The White Guard retelling by chapter. "White Guard. Continuation of hostilities in Kyiv

Part two

Colonel Kozyr-Leshko woke up fifteen versts from the City. Having worked as a rural teacher for many years, in 1914 Kozyr went to war. It turned out that this was his vocation, so already in 1917 he was promoted to officer, and in 1918 he was a colonel in the Petliura army. He ordered his lads to get out of the huts. Soon the regiment was swinging in the saddles. Bely Guy passed, letting one and a half thousand infantry go ahead. Military forces were gathering at the approaches to the City. The frozen chains of junkers moved closer to the core of the City.

The train of another Petliurist commander, Toropets, stood under the City, surrounded on all sides. Toropets himself developed a plan, according to which the city army was to be drawn to the outskirts of Kurenevka. Then the commander himself could hit the City head-on. From the left flank to the right flank moved the black hat regiment of Kozyr-Leshko. On the right side of him, a fight had already begun.

Colonel Shchetkin had not been at the headquarters since morning, since the headquarters as such no longer existed. First, the colonel's two adjutants disappeared. Then Shchetkin himself came out in a civilian shaggy coat and a hat with a pie. He arrived in Lipki, in a small, well-furnished apartment, kissed a plump golden blonde and went to bed. Nobody understood anything in the City. The hetman was here at the same time (no one knew about his mysterious disappearance), and His Excellency Prince Belorukov, and General Kartuzov, who was forming squads to protect the City. People did not understand why Petliura's units approached the City in echelon after echelon. Maybe an agreement with Petliura? Then why did the white officer guns fire at those approaching the City? Complete confusion reigned in the City on the afternoon of the fourteenth of December. Less and less calls were heard at the headquarters. Finally, machine guns sounded right on the streets of the City.

Colonel Bolbotun, tired of waiting for instructions from Colonel Toropets, ordered his frozen cavalry regiment to move towards the railroad tracks encircling the city. He stopped a passenger train that brought to the City a new batch of Muscovites and Petersburgers with rich women and shaggy dogs. Bolbotun was not expected, so he freely entered the City, meeting resistance only at the columned school. The colonel stopped, thinking that he was confronted by a large force. However, the defenders turned out to be thirty junkers and four officers with one machine gun. The city center was instantly empty.

The colonel walked half a verst from Pechersk Square to Reznikova Street, until a few help arrived in time for the retreating cadets in the person of fourteen officers, three cadets, one student, one actor and one turtle. They could not resist Bolbotun. Four cars were supposed to come up, but because of Mikhail Semenovich Shpolyansky, the commander of the second car, this did not happen. Shpolyansky was an excellent orator and reader. Arguing about why they should defend the hetman, Mikhail Semyonovich gradually won the love of two drivers and mechanics. As a result, they prepared three vehicles for battle in such a way that none of them could move. In the morning, Captain Pleshko demanded a mechanic, but he disappeared. A rumor spread that he had contracted typhus. Ensign Shpolyansky, like Shchur, also disappeared without a trace. Some time later, artillerymen Duvan and Maltsev and a couple of machine gunners disappeared from the division. At noon, the battalion commander Captain Pleshko himself disappeared.

Part of Colonel Nai-Thurs wandered through the snowdrifts under the City for three days, until at last they returned to the city. The colonel took care of his subordinates, so one hundred and fifty cadets and three ensigns were dressed in felt boots and hats. On the night of the fourteenth, Nai-Tours looked at the map of the City. The headquarters did not bother, only in the afternoon a cadet arrived and brought a note in which he was ordered to guard the Polytechnic Highway. It was on the part of the colonel that Kozyr-Lyashko came out. The rumble of shutters swept through the chains of the junkers: on the orders of the commander, they accepted the battle. The forces were nervous, and Nai-Tursa began to retreat into the city. Once in Brest-Litovsky Lane, the colonel sent intelligence to find out where the locations of other units defending the City were. The junkers returned without finding any units. The commander turned to face the chains and loudly gave an unusual command.

At that time, twenty-eight cadets from the infantry squad under the command of the senior in rank, Nikolka Turbin, languished in the former barracks on Lvovskaya Street. The department commander, staff captain Bezrukov and two ensigns, having gone to headquarters in the morning, did not return. At about three o'clock a phone call rang out and ordered to withdraw the team along the route.

