Belarusians are in second place in the world in terms of the number of divorces. What are we missing? How the average Belarusian family lives The average family in Belarus consists of
Sociologists are talking about the triple burden of Belarusian women in families. They, like men, go to work, run the house and household “on the second shift”, and also emotionally invest in the family and the affairs of each of its members: the work of a husband, the lessons of a son, and the love of a daughter. By the way, this is one of the reasons why Belarus is seriously considering the introduction of parental leave for fathers.
- domestic violence
Alas, most Belarusians are subject to it. 2/3 of our compatriots in the surveys admitted that at least once, but were subjected to domestic violence. Sexual and economic violence is more often experienced by women, but psychological violence is equally experienced by both men and women.
- Ignorance of the laws
This is the scourge of international unions. Fortunately, there are few such people in Belarus, only about 7% of our compatriots marry representatives of other states, and 80% of their chosen ones are citizens of the CIS.
However, in cases where marriage is concluded with representatives of far abroad, Belarusians often find themselves legally and culturally ready for the changes that await them.
Photo source: pexels.com
- Making marriages with "closed eyes"
Psychologist and Gestalt therapist Oksana Myasnikova spoke about her work experience.
Unmarried women often come to counseling with a question, already seeing and realizing the shortcomings of their partner, but they want, as it were, to marry him quickly, not to lose, and to “wipe”, remove, level out the shortcomings, and not pay attention to them. When you start digging with such a woman and realize that she may not reach marriage, and she begins to see this, then such a girl usually leaves counseling. She prefers to close her eyes and get married.
According to O. Myasnikova, most often such families are among those who get divorced after 1-4 years of marriage, in some cases, partners are held together by economic reasons and children.
Another variant of the development of events in such families is a co-dependent relationship in which one of the spouses has an addiction - alcohol, drugs, gambling.
And how are they?
In Kazakhstan plans to create a family support center where young couples can come before marriage and learn the basics of family life.
Local authorities believe that in this way they will be able to warn young people from divorce, because. they will better understand what marriage, family, what crises are, etc. An interesting fact: in Kazakhstan, men are more likely to seek psychological support in matters of family preservation than women. In the same place, psychologists note that when children are brought up in single-parent families, they, creating their own, often find themselves unable to resolve emerging bilateral conflicts, since they did not receive such experience in childhood.
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Photo source: website
Another Kazakh topic that has been actively discussed in society for many years is the permission or ban on polygamy. About half of young women support this idea and are ready to become a second or third wife for their husband. The other half are, as a rule, married ladies, against their husbands bringing someone else into the house.
in Kyrgyzstan in last years there is a trend towards early marriages. It is not uncommon for people to get married and get married at the age of 17-18. The divorce rate is also low - 6%. Recently, one of the local customs was legally abolished in the country, according to which young people could become spouses in a mosque, bypassing government agencies.
In Armenia family life is considered more stable than in many Western countries. And although divorces have become more frequent there in recent decades, taking this step is still considered unpopular and shameful in society, and being in the status of an unmarried or unmarried person is not prestigious.
Photo source: pexels.com
Family psychotherapists from Yerevan note that most often discord in families occurs due to sexual cooling of partners towards each other, jealousy towards career growth spouse, especially women, conflicts with teenage children, especially mothers with daughters, and interference in family life parents and other relatives.
Not so long ago, a proposal was considered in Armenia to attach family psychotherapists to family courts. Only after their work with couples who want to break up, the case could be taken to court.
In recent years, the age gap between spouses has also increased in Armenia.. Increasingly, young girls are marrying men 15-20 years older.
In Moldova note big influence Western trends on their culture and family traditions. This is a lot of abortions, and late-birth women, and the fall in the authority of parents, and migration.
A feature of Moldovan families is temporarily incomplete marriages, in which one of the parents goes to other countries to work. Often, after a few months of the absence of a spouse, such marriages begin to burst at the seams.
Photo source: pexels.com
In addition, children especially suffer in them, whom mothers forced to earn money leave to grandmothers or other relatives who are not very prepared for raising children.
Irina Latvian
Are there many divorces among married couples in your environment?
For twenty years our country Belarus independently and independently follows the path of its formation. Over the years, a new generation of people has grown up who already have different views on family and family values. They have a different understanding of the meaning and importance of marriage than their fathers and mothers. So what is she modern family V Belarus? What does she see for herself and her children? What difficulties do they face and what problems do they solve?
