The Tesla transformer is a device invented by Nikola Tesla and bearing his name. It is a resonant transformer producing high voltage high frequency. The device was claimed by a US patent dated September 22, 1896, as "Apparatus for the production of electrical currents of high frequency and potential."

The simplest Tesla transformer consists of two coils - primary and secondary, as well as a spark gap, a capacitor, a toroid (not always used) and a terminal (shown as an “output” in the diagram).

The primary coil usually contains several turns of large diameter wire or copper tube, and the secondary about 1000 turns of smaller diameter wire. The primary coil can be flat (horizontal), conical or cylindrical (vertical). Unlike conventional transformers, there is no ferromagnetic core here. Thus, the mutual inductance between the two coils is much less than that of transformers with a ferromagnetic core. The primary coil, together with the capacitor, forms an oscillatory circuit, which includes a non-linear element - a spark gap.

The arrester, in the simplest case, an ordinary gas one, consists of two massive electrodes with an adjustable gap. The electrodes must be resistant to the flow of high currents through an electric arc between them and have good cooling.

The secondary coil also forms an oscillatory circuit, where the role of the capacitor is mainly performed by the capacitance of the toroid and its own interturn capacitance of the coil itself. The secondary winding is often covered with a layer epoxy resin or varnish to prevent electrical breakdown.

The terminal can be made in the form of a disk, a sharpened pin or a sphere and is designed to produce predictable spark discharges of great length.

Thus, the Tesla transformer consists of two connected oscillatory circuits, which determines its remarkable properties and is its main difference from conventional transformers. For the full operation of the transformer, these two oscillatory circuits must be tuned to the same resonant frequency. Usually, during the tuning process, the primary circuit is adjusted to the frequency of the secondary by changing the capacitance of the capacitor and the number of turns of the primary winding until the maximum voltage is obtained at the output of the transformer.

1. SCHEME OF THE TESLA TRANSFORMER

As you can see, this scheme has a minimum of elements, which does not make our task any easier. After all, in order for it to work, it is necessary not only to assemble it, but also to configure it! Let's start in order:

MOTS: there is such a transformer in the microwave. It is a conventional power transformer with the only difference that its core operates in a mode close to saturation. This means that despite its small size, it has a power of up to 1.5 kW. However, there are some downsides to this mode of operation. This is a large no-load current, about 2-4 A, and strong heating even without load, I am silent about heating with a load. The usual output voltage for the MOTA is 2000-2200 volts at a current strength of 500-850 mA.
For all MOTs, the “primary” is wound at the bottom, the “secondary” is wound at the top. This is done for good insulation of the windings. On the "secondary", and sometimes on the "primary", the filament winding of the magnetron is wound, about 3.6 volts. Moreover, two metal jumpers can be seen between the windings. These are magnetic shunts. Their main purpose is to close on itself a part of the magnetic flux created by the “primary” and thus limit the magnetic flux through the “secondary” and its output current at a certain level. This is done due to the fact that in the absence of shunts during a short circuit in the "secondary" (with an arc), the current through the "primary" increases many times and is limited only by its resistance, which is already very small. Thus, the shunts do not allow the trance to quickly overheat when the load is connected. Although the ILO is heated, they put a good fan in the stove to cool it and it does not die. If the shunts are removed, then the power given off by the trance increases, but overheating occurs much faster. Shunts in imported ILOs are usually well filled with epoxy and are not so easy to remove. But it is still desirable to do this, the drawdown under load will decrease. To reduce heat, I can advise you to put the ILO in oil.

Amateurs please refrain from doing this. Danger High voltage. Deadly for life.
Although the voltage is low compared to a lineman, a current strength a hundred times greater than the safe limit of 10mA will make your chances of staying alive practically equal to zero.

I can upset some people by reporting that the ILO, although the ideal power source for Tesla coils (small-sized, powerful, does not die from HF like NST), but its price ranges from 600 to 1500 rubles and more. In addition, even if you have that kind of money, you will have to pretty much run around the radio markets and shops in search of it. Personally, I never found an imported ILO, not new, not used. But I found an ILO from the Soviet Elektronika microwave oven. He has much large sizes than imported and works like a normal trance. It is called from TV-11-3-220-50. Its approximate parameters are: power about 1.5 kW, output voltage ~ 2200 volts, current strength 800 mA. Decent settings. Moreover, on it, in addition to the primary, secondary and filament, there is also a 12 V winding, just to power the cooler for the Tesla spark plug.

CAPS: High-voltage ceramic capacitors are meant (series K15U1, K15U2, TGK, KTK, K15-11, K15-14 - for high-frequency installations!) The most difficult thing is to find them. Introducing the sketch:

High-frequency filter: respectively two coils that act as filters against high-frequency voltage. Each has 140 turns of lacquered copper wire 0.5 mm in diameter.

Very well distinguishable in this picture:

Sparkler: A sparkler is needed to switch power and excite oscillations in the circuit. If there is no spark plug in the circuit, then there will be power, but there will be no oscillations. And the power supply starts siphoning through the primary - and this is a short circuit! Until the spark plug is closed, the caps are charged. As soon as it closes, vibrations begin. Therefore, they put a ballast in the form of chokes - when the spark plug is closed, the choke prevents the current from flowing from the power supply, it charges itself, and then, when the arrester opens, it charges the caps with double anger. Yes, if there were 200 kHz in the outlet, the arrester would naturally not be needed.