Alexey Turbin overslept dead sleep until two in the afternoon. The young man paced the room. In a hurry, having forgotten his civil passport on the table and saying goodbye to Elena, he rushed out of the house. The sister remained at home with an unhappy face.

The doctor got into a cab and drove towards the museum. When he reached the place, he saw an armed crowd. Alexey was afraid that he was late. He ran to Anzhu and found Colonel Malyshev there, who for some reason shaved off his mustache. The military man was transformed and looked like a rather dense student. The colonel explained to the unsuspecting Alexei that the headquarters had betrayed them and he disbanded the division, Petlyura in the city. The military man advised him to quickly take off his shoulder straps and run through the back door. Then he turned around and fled. Turbin took off his epaulettes, put them in the oven, set them on fire, and then followed his former commander.

Nikolka led his fighters through the entire City along the route and stopped in one of the lanes. Suddenly, shots rang out, and the young man saw the same cadets in a furious run pour down the alley. Soon Nikolka ran into Nai-Turs, who tore off his shoulder straps and ordered him to drop his weapons and flee home. A few minutes later the alley was empty. Nikolka refused, intending to use the machine gun. The colonel scolded someone for almost killing the guys. He again turned to the young man, ordering him to run. Nikolka did not have time to ask the commander what all this meant, when he was killed by shrapnel. The young man felt fear, he put the Colt in his pocket and rushed down the alley. In one of the yards, a janitor seized him, shouting that the Junkers should be kept. Nikolka broke free and pulled out a Colt. The janitor fell to his knees and howled in a wild voice. The young man wanted to shoot, but the weapon was unloaded. Then he hit the screaming man with a colt. He ran into the lane from which Nikolka had run. The young man was in a trap, he knew that the janitor would call the Petliurists here at that very moment. Somehow, bloody hands, he flew over the wall, hitting the same yard.

Reaching home with difficulty, Nikolka learned from Elena that Alexei had not yet returned. The sister was very worried about her older brother and did not let her younger brother go anywhere. Finally Nikolka went out into the yard, fighting the urge to climb the snowy heights and see what was going on in the City. Returning home, the young man fell asleep like the dead. Elena waited for Alexei all night.

Nikolka woke up because some unknown person was complaining about his unfaithful mistress. He came from Zhytomyr and told the young man that his brother had come with him. Nikolka heard Elena's voice and ran to the dining room. There, on the couch under the clock, in someone else's coat and black trousers, lay Alexei Turbin, who had been brought by some lady. He was wounded. Nikolka ran for the doctor.

An hour later, red scraps of bandages lay everywhere in the room, a basin full of red water stood on the floor. Alexei had already regained consciousness and was trying to say something. The doctor assured the relatives that the bone and large blood vessels were not affected, but warned that there could be suppuration due to fragments of the overcoat that got into the wound. The turbine was stripped and carried to the bed.

The unknown did not take part in the chores, only looked first at the broken plates, then at Elena. The doctor took no money. Promising to come in the evening and keep quiet about everything that happened, the doctor left.

4 (80%) 16 vote[s]

Searched here:

• summary of the white guard
• white guard part 2 summary

The events of the novel unfold in a frosty December 1918. Turbin's mother dies. Alexei, Lena and Nikolka are having a hard time losing a loved one. The oldest of the Turbins is Alexei, he is a doctor by profession, he is 28 years old. Elena is a pretty girl of 24 years old. The youngest Nikolka, he is only seventeen years old. Senior Turbin experiences indescribable sadness. Priest Alexander is a support for him at this difficult moment in his life.

Elena is waiting for her husband Talberg, but he is still not there. An old friend of the family, Viktor Myshlaevsky, comes to the house. His military in the amount of forty people was left in a cordon, they gave the word to change in 5-6 hours, and they were changed after 24 hours. The soldiers stood in this severe frost in thin overcoats and light boots. Some of them died from the cold, some froze their lower limbs.

Myshlaevsky is angry with Colonel Shchetkin, calling him obscene words. Turbines warm up a friend in all sorts of ways.

The doorbell came Thalberg. But Elena's happiness does not last long. Her husband is going on a journey with the Germans. He cannot take his wife with him, because he does not know what awaits him ahead, it can be dangerous for her. Sergei and the Germans are leaving town N.