A young couple, average age from 23 to 27 years old, one or two children, both work. This is a portrait of an ordinary families practically in any CIS country. Belarus here is no exception. After the collapse of the USSR, there was a slight trend towards a kind of Europeanization of family life. Trying to be Western families led to a reorientation of family relationships. The role of money in such families has become dominant. And the rather difficult economic situation in the mid-90s and subsequent years did not allow family in Belarus become a full-fledged European family. However, this is hardly necessary. At the same time, the increase in marriages under the age of 25 has decreased. Yes, people started getting married later. However, the divorce rate of such marriages is relatively low. There are 40-43 divorces per 100 marriages. People are more conscious and thoughtful approach to creating a family.
Became very common families with one child. Here the Belarusian family also began to resemble the European one. Despite the state program on support and assistance to large families families in Belarus, concessional lending for the construction of housing, medical care, childbearing in the country is steadily falling. According to Belstat, in 2006 the number of births was 85.6 thousand people, and in 1990 - 142.2 thousand people. Here, economic, psychological, and social factors played their role. Also, quite a lot of Belarusian women began to give birth in an unregistered marriage. Either the fathers are lost, or the couples do not want to register their relationship. In a different way, in general.
And yet there is a trend. Very little attention contemporary the Belarusian family began to pay attention to their health. Whether medicine has risen in price or there is not enough time ... More and more often you can meet mothers walking with strollers and smoking cigarettes one by one. No, of course, everyone decides for their own health, only then it's too late. For the child, first of all. And how nice it is to see a married couple skiing outside the city in winter. Quite another matter! Although in general active sports in modern Belarus very popular.
I would also like to mention the role of fathers. They work a lot, sometimes they go to construction sites for big money, solve their problems and often get away from problems in family. A single mother after a divorce is a fairly typical phenomenon for modern Belarus. Every fifth woman under the age of 30 is divorced and has a child. Every third of this number remarries.
But don't exaggerate. Modern family in Belarus- it's in more responsible, loving and caring cell of society. And priority should be given to such families. After all, not family for the state, and the state for families. Is not it?
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Number of families by type (according to population censuses) (p. 21)
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The statistical collection presents the main socio-economic indicators that characterize various aspects of the quality of life of households and their members: employment and the level of cash income, expenditures and consumption, housing conditions, education, physical culture and sports.
When preparing the collection, data obtained by state statistical bodies in the course of state statistical surveys, population censuses, and sample surveys of households were used.
According to the main indicators, the statistical data in the collection are presented by regions and the city of Minsk.
Brief methodological explanations are given for individual statistical indicators at the beginning of each section.
The data are presented in dynamics for 2010-2016. Data for 2016 are in some cases preliminary and may be updated in subsequent editions.
This publication is intended for senior management personnel, employees of management bodies and financial and economic services of organizations, researchers, faculty, graduate students and university students, and other interested users.
1. Demographic characteristics of households
1.1. Household population of the Republic of Belarus
1.2. Structure of private households by size
1.3. Types and size of private households.
1.4. Dynamics of the number of private households by types
1.5. Private households with children under the age of 18, by number of children
1.6. Private households consisting of two or more people, by the number of children in them
1.7. Average family size
1.8. Number of families by type
1.9. Characteristics of families by type, size and number of children under 18
2. Marriages and divorces
2.1. Population by sex and age groups
2.2. The ratio of the number of men and women as of January 1, 2017 (chart)
2.3. Distribution of men and women aged 15 and over by marital status
2.4. Distribution of men and women aged 15 years and older by marital status by regions and Minsk city
2.5. Marriages, divorces and overall marriage and divorce rates
2.6. Marriages and divorces by regions and Minsk
2.7. Marriages by age of the bride and groom
2.8. Number of people married by previous marital status
2.9. The number of people who got married according to the previous marital status by regions and the city of Minsk
2.10. Average age of marriage
2.11. Divorces by age former spouses
Divorces by age of former spouses
2.12. Divorces by the duration of a divorced marriage
2.13. Divorced marriages by the number of common children by regions and Minsk
3. Fertility, mortality and population health
3.1. Birth, death and natural population growth
3.2. Live births by birth order
3.3. Live births by mother's age and birth order