Finally, the turn has come to the Tesla transformer itself: the primary winding consists of 7-9 turns of wire of a very large cross section, however, a plumbing copper tube is suitable. The secondary winding contains from 400 to 800 turns, here you need to adjust. The primary winding is energized. At the secondary, one output is reliably grounded, the second is connected to the TOR (lightning emitter). Thor can be made from a ventilation corrugation.

That's all. Remember safety. And I wish you luck

Meet the next Tesla coil. This is a kacher. Until that moment, I didn’t perceive kachers as a circuit at all, none of them worked for me until they advised this option powered by a 220 volt household network. His schema:

But I didn’t have the required field effect transistor, or rather, I didn’t have field effect transistors at all, and therefore I decided to install a bipolar, but rather powerful D13009K transistor. Kacher cannot work directly from the network, since the transistor, whatever it is, will burn out anyway, for this they put a diode to rectify one half-cycle and a power inductor with a resistance of several tens of ohms.

For bipolar transistors, the junction resistance is greater than for field ones, so I decided to limit the current even more. I put a 1kΩ resistor on the power supply and in parallel with it a 1uF capacitor. Thanks to the capacitor, the quality began to work with impulses and the transistor completely stopped heating up. Even without a heatsink, it was absolutely cold, but just in case, I screwed it to a small plate. Further, during the assembly process, I put another 5 microfarad capacitor in parallel with the power supply.

Zener diodes VD1 and VD2 protect the gate (base) of the transistor from voltage surges, they can also be replaced with one suppressor. The 1k resistor was replaced with a small transformer, it just had a primary winding of 1 kOhm, since the resistor was decently heated.

I collected all the elements of the kacher with a canopy, tested it and decided to place it in the case. As a case, I chose a cup made of dense plastic from mashed potatoes fast food.

I cut out the bottom for a glass from thick cardboard and installed everything on it - a transformer and other radio elements.

In the course of assembly, I added a thermistor, in which, when heated, the resistance increases many times over. And glued it to the radiator. Suddenly, after a couple of hours of operation, the transistor will boil, and the thermistor will work and stop passing current - the circuit will turn off ...

The discharge turned out to be about 3 centimeters and is very similar to real lightning or a spark with SGTC. In general, the scheme is quite simple, and I think it will not cause any particular difficulties even for beginners. The main reason for the inoperability may be the incorrect phrasing of the windings, it is enough just to swap the conclusions of the primary winding. It is also necessary to check whether the secondary winding is “grounded” exactly to the base (gate) of the transistor - this is very important, because. the secondary winding simultaneously performs the role of OS ( feedback). And of course the video of the work of the kacher.

Do-it-yourself Tesla transformer on Brovin's kacher and eat energy.

radiant energy. Wireless power transmission.

Aether energy.

What is the universe made of? Vacuum, that is, emptiness, or ether - something of which everything that exists consists? In confirmation of the theory of the ether, the Internet offered the personality and research of the physicist Nikola Tesla and, of course, his transformer, presented by classical science, as a kind of high-voltage device for creating special effects in the form of electrical discharges.

Tesla did not find any special wishes, preferences for the length and diameter of the coils of the transformer. The secondary winding was wound with 0.1 mm wire on pvc pipe diameter 50mm. It so happened that the winding length was 96 mm. Winding was carried out counterclockwise. Primary winding - copper tube from refrigeration units 5 mm in diameter.

You can run the assembled collider in a simple way. On the Internet, circuits are offered on a resistor, one transistor and two capacitors - Brovin's kacher according to Mikhail's scheme (on the forums under the nickname MAG). The Tesla transformer, after setting the direction of the turns of the primary winding, as it did on the secondary, started working, as evidenced by - a small object similar to plasma at the end of the free wire of the coil, fluorescent lamps burn at a distance, electricity, it is hardly electricity in the usual sense, one at a time the wire enters the lamp. All metal near the coil contains electrostatic energy. In incandescent lamps - a very weak glow of blue.

If the purpose of assembling a Tesla transformer is to obtain good discharges, then this design, based on the Brovin kacher, is absolutely not suitable for these purposes. The same can be said about a similar coil 280 mm long.

The possibility of obtaining conventional electricity. Measurements with an oscilloscope showed an oscillation frequency on the pickup coil of the order of 500 kHz. Therefore, a diode bridge made of semiconductors used in switching power supplies was used as a rectifier. In the initial version - automotive Schottky diodes 10SQ45 JF, then fast diodes HER 307 BL.

The current consumption of the entire transformer without connecting the diode bridge is 100 mA. When you turn on the diode bridge in accordance with the 600 ma circuit. The radiator with the KT805B transistor is warm, the coil is removed, it heats up slightly. Copper tape is used for the pickup coil. You can use any wire 3-4 turns.
The pickup current with the engine on and a freshly charged battery is about 400 mA. If you connect the engine directly to the battery, the current consumption of the engine is lower. The measurements were carried out with a Soviet-made pointer ammeter, so they do not claim to be particularly accurate. When the tesla is turned on, absolutely everywhere (!) There is "hot" energy to the touch.

Capacitor 10000mF 25V without load charges up to 40V, starting the engine is easy. After starting the engine voltage drop, the engine runs at 11.6V.