This night became sleepless for the Turbins' neighbor Vasily Lisovich, who was popularly nicknamed Vasilisa. Lisovich has hiding places in the house and in the barn, where he hides his jewelry. He has tucked blankets over the windows, busily going about his business. At this moment, a man from the street is following him. Then three strangers come to Vasilisa, present a document and start a search. Reveal all the secrets of Vasily. After they leave, Vasilisa and his wife realize that they have been fooled by criminals. Wanda Mikhailovna turns to Karas for help. This time she lays a chic table. Carp is happy.

In house number 13, the reception of guests continues. Aleksey's fellow students arrived and brought alcohol with them. Soon the guys get drunk, Lieutenant Myshlaevsky becomes ill. Turbin gives him medicine. Only in the morning the guests go to bed.

This winter, a large number of military personnel were in Kyiv. Life in the city became hectic, but outside it was much worse.

To protect against Petliura's army, Russian military units begin to form. Karas, Alexei and Mashlaevsky sign up for the service of Malyshev. The hetman and Belokurov leave the city. Colonel Nai-Tours disbands the army.

In December, Nai-Tours gathers a new detachment of soldiers. Petlyura's army enters the City, the colonel's military men fight courageously. Nai-Tours learns that they will not be helped by the hetman. The Colonel realizes that they are trapped.

Junior Turbin arrives at the appointed place where military operations are taking place. A terrible picture unfolds before the young man: the soldiers destroy documents, military attributes, throw down their weapons and run away on the orders of the colonel. Nai-Turs dies on the battlefield from a bullet wound.

Alexey is not aware that the colonel has disbanded the detachment. He comes to the headquarters and sees military equipment and Malyshev, who explains to his friend that the city was surrounded by Petlyura's soldiers. Turbin takes off his shoulder straps and leaves, but the Petliurists want to kill him. One of them shot Alexei. A wounded young man is assisted by an unfamiliar girl, Julia Reiss.

Kolya informs the colonel's relatives about his death. Kolya and Ira find the body of the deceased. They bury him at night.

A few days later, Aleksey feels worse, he starts to get very sick after being wounded. Doctors do not give hope to Turbin's relatives, they say that they should prepare for the worst. Elena pray for her brother. She is ready to sacrifice her husband than her brother. Lesha comes to his senses right in front of the doctors.

A month later, Turbin comes to his savior Yulia and gives her her mother's bracelet as a thank you. Returning, he meets the younger Turbin.

Lena receives a message from a friend. The letter says that her husband has found another woman and will soon marry her. Elena is upset, sobs, remembers her prayer.

In February, Petliura's troops retreat. The Bolsheviks are entering the city.

The novel teaches the reader to love his native home, Motherland, family; do not kill your brother, respect each other, lead a quiet and peaceful life.

Although the manuscripts of the novel have not been preserved, the Bulgakov scholars traced the fate of many prototype characters and proved the almost documentary accuracy and reality of the events and characters described by the author.

The work was conceived by the author as a large-scale trilogy covering the period civil war. Part of the novel was first published in the Rossiya magazine in 1925. The novel in its entirety was first published in France in 1927-1929. The novel was received ambiguously by critics - the Soviet side criticized the writer's glorification of class enemies, the emigrant side criticized Bulgakov's loyalty to Soviet power.

The work served as a source for the play The Days of the Turbins and several subsequent screen adaptations.

Plot

The action of the novel takes place in 1918, when the Germans who occupied Ukraine leave the City, and Petliura's troops capture it. The author describes the complex, multifaceted world of a family of Russian intellectuals and their friends. This world is breaking down under the onslaught of a social cataclysm and will never happen again.

The characters - Alexei Turbin, Elena Turbina-Talberg and Nikolka - are involved in the cycle of military and political events. The city, in which Kyiv is easily guessed, is occupied by the German army. As a result of the signing of the Brest Peace, it does not fall under the rule of the Bolsheviks and becomes a refuge for many Russian intellectuals and military men who flee from Bolshevik Russia. Officer combat organizations are being created in the city under the auspices of Hetman Skoropadsky, an ally of the Germans, recent enemies of Russia. Petliura's army advances on the City. By the time of the events of the novel, the Compiègne truce has been concluded and the Germans are preparing to leave the City. In fact, only volunteers defend him from Petliura. Understanding the complexity of their situation, the Turbins console themselves with rumors about the approach of French troops, who allegedly landed in Odessa (in accordance with the terms of the armistice, they had the right to occupy the occupied territories of Russia up to the Vistula in the west). Alexei and Nikolka Turbins, like other residents of the City, volunteer to join the defenders, and Elena guards the house, which becomes a refuge for former officers of the Russian army. Since it is impossible to defend the city on its own, the hetman's command and administration leave it to its fate and leave with the Germans (the hetman himself disguises himself as a wounded German officer). Volunteers - Russian officers and cadets unsuccessfully defend the City without command against superior enemy forces (the author created a brilliant heroic image of Colonel Nai-Tours). Some commanders, realizing the futility of resistance, send their fighters home, others actively organize resistance and perish along with their subordinates. Petlyura occupies the City, arranges a magnificent parade, but after a few months he is forced to surrender it to the Bolsheviks.

