, taking into account the purpose, animal species, habitat, and corresponding to sanitary and consumer requirements.

The proposed filler is environmentally friendly and does not pose any harm to human and animal health; it can be widely used not only for pets, but also in dry closets for people, as well as an air dryer in wet rooms, for collecting and disposing of spills of oils and other chemically active and harmful substances.

In contact with the filler is not required additional measures caution and special conditions for use.
Contaminated and used filler is easily disposed of in the system of waste bins in urban areas, in dumps and dumps without disturbing the environment.

Claim

1. Cat litter made in the form of granules containing sorption components and functional additives, characterized in that the filler contains a mixture of waste paper cellulose and chalk as sorption components, glue based on carbomethylcellulose as a binder, and as an odor absorbing component, a zeolite with the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Waste paper 50.0-90.0
Carbomethylcellulose 3.0-10.0
Zeolite 2.0-10.0
Chalk Rest

moreover, the filler granules are made with a size of 3-6 mm and with a residual moisture content of 3-5%.

2. A method for the manufacture of cat litter, including preparation of raw materials, granulation and drying, characterized in that waste paper cellulose, chalk, carbomethylcellulose and zeolite are used as feedstock with the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Waste paper 50.0-90.0
Carbomethylcellulose 3.0-10.0
Zeolite 2.0-10.0
Chalk Rest

at the same time, the waste paper is crushed, soaked in an aqueous solution of carbomethylcellulose, crushed chalk and zeolite are introduced into the resulting suspension in the specified ratio with continuous stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, then pressing is carried out to remove excess moisture and granulation with a granule size of 3-6 mm, followed by their drying until a residual moisture content of 3-5% is reached.

"Wood pellets"

"Wood pellets" is a standardized cylindrical compacted product made from dried residual wood left in nature, such as milling cutter flour, shavings and forest wood residues. Wood pellets are produced without chemical fixatives under high pressure.
The length of the wood pellets is approximately 20-50 mm, the diameter is 4-10 mm. Production of pellets, wood fuel pellets - Wood fuel pellets are produced by pressing crushed wood (sawdust, shavings, chips) under high pressure without any additives and glue. Lignin is used as a binder, which is plasticized during granulation at high temperature. Therefore, pellets are an environmentally friendly product that differs from ordinary wood only in low humidity (pellets contain no more than 8% moisture instead of 30-50% moisture, which are contained in ordinary firewood) and higher density (pellets are about one and a half times denser than ordinary wood). ).

By appearance pellets resemble small cylinders with a diameter of 6-8 mm and a length of up to 50 mm. As a raw material for pellets, woodworking waste is usually used: sawdust, shavings, slabs, trimmings, etc. Also, in the production of wood fuel pellets, logging waste is processed: small-sized and firewood, tops, lumps, branches, twisted trunks, etc.

equipment +for the production of pellets wood pellets briquettes equipment wood pellets equipment +for the production of wood pellets