3.4. Live births to unmarried women
3.5. Live births by age and marital status of the mother by regions and Minsk city
3.6. Average age of mother at birth
3.7. Age-specific fertility rates and total fertility rate
3.8. Age-specific fertility rates by regions and Minsk city
3.9. Childbirth and termination of pregnancy (abortion)
3.10. Termination of pregnancy (abortion) by age group of women
3.11. Use of female contraception
3.12. Life expectancy at birth by regions and Minsk city
3.13. Morbidity of the population by main groups of diseases
3.14. Smoking population
3.15. Smoking population aged 16 years and older by regions and Minsk city
3.16. Distribution of households with children by number of smoking members
3.17. Subjective assessment by the population of the state of their health by regions and the city of Minsk
4. Employment
4.1. Employed population by sex
4.2. Distribution of the employed population and the unemployed by marital status and gender in 2016
4.3. Registered unemployment rate by regions and Minsk city
4.4. The number of unemployed registered with the bodies for labor, employment and social protection, by regions and the city of Minsk
4.5. Nominal accrued average wages of employees by gender, regions and Minsk city in December
4.6. Nominal and real accrued average monthly wages by regions and the city of Minsk
5. Income, expenditure and consumption of households
5.1. Disposable resources in households with different composition
5.2. Structure of disposable resources in households with different composition in 2016
5.3. Structure of household disposable resources by regions and Minsk city
5.4. Cash expenditures of households with different composition
5.5. Cash expenditures of households by regions and Minsk
5.6. Structure of household cash expenditures by regions and Minsk city
5.7. Household consumer spending
5.8. Food consumption in households with different composition
5.9. Availability of durable items in households
5.10. Availability of durable goods in households with different composition
5.11. Availability of durable items in households by regions and Minsk
6. Living conditions
6.1. Housing stock
6.2. Provision of the population with housing by regions and the city of Minsk
6.3. Distribution of households by the number of living rooms and the size of the total area of housing
6.4. Distribution of households by the size of the total area occupied by housing
6.5. Characteristics of residential apartments by number of rooms
6.6. The number of residential apartments by regions and Minsk city at the end of 2016
6.7. Improving the living conditions of the population
6.8. Improving the living conditions of the population by regions and the city of Minsk in 2016
6.9. Commissioning of individual residential buildings by regions and Minsk
6.10. Improvement of occupied housing of households in 2017
6.11. Household satisfaction living conditions
6.12. Households accessing the Internet from a home computer
7. Education, parenting, leisure
7.1. Institutions preschool education
7.2. Institutions of general secondary education
7.3. Institutions of special education implementing educational programs of special education at the level of general secondary education
7.4. Institutions additional education children and youth
7.5. Vocational education institutions
7.6. Institutions of secondary specialized education
7.7. Institutions higher education
7.8. Sanatorium-resort, health-improving organizations and other specialized accommodation facilities
7.9. Summer health camps 97
7.10. The number of physical culture and sports facilities by regions and the city of Minsk in 2016
7.11. Population aged 16 years and older engaged in physical culture and sports by regions and Minsk city
7.12. Population engaged in physical culture and sports
8. Social support and social services
8.1. Social payments to the population
8.2. Expenses of the Social Protection Fund of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Republic of Belarus
8.3. Minimum social guarantees
8.4. State targeted social assistance in 2016
8.5. State targeted social assistance by regions and the city of Minsk in 2016
8.6. Households reporting benefits and payments
8.7. Households that reported the availability of benefits and payments, by regions and Minsk city in 2016
8.8. Basic indicators pension provision
8.9. The number of pensioners registered with the labor, employment and social protection authorities, and the average size pensions assigned to them by types of pension provision
8.10. Children's residential institutions
8.11. Disabled children and boarding schools for disabled children
8.12. Information about orphans and children left without parental care
9. Poor households
9.1. living wage budget
9.2. Ratio of per capita disposable resources to the subsistence minimum budget in households with different composition
9.3. Household poverty rate
9.4. Composition of disposable resources of low-income households
9.5. Composition of cash expenditures of low-income households
9.6. Availability of durable goods in low-income households
9.7. Distribution of low-income households by the number of living rooms and the size of the total area of housing
9.8. Distribution of low-income households by type of housing occupied
Today we will talk about the family, about its significance for every Belarusian, about what changes it has undergone over time. Perhaps we understand the meaning and importance of marriage differently than our forefathers and foremothers. And if otherwise, then this does not mean that it is worse?
What did the traditional Belarusian family value?