The main character, Aleksey Turbin, faithful to his duty, tries to join his unit (not knowing that it has been disbanded), enters into battle with the Petliurists, gets wounded and, by chance, finds love in the person of a woman who saves him from the persecution of enemies.

The social cataclysm exposes the characters - someone runs, someone prefers death in battle. The people as a whole accept the new government (Petlyura) and, after her arrival, demonstrate hostility towards the officers.

Characters

• Alexey Vasilievich Turbin- doctor, 28 years old.
• Elena Turbina-Talberg- Alexei's sister, 24 years old.
• Nikolka- non-commissioned officer of the First Infantry Squad, brother of Alexei and Elena, 17 years old.
• Viktor Viktorovich Myshlaevsky- lieutenant, friend of the Turbin family, Alexei's comrade at the Alexander Gymnasium.
• Leonid Yurievich Shervinsky- former Life Guards Lancers Regiment, lieutenant, adjutant at the headquarters of General Belorukov, friend of the Turbin family, Alexei's comrade at the Alexander Gymnasium, a longtime admirer of Elena.
• Fedor Nikolaevich Stepanov("Karas") - second lieutenant artilleryman, friend of the Turbin family, Alexei's comrade at the Alexander Gymnasium.
• Sergei Ivanovich Talberg- Captain of the General Staff of Hetman Skoropadsky, Elena's husband, a conformist.
• Father Alexander- priest of the Church of St. Nicholas the Good.
• Vasily Ivanovich Lisovich("Vasilisa") - the owner of the house in which the Turbins rented the second floor.
• Larion Larionovich Surzhansky("Lariosik") - Talberg's nephew from Zhytomyr.

History of writing

Bulgakov began to write the novel " white guard after the death of his mother (February 1, 1922) and wrote until 1924.

The typist I. S. Raaben, who retyped the novel, argued that this work was conceived by Bulgakov as a trilogy. The second part of the novel was supposed to cover the events of 1919, and the third - 1920, including the war with the Poles. In the third part, Myshlaevsky went over to the side of the Bolsheviks and served in the Red Army.

The novel could have had other names - for example, Bulgakov chose between The Midnight Cross and The White Cross. One of the excerpts from the early edition of the novel was published in December 1922 in the Berlin newspaper "On the Eve" under the title "On the night of the 3rd" with the subtitle "From the novel Scarlet Mach". The working title of the first part of the novel at the time of writing was The Yellow Ensign.

It is generally accepted that Bulgakov worked on the novel The White Guard in 1923-1924, but this is probably not entirely accurate. In any case, it is known for sure that in 1922 Bulgakov wrote some stories, which were then included in the novel in a modified form. In March 1923, in the seventh issue of the Rossiya magazine, a message appeared: “Mikhail Bulgakov is finishing the novel The White Guard, covering the era of the struggle against whites in the south (1919-1920).”

T. N. Lappa told M. O. Chudakova: “... He wrote The White Guard at night and liked me to sit around and sew. His hands and feet were getting cold, he told me: “Hurry, hurry hot water“; I heated the water on a kerosene stove, he put his hands into a basin of hot water ... "

In the spring of 1923, Bulgakov wrote in a letter to his sister Nadezhda: “... I am urgently finishing the 1st part of the novel; It's called "Yellow Ensign". The novel begins with the entry into Kyiv of the Petliura troops. The second and subsequent parts, apparently, were supposed to tell about the arrival of the Bolsheviks in the City, then about their retreat under the blows of Denikin, and, finally, about the fighting in the Caucasus. That was the original intention of the writer. But after thinking about the possibilities of publishing such a novel in Soviet Russia Bulgakov decided to shift the time of action to an earlier period and exclude events related to the Bolsheviks.