The voltage changes as the pickup coil moves along the main frame. The minimum voltage when placing the pickup coil in the upper part and, accordingly, the maximum voltage in its lower part. For this design, the maximum voltage value could be obtained on the order of 15-16V.

The maximum voltage pickup using Schottky diodes can be achieved by placing the pickup coil turns along the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer, the maximum current pickup - a spiral in one turn perpendicular to the secondary winding of the Tesla transformer.

The difference between using Schottky diodes and fast diodes is significant. When using Schottky diodes, the current is about two times higher.

Any effort to remove or work in the field of a Tesla transformer reduces the field strength, the charge decreases. Plasma acts as an indicator of the presence and strength of the field.

In photographs, the plasma-like object is only partially displayed. Presumably, for our eyes, the change of 50 frames per second is not distinguishable. That is, a set of constantly changing objects that make up the "plasma" is perceived by us as one category. Shooting was not carried out on more high-quality equipment.
The battery, after interacting with Tesla currents, rapidly becomes unusable. The charger gives a full charge, but the battery capacity drops.

paradoxes and possibilities.

When connecting electrolytic capacitor 47 microfarads 400 volts to a battery or any 12V DC source, the charge of the capacitor will not exceed the value of the power source. I connect a 47 microfarad 400 volt capacitor to a constant voltage of about 12V, received by a diode bridge from the pickup coil. After a couple of seconds, I connect a 12V / 21W car light bulb. The light bulb flashes brightly and burns out. The capacitor was charged to a voltage of more than 400 volts.

The oscilloscope shows the process of charging an electrolytic capacitor 10,000 microfarads, 25V. With a constant voltage on the diode bridge of the order of 12-13 volts, the capacitor is charged up to 40-50 volts. With the same input, alternating voltage, a 47 microfarad 400V capacitor is charged up to four hundred volts.

Electronic device removal of additional energy from the capacitor should work on the principle of a drain barrel. We are waiting for the capacitor to charge to a certain value, or by the timer we discharge the capacitor to an external load (we drain the accumulated energy). Discharging a capacitor of the appropriate capacity will give a good current. In this way, you can get standard electricity.

Extraction of energy.

When assembling the Tesla transformer, it was found that the static electricity received from the Tesla coil is capable of charging capacitors to values exceeding their nominal value. The purpose of the experiment is an attempt to find out the charge of which capacitors, to what values and under what conditions is possible as quickly as possible.

The speed and ability to charge capacitors to the limit values will determine the choice of rectifier. The following rectifiers shown in the photograph (from left to right in terms of efficiency in this circuit) have been tested - 6D22S kenotrons, damper diodes KTs109A, KTs108A, Schottky diodes 10SQ045JF and others. Kenotrons 6D22S are designed for voltages of 6.3V; they must be switched on from two additional batteries of 6.3V each or from a step-down transformer with two windings of 6.3V. When the lamps are connected in series to a 12V battery, the kenotrons do not work equally, the negative value of the rectified current must be connected to the minus of the battery. Other diodes, including "fast" ones, are ineffective, since they have insignificant reverse currents.

A spark plug from a car was used as a spark gap, a gap of 1-1.5 mm. The cycle of the device is as follows. The capacitor is charged to voltage values sufficient for breakdown to occur through the spark gap of the arrester. There is a high voltage current capable of lighting a 220V 60W incandescent bulb.

Ferrites are used to amplify the magnetic field of the primary coil - L1 and are inserted into the PVC tube on which the Tesla transformer is wound. It should be noted that the ferrite fillers must be located under the coil L1 (copper tube 5 mm) and not cover the entire volume of the Tesla transformer. Otherwise, the generation of the field by the Tesla transformer fails.

If you do not use ferrites with a 0.01 microfarad capacitor, the lamp lights up with a frequency of about 5 hertz. When adding a ferrite core (ring 45mm 200HN), the spark is stable, the lamp burns with a brightness of up to 10 percent of the possible. With an increase in the gap of the candle, a high-voltage breakdown occurs between the contacts of the electric lamp to which the tungsten filament is attached. The tungsten filament does not glow.

With the proposed capacitor capacitances of more than 0.01 microfarads and the spark plug gap of 1-1.2 mm, the circuit is predominantly standard (Coulomb) electricity. If you reduce the capacitance of the capacitor, then the discharge of the candle will consist of electric static electricity. The field generated by the Tesla transformer in this circuit is weak, the lamp will not glow. Short video:

The secondary coil of the Tesla transformer, shown in the photograph, is wound with a 0.1 mm wire on a PVC tube with an outer diameter of 50 mm. Winding length 280 mm. The size of the insulator between the primary and secondary windings is 7 mm. Any increase in power compared to similar coils with a long winding of 160 and 200 mm. not noted.

The current consumption is set by a variable resistor. The operation of this circuit is stable at a current within two amperes. With a current consumption of more than three amperes or less than one ampere, the generation of a standing wave by the Tesla transformer breaks down.

With an increase in current consumption from two to three amperes, the power delivered to the load increases by fifty percent, the standing wave field increases, the lamp starts to burn brighter. It should be noted only 10 percent increase in the brightness of the lamp. A further increase in current consumption interrupts the generation of a standing wave or the transistor burns out.