WITH For Belarusians, from time immemorial, the family has been the basis of not only everyday life, but also of all life, and special attention has always been paid to raising a child in the family, as the successor of the family. At the head of the family was the father - "father" (a Belarusian word that has not yet lost its general distribution and use), who was a protector and breadwinner. A woman has always walked hand in hand with her husband, but at the same time obeyed her husband. She also performed her part of the duties - the manager and mistress, a caring mother and a patient keeper of the hearth. Large families were revered in Belarusian families. It was believed that the more children a woman gives birth to, the happier the whole family will be. In the first years of life, a lot of attention was paid to the baby, the mother carefully looked after him, protected him from troubles and illnesses. The child grew up in the care and attention of all relatives, they sang songs to him, told fairy tales, nursery rhymes. At the same time, children could hardly be called spoiled and pampered, since the upbringing in the Belarusian family was approached strictly, with certain requirements. Parents by personal example taught diligence, patience and respect for elders. AND An interesting fact: the division of duties by gender was reflected in the life of Belarusians - metal and wooden products were called “male”, and wicker and fabric products were called “female”. I must say that Belarusians have always appreciated natural materials, and their clothes cannot be confused with any other. Geographic location and natural conditions played a huge role here. Linen, which grew on the Belarusian lands, was of high value. Returning to the topic of raising children, it is worth noting that the attitude towards all children was the same, most of the time they were under the care of their mother. The authority of the older generation is a separate issue, it was indisputable. They listened to grandparents, tried to please, and only addressed “You” when talking. In general, for the Belarusians, the family was the main wealth that a person can possess.
What now?
After all, so many generations of people have grown up, so many events have happened, and it is not surprising that views on the family and family values have slightly changed. So what is it like, a modern family in Belarus? What are the priorities? What challenges does it face and what problems does it solve?
M young couple, average age 23 to 27, one or two children, both working. This is a portrait of an ordinary family in almost any CIS country. And modern Belarus is no exception. After the collapse Soviet Union there has been a trend towards a kind of Europeanization of the family. Attempts to be like Western families lead to reorientation family relations. The financial component has become dominant. However, the difficult economic situation in the mid-90s and subsequent years did not allow the Belarusian family to become a full-fledged European family. However, this is hardly necessary.
Evolution in the Belarusian family
According to statistics, the growth in marriage of young people under the age of 25 has significantly decreased. Divorce rates, however, are relatively low in such marriages. This is due to the fact that people are more conscious and thoughtful approach to< зданию семьи, а так же имеют уже в своем роде небольшой опыт построения отношений с противоположным полом. Развод стал довольно характерным явлением для современной Беларуси. По статистике, каждая пятая женщина в возрасте до 30 лет разведена, имея при этом ребёнка. Каждая третья из этого количества повторно выходит замуж. Если сравнить общее количество браков и разводов в 1995 и 2017 годах в республике, то соотношение следующее: 1995 г.– 77 027 (брак) и 42 119 (развод), 2017 г. – 66 215 (брак) и 32 006 (развод). В «эпоху гендерного равенства» женщина не уступает в правах мужчине. В тяжёлых жизненных ситуациях она, наоборот, берёт на себя бремя ответственности за свою семью. Не обойти и роль отцов в modern world. They, as before, work hard, sometimes go to other countries to work, solve the problems of their family in every possible way ... But they often avoid problems in the family. A problem that is not familiar to the Belarusian family in the past is a single mother after a divorce.
But what about having many children?
IN Unlike traditional Belarusian families, families with one child have become common. In this, the Belarusian family also began to resemble the European one. Despite the state program on support and assistance to large families in Belarus, concessional lending for housing construction, medical care, childbearing in the country is steadily declining ... Economic, psychological and social factors have played their role. According to the results of numerous surveys, modern Belarusian parents, having one child in the family, would like to have one or two more children in the future, which indicates that the commitment to more children in the family remains. Also, quite a lot of Belarusian women began to give birth in an unregistered marriage. In one of her speeches, the Chairman of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection noted that “unregistered unions remain popular, especially among young people. The importance of marriage increases when a couple decides to have a child.” 
The upbringing of children in the modern world is still given importance. Children diversify from infancy. Mother and father are loving and caring parents. Education plays a decisive role. But in the conditions of the city labor education of children has become problematic. In addition, domestic work is no longer so categorically divided into male and female. The role of the older generation in the family is growing. At the same time, in society, unfortunately, traditional values are being revised today. Examples of disrespect for elders, indifference to elderly parents have become commonplace ... At the same time, such concepts as “dysfunctional families”, “foster families”, “difficult teenagers”, “juvenile delinquency” appeared (for more details - in the next issues of the newspaper).
WITH urbanization and all great care from natural products nutrition, the modern Belarusian family began to pay very little attention to their health. Unfortunately, more and more often you can meet mothers walking with strollers, smoking a cigarette. In contrast, it's nice to see a married couple leading healthy lifestyle life. Quite another matter! Although in general leisure and sport in modern Belarus is very popular.