June 1923, apparently, was completely devoted to work on the novel - Bulgakov did not even keep a diary at that time. On July 11, Bulgakov wrote: "The biggest break in my diary ... It's been a disgusting, cold and rainy summer." On July 25, Bulgakov noted: “Because of the “Beep,” which takes away the best part of the day, the novel almost does not move.”

At the end of August 1923, Bulgakov informed Yu. L. Slezkin that he had finished the novel in a draft version - apparently, work had been completed on the earliest edition, the structure and composition of which still remain unclear. In the same letter, Bulgakov wrote: “... but it has not yet been rewritten, it lies in a heap, over which I think a lot. I'll fix something. Lezhnev is launching a thick monthly magazine "Russia" with the participation of our own and foreign ... Apparently, Lezhnev has a huge publishing and editorial future ahead of him. Rossiya will be printed in Berlin... In any case, things are clearly on the way to revival... in the literary and publishing world.

Then, for half a year, nothing was said about the novel in Bulgakov’s diary, and only on February 25, 1924, an entry appeared: “Tonight ... I read pieces from the White Guard ... Apparently, this circle also made an impression.”

On March 9, 1924, the following message by Yu. L. Slezkin appeared in the Nakanune newspaper: “The White Guard novel is the first part of the trilogy and was read by the author for four evenings in the Green Lamp literary circle. This thing covers the period of 1918-1919, the Hetmanate and Petliurism until the appearance of the Red Army in Kiev ... The minor flaws noted by some pale in front of the undoubted merits of this novel, which is the first attempt to create a great epic of our time.

Publication history of the novel

On April 12, 1924, Bulgakov entered into an agreement for the publication of The White Guard with the editor of the Rossiya magazine I. G. Lezhnev. On July 25, 1924, Bulgakov wrote in his diary: “... phoned Lezhnev in the afternoon, found out that for the time being it was not possible to negotiate with Kagansky regarding the release of The White Guard as a separate book, since he had no money yet. This is a new surprise. That's when I didn't take 30 chervonets, now I can repent. I am sure that the “Guard” will remain in my hands.” December 29: “Lezhnev is negotiating ... to take the novel The White Guard from Sabashnikov and hand it over to him ... I don’t want to get involved with Lezhnev, and it’s inconvenient and unpleasant to terminate the contract with Sabashnikov.” January 2, 1925: “... in the evening ... I sat with my wife, working out the text of an agreement on the continuation of the White Guard in Russia ... Lezhnev is courting me ... Tomorrow, a Jew Kagansky, still unknown to me, will have to pay me 300 rubles and bills. These bills can be wiped off. However, the devil knows! I wonder if the money will be brought tomorrow. I won't hand over the manuscript. January 3: “Today I received 300 rubles from Lezhnev on account of the novel The White Guard, which will go to Russia. They promised for the rest of the bill…”

The first publication of the novel took place in the magazine "Russia", 1925, No. 4, 5 - the first 13 chapters. No. 6 was not published, as the magazine ceased to exist. The novel was published in full by the Concorde publishing house in Paris in 1927 - the first volume and in 1929 - the second volume: chapters 12-20 re-corrected by the author.

According to researchers, the novel The White Guard was completed after the premiere of the play Days of the Turbins in 1926 and the creation of The Run in 1928. The text of the last third of the novel, corrected by the author, was published in 1929 by the Parisian publishing house Concorde.

For the first time, the full text of the novel was published in Russia only in 1966 - the writer's widow, E. S. Bulgakova, using the text of the Rossiya magazine, unpublished proofs of the third part and the Paris edition, prepared the novel for publication Bulgakov M. Selected prose. M.: Fiction, 1966 .

Modern editions of the novel are printed according to the text of the Paris edition with corrections of obvious inaccuracies in the texts of the journal publication and proofreading with the author's revision of the third part of the novel.

Manuscript

The manuscript of the novel has not survived.

Until now, the canonical text of the novel "The White Guard" has not been determined. Researchers for a long time could not find a single page of handwritten or typewritten text of the "White Guard". In the early 1990s an authorized typescript of the end of the "White Guard" was found, with a total volume of about two printed sheets. During the examination of the found fragment, it was possible to establish that the text is the very end of the last third of the novel, which Bulgakov was preparing for the sixth issue of the Rossiya magazine. It was this material that the writer handed over to the editor of Rossiya I. Lezhnev on June 7, 1925. On this day, Lezhnev wrote a note to Bulgakov: “You have completely forgotten Russia. It's high time to submit material for No. 6 to the set, you have to type in the ending of "The White Guard", but you do not enter the manuscripts. We kindly ask you not to delay this matter any longer.” And on the same day, the writer, against receipt (it was preserved), handed over the end of the novel to Lezhnev.