The initial battery charge is 13.8 volts. During the operation of this circuit, the battery is charged up to 14.6-14.8V. As a result, the battery capacity decreases. The total battery life under load is four to five hours. As a result, the battery is discharged to 7 volts.

paradoxes and possibilities.

The result of this circuit is a stable high-voltage spark discharge. It seems possible to launch the classic version of the Tesla transformer with an oscillation generator on the spark gap (arrester) SGTC (Spark Gap Tesla Coil) Theoretically: this is a replacement in the circuit of an incandescent lamp with the primary coil of the Tesla transformer. In practice: when a Tesla transformer, the same as in the photograph, is installed in the circuit instead of an electric lamp, there is a breakdown between the primary and secondary windings. High-voltage discharges up to three centimeters. It is required to choose the distance between the primary and secondary windings, the size of the spark gap, the capacitance and resistance of the circuit.

If you use a burned-out electric lamp, then between the conductors to which the tungsten filament is attached, a stable high-voltage electric arc occurs. If the discharge voltage of a spark plug can be estimated at about 3 kilovolts, then the arc of an incandescent lamp can be estimated at 20 kilovolts. Since the lamp has a capacitance. This circuit can be used as a voltage multiplier based on a spark gap.

Safety engineering.

Any actions with the circuit must be carried out only after disconnecting the Tesla transformer from the power source and the mandatory discharge of all capacitors located near the Tesla transformer.

When working with this circuit, I strongly recommend using a spark gap permanently connected in parallel with the capacitor. It acts as a surge protector on the capacitor plates, which can lead to a breakdown or explosion.

The arrester does not allow the capacitors to charge up to the maximum voltage values, therefore, the discharge of high-voltage capacitors of less than 0.1 microfarads in the presence of an arrester per person is dangerous, but not fatal. Do not adjust the spark gap by hand.

Soldering in the field of quality electronic components is not to be engaged.

radiant energy. Nikola Tesla.

Currently, the concepts are being replaced and radiant energy is given a different definition, different from the properties described by Nikola Tesla. Today, radiant energy is the energy of open systems such as the energy of the sun, water, geophysical phenomena that can be used by man.

If you go back to the original. One of the properties of the radiant current was demonstrated by Nikola Tesla on the device - a step-up transformer, a capacitor, a spark gap connected to a copper U-shaped bus. Incandescent lamps are placed on a short-circuited bus. According to classical ideas, incandescent lamps should not burn. Electric current should go along the line with the least resistance, that is, along the copper bus.

A stand was assembled to reproduce the experiment. Step-up transformer 220V-10000V 50Hz type TG1020K-U2. In all patents, N. Tesla recommends using a positive (unipolar), pulsating voltage as a power source. A diode is installed at the output of the high-voltage transformer, which smooths out negative voltage ripples. At the start of charging the capacitor, the current flowing through the diode is comparable to a short circuit, so a 50K resistor is connected in series to prevent diode failure. Capacitors 0.01uF 16KV, connected in series.

In the photo, instead of a copper bus, a solenoid is shown wound with a copper tube with a diameter of 5 mm. The contact of the incandescent bulb 12V 21/5W is connected to the fifth turn of the solenoid. The fifth turn of the solenoid (yellow wire), is experimentally chosen so that the incandescent lamp does not burn out.

It can be assumed that the fact of the presence of a solenoid misleads many researchers who are trying to repeat the devices of Donald Smith (the American inventor of CE devices). burns out when moving closer to the ends of the copper bus. Thus, the mathematical calculations used by the American researcher are too simplified and do not describe the processes occurring in the solenoid. The distance of the spark gap of the spark gap does not significantly affect the brightness of the glow of the electric lamp, but it does affect the growth of the potential. Between the contacts of the electric lamp, on which the tungsten filament is fixed, a high-voltage breakdown occurs.

A logical continuation of the solenoid as the primary winding is the classic version of the N. Tesla transformer.

What kind of current and what are its characteristics in the area between the spark gap and the capacitor plate. That is, in a copper bus in the scheme proposed by N. Tesla.

If the length of the bus is about 20-30 cm, then the electric lamp fixed at the ends of the copper bus does not light. If the tire size is increased to one and a half meters, the light starts to burn, the tungsten filament heats up and glows with the usual bright white light. On the spiral of the lamp (between the turns of the tungsten filament) there is a bluish flame. With significant "currents" due to an increase in the length of the copper bus, the temperature increases, the lamp darkens, the tungsten filament burns out pointwise. The current of electrons in the circuit stops, an energy substance of cold, blue color:

In the experiment, a step-up transformer was used - 10KV, taking into account the diode, the maximum voltage will be 14KV. Logically, the maximum potential of the entire circuit should not exceed this value. So it is, but only in the arrester, where a spark of the order of one and a half centimeters occurs. A weak high-voltage breakdown in sections of a copper bus of two or more centimeters indicates the presence of a potential of more than 14 kV. The maximum potential in the N. Tesla circuit is at the light bulb, which is closer to the spark gap.

The capacitor starts to charge. On the spark gap, the potential rises, a breakdown occurs. A spark causes the appearance of an electromotive force of a certain power. Power is the product of current and voltage. 12 volts 10 amps (thick wire) is the same as 1200 volts 0.1 amps (thin wire). The difference is that fewer electrons are needed to transfer more potential. It takes time to give a significant number of "slow" electrons in the acceleration copper bus (higher current). In this section of the circuit, redistribution occurs - a longitudinal wave of potential increase occurs with a slight increase in current. On two different areas copper busbar, a potential difference is formed. This potential difference causes the glow of the incandescent lamp. On the copper bus, there is a skin effect (the movement of electrons along the surface of the conductor) and a significant potential, greater than the charge of the capacitor.