From the author. The modern family in Belarus is, to a greater extent, a responsible, loving and caring unit of society. And how many worthy examples of families that have gone through difficulties, but retained love and respect for each other; large families; who raised honorary citizens of the country, etc. And the bet should be made precisely on such families. They are worth looking up to. Especially with the current scrupulous approach of the state to family policy, when not the family for the state, but the state for the family. Is not it?
Murat ANNAMURADOV.
Last year, the average metropolitan family was richer than the average republican by 350 rubles (or $180). According to Belstat, in 2017, the disposable resources of households in the capital amounted to 1,396.9 rubles per month. On average in Belarus, this indicator was at the level of 1,043.5 rubles. However, the gap in living standards between Minsk and the country is gradually narrowing. FINANCE.TUT.BY looked at what families lived and spent money on in the capital in particular and in the country as a whole in recent years.
10 years ago, a family in the capital had $230 more “for life” than an average Belarusian
Available resources - cash households, the cost of consumed food products produced in personal subsidiary plots, minus the material costs of their production and the value of benefits and payments received in kind.
Money "for life" - this is the so-called disposable resources. Minsk residents have traditionally been richer than other residents of the country. In the capital, salaries are higher and there are more opportunities for part-time jobs. But gradually the gap is reduced, although it still remains quite noticeable.
It is also impressive that, in dollar terms, the standard of living has not yet returned to what it was in 2008. This applies to the whole of Belarus, and Minsk in particular. But Minsk residents are more actively reclaiming their former positions. And in 2016, economic turmoil did significantly reduce the standard of living.
Life up to 150 rubles a month: there are 9 times more such people in the country than in the capital
The stratification between the capital and the regions is well shown by the Belstat data on the distribution of the population by the level of per capita disposable resources.
For example, those who live on an amount of up to 150 rubles a month in Minsk make up only 0.2% of the total population of the city. In the country, this figure is 9 times higher (1.8%).
At the same time, in Minsk, those who have at their disposal more than 800 rubles a month, 14%, on average in the republic - 6.5%.
Screenshot from the Belstat website. Click to enlarge On the whole, according to household survey data, it turns out that in Belarus last year 73.5% of citizens lived in families where, on average, up to 500 rubles per person per month. In Minsk, there are 52.1% of such people.
The dynamics is positive - for comparison, in 2015, 81.2% of the population of Belarus had an average per capita income of up to 500 denominated rubles per month, in Minsk - 61.7%.
In the capital, spending on food remained at the level of 10 years ago
The share of spending on food (this includes buying food in stores and catering) is one of the indicators that characterize the standard of living in the country. It is believed that the richer the economy, the higher the income of the population and the more other expenses citizens can afford.
In the country as a whole, the share of spending on food is declining. The highest it was in the very distant 1995. Back then, 62% of consumer spending was spent on bread and butter. The best year was 2010, when families left 39% of all consumer spending in shops and catering. We have not yet been able to return to this indicator.
In Minsk, food accounts for a smaller share of consumer spending. This can be explained primarily by the difference in the amount of income, which allows residents of the capital to think about other expenses. This affects both price diversity and competition between retail chains, which, in the struggle for buyers, constantly arrange promotions and sales.
On the other hand, the availability and variety of choices do not allow Minsk residents to significantly reduce the cost of going to grocery stores or catering. Data different years say that now in the capital the share of expenditures on food is almost the same as 10 years ago. In the country, during this time, this indicator has slightly decreased.
Communal: the share of spending is slightly more than 10 years ago
Another one significant article expenses of all Belarusians - the cost of a communal apartment. Here's what the situation looks like over the years.
As we can see, conditional fat now occupies a slightly larger share of consumer spending than it did 10 years ago. This applies to both residents of the capital and regions. In 2015, the growing incomes of the population made it possible to reduce the share of communal apartments. But then the fall in wages and the growth of tariffs for housing and communal services returned everything to its previous level. Once again, the thesis that the rise in the price of communal apartments hits the poor more strongly is confirmed: the share of consumer spending by families “for fat” in Minsk is always lower than in Belarus.
Transportation and personal car spending: less than 10 years ago, but more than a year ago
The situation with public transport is as follows: Minskers spend a larger share of their expenses on “travel tickets” than the average Belarusian. But this does not mean that in other cities they go “hare”: just small settlements allow people to do without public transport at all, and the prices for it are lower in the regions. By the way, for both of them, the share of travel expenses has decreased over 10 years.
But what about the cost of buying personal cars and their maintenance. Here the Minskers are also in the lead. But both in the capital's family and on average in the republic, the share of expenses on personal vehicles has decreased in relation to the level of a decade ago, but last year it began to grow again.