The found manuscript was preserved only because the well-known editor, and then an employee of the Pravda newspaper, I. G. Lezhnev, used Bulgakov’s manuscript to stick on it, as on a paper basis, clippings from newspapers of his numerous articles. In this form, the manuscript was discovered.

The found text of the end of the novel not only differs significantly in content from the Parisian version, but is also much sharper politically - the author's desire to find common ground between the Petliurists and the Bolsheviks is clearly visible. Confirmed and guesses that the writer's story "On the night of the 3rd" is integral part"White Guard".

Historical canvas

The historical events that are described in the novel refer to the end of 1918. At this time in Ukraine there is a confrontation between the socialist Ukrainian Directory and the conservative regime of Hetman Skoropadsky - the Hetmanate. The heroes of the novel are drawn into these events, and, having taken the side of the White Guards, they defend Kyiv from the troops of the Directory. The "White Guard" of Bulgakov's novel differs significantly from white guard White Army. The volunteer army of Lieutenant-General A. I. Denikin did not recognize the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and de jure remained at war with both the Germans and the puppet government of Hetman Skoropadsky.

When the war broke out in Ukraine between the Directory and Skoropadsky, the hetman had to seek help from the intelligentsia and officers of Ukraine, who mostly supported the White Guards. In order to attract these categories of the population to their side, the Skoropadsky government published in the newspapers about the alleged order of Denikin on the entry of troops fighting the Directory into the Volunteer Army. This order was falsified by the Minister of Internal Affairs of Skoropadsky's government, I. A. Kistyakovsky, who thus filled the ranks of the hetman's defenders. Denikin sent several telegrams to Kyiv, in which he denied the existence of such an order, and issued an appeal against the hetman, demanding the creation of a "democratic united government in Ukraine" and warning against helping the hetman. However, these telegrams and appeals were hidden, and the Kyiv officers and volunteers sincerely considered themselves part of the Volunteer Army.

Denikin's telegrams and appeals were made public only after the capture of Kyiv by the Ukrainian Directory, when many of the defenders of Kyiv were captured by Ukrainian units. It turned out that the captured officers and volunteers were neither White Guards nor Hetmans. They were criminally manipulated and they defended Kyiv for no one knows why and no one knows from whom.

The Kiev "White Guard" for all the warring parties turned out to be illegal: Denikin refused them, the Ukrainians did not need them, the Reds considered them class enemies. More than two thousand people were captured by the Directory, mostly officers and intellectuals.

Character prototypes

"The White Guard" in many details is an autobiographical novel, which is based on the writer's personal impressions and memories of the events that took place in Kyiv in the winter of 1918-1919. Turbines is the maiden name of Bulgakov's grandmother on her mother's side. In the members of the Turbin family, one can easily guess the relatives of Mikhail Bulgakov, his Kyiv friends, acquaintances, and himself. The action of the novel takes place in a house that, down to the smallest detail, was copied from the house where the Bulgakov family lived in Kyiv; now it houses the Turbin House museum.

Mikhail Bulgakov himself is recognizable in the venereologist Alexei Turbina. The prototype of Elena Talberg-Turbina was Bulgakov's sister, Varvara Afanasievna.

Many surnames of the characters in the novel coincide with the surnames of real residents of Kyiv at that time or have been slightly changed.

Myshlaevsky

The prototype of Lieutenant Myshlaevsky could be Bulgakov's childhood friend Nikolai Nikolaevich Syngaevsky. In her memoirs, T. N. Lappa (Bulgakov's first wife) described Syngaevsky as follows:

“He was very handsome ... Tall, thin ... his head was small ... too small for his figure. Everyone dreamed of ballet, wanted to enter a ballet school. Before the arrival of the Petliurists, he went to the Junkers.