Electric current is due to the presence of mobile electrons in the crystal lattices of metals, moving under the action of an electric field. In tungsten, from which the filament of an incandescent lamp is made, free electrons are less mobile than in silver, copper or aluminum. Therefore, the movement of the surface layer of electrons of a tungsten filament causes the glow of an incandescent lamp. The tungsten filament of the incandescent lamp is broken, the electrons overcome the potential exit barrier from the metal, and electron emission occurs. The electrons are located in the region of the rupture of the tungsten filament. The energy substance of blue color is the consequence and at the same time the cause of maintaining the current in the circuit.

It is premature to talk about the full correspondence of the received current with the radiant current described by N. Tesla. N. Tesla points out that the electric lamps connected to the copper bus did not heat up. In the conducted experiment electric lamps heat up. This indicates the movement of electrons in a tungsten filament. In the experiment, it is necessary to achieve a complete absence of electric current in the circuit: Longitudinal wave of growth of the potential of a wide frequency spectrum of a spark without a current component.

Capacitor charge.

The photo shows the possibility of charging high-voltage capacitors. The charge is carried out using an electrostatic electricity transformer Tesla. The scheme and principles of removal are described in the section on energy removal.

A video demonstrating the charge of a 4Mkf capacitor can be viewed at the link:

An arrester, four capacitors KVI-3 10KV 2200PF and two capacitors with a capacity of 50MKF 1000V. included in series. In the arrester there is a constant spark discharge of satistic electricity. The arrester is assembled from the terminals of a magnetic starter and has a higher resistance than copper wire. The size of the spark gap of the arrester is 0.8-0.9 mm. The gap between the contacts of the arrester based on copper wire connected to capacitors is 0.1 mm or less. There is no spark discharge of static electricity between the contacts of the copper wire, although the spark gap is smaller than in the main spark gap.

Capacitors are charged to voltages of more than 1000V, it is not technically possible to estimate the voltage value. It should be noted that when the capacitor is not fully charged, for example, up to 200V, the tester shows voltage fluctuations from 150V to 200V or more volts.

When the charge is accumulated, the capacitors are charged to voltages of more than 1000V, a breakdown occurs in the gap set by the copper wire connected to the capacitor terminals. The breakdown is accompanied by a flash and a loud explosion.

When the circuit is turned on, a high voltage immediately appears and begins to grow at the terminals of the capacitor, and then the capacitor is charged. The fact that the capacitor is charged can be determined by the decrease and subsequent termination of the electrostatic spark in the spark gap.

If you remove an additional spark gap from a copper wire connected to high-voltage capacitors, flashes occur in the main spark gap.

The capacitor used in the video, MBGCH-1 4 microfarads * 500V, after 10 minutes of continuous operation, swelled and failed, which was preceded by oil gurgling.

During the operation of the circuit, electrostatic electricity is present in all areas, as evidenced by the glow of a neon light bulb.

If you charge high-capacity capacitors without a spark gap, when the capacitors are discharged, they fail rectifier diodes.

Wireless power transmission.

Both solenoids are wound on a PVC pipe with an outer diameter of 50 mm. The horizontal solionoid (transmitter) is wound with a 0.18 mm wire, length 200 mm, estimated wire length 174.53 m. The vertical solenoid (receiver) is wound with a 0.1 mm wire, length 280 mm, estimated wire length 439.82 m.

The current consumption of the circuit is less than one ampere. Electric lamp 12 volts 21 watts. The brightness of the lamp is about 30% compared to direct connection to the battery.

The increase in the brightness of the lamp, in addition to the perpendicular placement of the solenoids, is affected by the relative position of the conductors - the end of the transmitter solenoid (red electrical tape) and the beginning of the receiver solenoid (black electrical tape). With their close, parallel placement, the brightness of the lamp increases.

The charge of capacitors in the previously considered circuit is possible through an intermediary coil without a direct connection of the pickup unit (high-voltage capacitor and rectifier diodes) with a Tesla transformer. The efficiency of wireless power transmission is about 80-90% in comparison with the direct connection of the pickup unit to the transmitter solenoid. The photo shows the most efficient arrangement of the solenoids relative to each other. Since the arrangement of the solenoids is perpendicular, the transfer of energy through a magnetic field is impossible according to classical concepts. It is possible to visually assess the energy of the process by watching the film:

The upper end of the receiver solenoid is connected to the KTs109A rectifiers, the lower end is not connected to anything. With the circuit running, there is a slight spark at the bottom of the receiver solenoid. The upper end of the transmitter solenoid is in the air, not connected to anything.
Consumption current 1A. As an intermediary coil, solenoids wound with a wire of 0.1 mm, length 200 and 160 mm were tested. The capacitor is not charged to the voltage necessary for the breakdown of the arrester. The receiver solenoid shown in the photo gives the best result. Ferrite fillers were not used in the transmitter and receiver.

Sincerely, A. Mishchuk.

In 1891, Nikola Tesla developed a transformer (coil) with which he experimented with high voltage electrical discharges. The device developed by Tesla consisted of a power supply, a capacitor, primary and secondary coils installed so that voltage peaks alternate between them, and two electrodes separated from each other by a distance. The device was named after its inventor.
The principles Tesla discovered with this device are now being used in applications ranging from particle accelerators to televisions and toys.

Tesla transformer can be made by hand. This article is devoted to this issue.

First you need to decide on the size of the transformer. It is possible to build a large appliance if the budget allows. It should be remembered that this device generates high voltage discharges (create micro lightning) that heat and expand the surrounding air (create micro thunder). The generated electric fields can damage other electrical devices. Therefore, it is not worth building and running a Tesla transformer at home; it is safer to do this in remote locations, such as a garage or shed.

The size of the transformer will depend on the distance between the electrodes (on the size of the resulting spark), which in turn will depend on the power consumption.

Components and Assembly of the Tesla Transformer Circuit

We need a transformer or generator with a voltage of 5-15 kV and a current of 30-100 milliamps. The experiment will fail if these parameters are not met.
The current source must be connected to the capacitor. The capacitor capacitance parameter is important, i.e. the ability to hold an electric charge. The unit of capacitance is farad - F. It is defined as 1 ampere-second (or coulomb) per 1 volt. As a rule, capacitance is measured in small units - μF (one millionth of a farad) or pF (one trillionth of a farad). For a voltage of 5 kV, the capacitor must have a rating of 2200 pF.

It is even better to connect several capacitors in series. In this case, each capacitor will retain part of the charge, the total retained charge will increase by a multiple.

The capacitor(s) is connected to a spark plug - an air gap between the contacts of which an electrical breakdown occurs. In order for the contacts to withstand the heat generated by the spark during the discharge, their required diameter must be 6 mm. minimum. A sparkler is necessary to excite resonant oscillations in the circuit.
primary coil. It is made from a thick copper wire or tube with a diameter of 2.5-6 mm., Which is twisted into a spiral in one plane in the amount of 4-6 turns
The primary coil is connected to the arrester. The capacitor and primary coil must form a primary circuit that is in resonance with the secondary coil.
The primary coil must be well insulated from the secondary.
secondary coil. It is made of thin enameled copper wire (up to 0.6 mm). The wire is wound on a polymer tube with an empty core. The height of the tube should be 5-6 of its diameters. 1000 turns should be carefully wound onto the tube. The secondary coil may be placed inside the primary coil.
The secondary coil at one end must be grounded separately from other devices. Grounding directly "to the ground" is best. The second wire of the secondary coil is connected to the torus (lightning emitter).
Thor can be made from an ordinary ventilation corrugation. It is located above the secondary coil.
The secondary coil and the torus form a secondary circuit.
We turn on the supply generator (transformer). Tesla transformer is working.

Excellent video explaining the principles of the Tesla transformer

Precautionary measures

Be careful: the voltage accumulated in the Tesla transformer is very high and leads to guaranteed death in case of breakdowns. The current strength is also very large, far exceeding the value that is safe for life.

There is no practical application of the Tesla transformer. This is an experimental setup that confirms our knowledge of the physics of electricity.

From an aesthetic point of view, the effects that the Tesla transformer generates are amazing and beautiful. They largely depend on how correctly it is assembled, whether the current is sufficient, whether the circuits resonate correctly. Effects can include a glow or discharges generated on the second coil, or full-fledged lightning piercing the air from the torus. The resulting glows are shifted to the ultraviolet range of the spectrum.

A high-frequency field is formed around the Tesla transformer. Therefore, for example, when an energy-saving light bulb is placed in this field, it starts to glow. This same field leads to the formation of large amounts of ozone.

TESLA ON A PLANAR COIL WITH USB POWER. Tesla coil circuit for 220v

how to assemble a transformer with your own hands, the principle of operation

The work of kinescope TVs, fluorescent and energy-saving light bulbs, remote charging of batteries is provided by a special device - a Tesla transformer (coil). A Tesla coil is also used to create spectacular purple light charges resembling lightning. The 220 V circuit allows you to understand the device of this device and, if necessary, make it yourself.

Working mechanism

The Tesla coil is an electrical device capable of increasing the voltage and current frequency several times. During its operation, a magnetic field is formed, which can affect electrical engineering and the human condition. Discharges falling into the air contribute to the release of ozone. The design of the transformer consists of the following elements:

primary coil. It has an average of 5-7 turns of wire with a cross-sectional diameter of at least 6 mm².
secondary coil. Consists of 70-100 turns of dielectric with a diameter of not more than 0.3 mm.
Capacitor.
Discharger.
Spark light emitter.

The transformer, created and patented by Nikola Tesla in 1896, does not have ferroalloys, which are used for cores in other similar devices. The power of the coil is limited by the electrical strength of the air and does not depend on the power of the voltage source.

When voltage is applied to the primary circuit, high-frequency oscillations are generated on it. Thanks to them, resonant oscillations occur on the secondary coil, the result of which is electricity characterized by high voltage and high frequency. The passage of this current through the air leads to the appearance of a streamer - a purple discharge resembling lightning.

The oscillations of the circuits that occur during the operation of the Tesla coil can be generated different ways. Most often this happens with the help of a spark gap, a lamp or a transistor. The most powerful are devices that use double resonance generators.

Raw Materials

It will not be difficult for a person with basic knowledge in the field of physics and electrics to assemble a Tesla transformer with their own hands. It is only necessary to prepare a set of basic details:

Power supply with a voltage of about 9-12 volts. The role of such a source in homemade device can perform a car battery, a laptop battery, or a step-down transformer with a diode bridge to generate direct current.
primary contour. It consists of two resistors with a nominal resistance of 50 and 75 kOhm, a transistor VT1 D13007 or a similar device with an n-p-n structure.

A mandatory element of the primary coil is a cooling radiator, the size of which directly affects the cooling efficiency of the equipment. A copper tube or a wire with a diameter of 5–10 mm can be used as a winding.

The secondary coil requires mandatory insulation in the form of paint, varnish or other dielectric treatment. An additional detail of this circuit is a serially connected terminal. Its use is advisable only with powerful discharges; with small streamers, it is enough to bring the end of the winding up by 0.5-5 cm.

Wiring diagram

The Tesla transformer is assembled and connected in accordance with the electrical diagram. Installation of a low-power device should be carried out in several stages:

Install the power supply with strict adherence to the correspondence of the contacts.
Attach the heatsink to the transistor.
Build an electrical circuit using plywood, a wooden box, or a piece of plastic as a dielectric substrate.
Isolate the coil from the circuit with a dielectric plate with holes for connecting wires.
Install the primary winding, eliminating its fall and contact with another winding. In the center, provide a hole for the secondary coil, ensuring a distance between them of at least 1 cm.
Fix the secondary winding, make the necessary connections, guided by the diagram.

The assembly of a more powerful transformer occurs in a similar way. To achieve great power, you will need:

Increase the size of the coils and the cross section of the windings by 1.1–2.5 times.
Install an AC source with a voltage of 3-5 kW.
Add a terminal in the form of a toroid.
Ensure good grounding.

The maximum power that a properly assembled Tesla transformer can achieve is up to 4.5 kW. Such an indicator can be achieved by equalizing the frequencies of both circuits.

A self-assembled Tesla coil must be checked. During the test connection, you should:

Set the variable resistor to the middle position.
Track the presence of a discharge. In its absence, you need to bring a fluorescent lamp or incandescent lamp to the coil. Its glow will indicate the presence of an electromagnetic field and the efficiency of the transformer. Also, the serviceability of the device can be determined by self-igniting radio tubes and flashes at the end of the emitter.

The first start-up of the device must be carried out while monitoring the temperature. In case of strong heating, additional cooling is required.

Transformer Application

The coil can create different types charges. Most often, during its operation, a charge in the form of an arc arises.

The glow of air ions in electric field with increased voltage is called a corona discharge. It is a bluish radiation that is formed around coil parts that have a significant surface curvature.

A spark discharge or spark passes from the transformer terminal to the ground surface or to a grounded object in the form of a beam of rapidly changing shape and fading bright stripes.

The streamer looks like a thin, weakly glowing light channel, which has many branches and consists of free electrons and ionized gas particles that do not go into the ground, but flow through the air.

The creation of various kinds of electric discharges with the help of a Tesla coil occurs with a large increase in current and energy, causing crackling. The expansion of the channels of some discharges provokes an increase in pressure and the formation of a shock wave. The combination of shock waves in sound resembles the crackle of sparks when a flame burns.

The effect of a transformer of this kind was previously used in medicine to treat diseases. High-frequency current, flowing through human skin, gave a healing and tonic effect. It turned out to be useful only under the condition of low power. With an increase in power to large values, the opposite result was obtained, negatively affecting the body.

With the help of such an electrical device, gas-discharge lamps are ignited and a leak is detected in a vacuum space. It is also successfully used in the military sphere to quickly destroy electrical equipment on ships, tanks or in buildings. A powerful pulse generated by the coil in a very short period disables microcircuits, transistors and other devices located within a radius of tens of meters. The process of destruction of equipment is silent.

The most spectacular area of application is demonstration light shows. All effects are created due to the formation of powerful air charges, the length of which is measured by several meters. This property allows the transformer to be widely used in filming and creating computer games.

When developing this device, Nikola Tesla planned to use it to transmit energy on a global scale. The scientist's idea was based on the use of two strong transformers located at different ends of the Earth and functioning with equal resonant frequency.

If such a transmission system were successfully used, the need for power plants, copper cables and electricity suppliers would completely disappear. Every inhabitant of the planet could use electricity anywhere absolutely free of charge. However, due to economic unprofitability, the idea of the famous physicist has not yet been (and is unlikely to ever be) implemented.

220v.guru

KACHER POWERED FROM 220V

I collected all the elements of the kacher with a canopy, tested it and decided to place it in the case. As a body, I chose a cup made of thick plastic from instant mashed potatoes.

I cut out the bottom for a glass from thick cardboard and installed everything on it - a transformer and other radio elements.

The discharge turned out to be about 3 centimeters and is very similar to real lightning or a spark with SGTC. In general, the scheme is quite simple, and I think it will not cause any particular difficulties even for beginners. The main reason for the inoperability may be the incorrect phrasing of the windings, it is enough just to swap the conclusions of the primary winding. It is also necessary to check whether the secondary winding is “grounded” exactly to the base (gate) of the transistor - this is very important, because. the secondary winding simultaneously performs the role of OS (feedback). And of course the video of the work of the kacher:

Successful assembly and great streamers, [)eNiS was with you.

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TESLA ON PLANAR COIL WITH USB POWER

This Tesla alternator has a coil in the form of etched windings on a printed circuit board. And it is connected via a USB line that powers the device. The resonance frequency is about 4 MHz. The coil has a transmission ratio of 1:160. The total length of the secondary line is 25 meters. The big advantage of the circuit will be that it is powered by USB 5V 1A. The output voltage level is approximately 30 kV.

This Tesla has all windings etched into the PCB (planar). The advantages of this method are the ease of production and the uniformity of the induction due to the constant distance between the windings. The spiral coil has a track thickness of 0.2mm, with a gap of 0.2mm as well. The total length is about 25 meters, 160 turns. The primary winding is on the bottom layer, under outer ring secondary.

At the end of the secondary winding is a socket spring pin. Here you can attach a pin or needle. The pointed element causes a much higher local strength of the electric field, which makes it easier to start the spark.

Tesla generator circuit

Click on diagram to enlarge

Both the primary and secondary circuits use the series resonance of the LC circuit to increase the voltage. The circuit consists of several film capacitors and one winding on the bottom of the PCB. The secondary consists of 160 turns of the upper layer and the environment tank. For optimal power transfer, resonant frequencies should be 4 MHz.

The duty cycle is directly proportional to the energy consumption. With 1A 5V you get the most out of your power supply with no more than 1.5% duty cycle. If you turn the generator on 100% of the time, then the circuit will draw over 300 watts. Clearly, this cannot be obtained from a regular USB.

The base frequency for the duty cycle can be changed to generate low frequency pulses (<10 Гц) или быстрые небольшие импульсы, которые попадают в звуковой диапазон (>20 Hz). Thus, you can make the Tesla "sing".

For optimal performance, there should be as little delay as possible in the signal path. The 4 MHz H-bridge requires very fast components. Therefore, the FZTX51 power transistors were chosen. The MOSFET driver uses the UCC2753X, which has very low latency and can be used at very high frequencies. The maximum voltage that these drivers can handle is 35V. With a margin of safety, the operating voltage can be no more than 32V.

Video of work

Operation is controlled by the S1 button:

Short press: switching frequencies (5, 10, 20Hz)
Hold for 1 second: return to the initial state
Hold for 3 seconds: Switch to "high power" mode (1A) (red light flashes), and back to low power mode if the button is pressed again within 3 seconds.
Hold for 8 seconds: turn off the blue LEDs or turn them on again.

During testing, the circuit successfully worked for more than 2 hours at a power of 5 watts. Firmware and all files for assembly - in the archive.

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Tesla on the spark gap

The Tesla transformer, also called the Tesla coil, is a device invented by Nikola Tesla and bearing his name. It is a resonant transformer that produces a high voltage of high frequency, but in some cases also low - 50 hertz. In general, after the successful assembly of Kacher Brovin, I wanted something more, and decided to assemble a Tesla Transformer much more powerful - on the spark gap (SGTC). I read a couple of articles, got some theory and started assembling necessary details. The scheme is simple, I think many novice Tesla builders assemble it according to it.

SCHEME

So let's analyze all the elements of Tesla's design:

POWER - I used two MOTA with shunts (transformers from a microwave oven).
My LOOP CAPACITOR was assembled from capacitors of the K78-2 type, its general parameters are: 25 nF 12 kV (K75-25 can be used).
PRIMARY WINDING cone-shaped, 6 turns copper wire section 3-4 mm
The SECONDARY WINDING is wound on a pipe with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 30 cm, with copper wire 0.3 mm, approximately 1500 turns. After winding, the secondary must be covered with several layers of varnish.
DISCHARGE - RSG motor 3000 rpm, 4 electrodes on the disk (preferably copper)
FILTERS from HF are wound on tubes with a diameter of 2.5 cm and a length of 14 cm, winding in sections of 20 turns in each.
The toroid is made of corrugations with a diameter of 7 cm.

ASSEMBLY

First you need to assemble a case for our Tesla. I made it from thick plywood. On the first floor, we install power - two MOTs, it will be necessary to make grounding from the core of the motors. Here we attach filters from high-frequency. Now we go to the second floor: we put the engine with the disk, we fix all the electrodes. There will also be an MMC (loop capacitor). Now we connect everything together according to the scheme. We put a secondary coil on top of the whole structure, we fix the TOP on it, we ground the lower output. Around we wind the primary in the form of a cone, 5 cm high, 6 turns. Solder the primary to the circuit. We will make one more turn above it and ground it (this will be the so-called strike ring). It prevents the discharge from entering the primary winding.

Well, that seems to be all. We are trying to start: we turn on the RSG and apply voltage to the MOTs. Don't forget to ground everything! At correct installation everything should work immediately.

Result: 30 cm streamer, also when brought to half a meter, gas discharge lamps glow.

VIDEO

If you have questions about the selection of parts and winding coils, we will sort it out on the forum. Posted by Nikon.

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Tesla musical coil circuit for 220v. We make a simple tesla generator, a tesla coil with our own hands. Practical implementation of projects

Components and Assembly of the Tesla Transformer Circuit

Excellent video explaining the principles of the Tesla transformer

Precautionary measures

TESLA ON A PLANAR COIL WITH USB POWER. Tesla coil circuit for 220v