T. N. Lappa also recalled that the service of Bulgakov and Syngaevsky at Skoropadsky was reduced to the following:

“Syngaevsky and other Mishin’s comrades came and they were talking that it was necessary to keep the Petliurists out and protect the city, that the Germans should help ... and the Germans were still draping. And the guys agreed to go the next day. We even stayed overnight, it seems. And in the morning Michael went. There was a first-aid post... And there was supposed to be a fight, but it seems that there was none. Mikhail arrived in a cab and said that it was all over and that there would be Petliurists.

After 1920, the Syngaevsky family emigrated to Poland.

According to Karum, Syngaevsky "met the ballerina Nezhinskaya, who danced with Mordkin, and during one of the changes in power in Kiev, went to Paris at her expense, where he successfully acted as her dancing partner and husband, although he was 20 years younger her" .

According to the Bulgakov scholar Ya. Yu. Tinchenko, the prototype of Myshlaevsky was a friend of the Bulgakov family, Pyotr Aleksandrovich Brzhezitsky. Unlike Syngaevsky, Brzhezitsky really was an artillery officer and participated in the same events that Myshlaevsky told about in the novel.

Shervinsky

The prototype of Lieutenant Shervinsky was another friend of Bulgakov - Yuri Leonidovich Gladyrevsky, an amateur singer who served (though not an adjutant) in the troops of Hetman Skoropadsky, he subsequently emigrated.

Thalberg

Leonid Karum, husband of Bulgakov's sister. OK. 1916. Thalberg prototype.

Captain Talberg, husband of Elena Talberg-Turbina, has many features in common with the husband of Varvara Afanasyevna Bulgakova, Leonid Sergeevich Karum (1888-1968), a German by birth, a career officer who first served Skoropadsky, and then the Bolsheviks. Karum wrote a memoir, My Life. A story without lies”, where he described, among other things, the events of the novel in his own interpretation. Karum wrote that he greatly annoyed Bulgakov and other relatives of his wife when, in May 1917, he put on a uniform with orders, but with a wide red bandage on his sleeve, for his own wedding. In the novel, the Turbin brothers condemn Thalberg for the fact that in March 1917 he "was the first - understand, the first - who came to military school with a wide red bandage on his sleeve ... Talberg, as a member of the revolutionary military committee, and no one else, arrested the famous General Petrov. Karum was indeed a member of the executive committee of the Kyiv City Duma and participated in the arrest of Adjutant General N. I. Ivanov. Karum escorted the general to the capital.

Nikolka

The prototype of Nikolka Turbina was the brother of M. A. Bulgakov - Nikolai Bulgakov. The events that happened to Nikolka Turbin in the novel completely coincide with the fate of Nikolai Bulgakov.

“When the Petliurists arrived, they demanded that all the officers and cadets gather in the Pedagogical Museum of the First Gymnasium (a museum where the works of the gymnasium students were collected). Everyone gathered. The doors were locked. Kolya said: "Gentlemen, you need to run, this is a trap." Nobody dared. Kolya went up to the second floor (he knew the premises of this museum like the back of his hand) and through some window got out into the courtyard - there was snow in the courtyard, and he fell into the snow. It was the courtyard of their gymnasium, and Kolya made his way to the gymnasium, where he met Maxim (pedel). It was necessary to change the Junker clothes. Maxim took his things, gave him his suit to put on, and Kolya, in civilian clothes, got out of the gymnasium in a different way and went home. Others were shot."

carp

“The crucian was for sure - everyone called him Karas or Karasik, I don’t remember if it was a nickname or a surname ... He looked exactly like a crucian - short, dense, wide - well, like a crucian. His face is round... When Mikhail and I came to the Syngaevsky, he often went there...”

According to another version, which was expressed by the researcher Yaroslav Tinchenko, Andrey Mikhailovich Zemsky (1892-1946) - the husband of Bulgakov's sister Nadezhda, became the prototype of Stepanov-Karas. 23-year-old Nadezhda Bulgakova and Andrey Zemsky, a native of Tiflis and a philologist graduate of Moscow University, met in Moscow in 1916. Zemsky was the son of a priest - a teacher at a theological seminary. Zemsky was sent to Kyiv to study at the Nikolaev Artillery School. In a short leave of absence, the cadet Zemsky ran to Nadezhda - in the same house of the Turbins.

In July 1917, Zemsky graduated from college and was assigned to the reserve artillery battalion in Tsarskoye Selo. Nadezhda went with him, but already as a wife. In March 1918, the division was evacuated to Samara, where a White Guard coup took place. The Zemsky unit went over to the side of the Whites, but he himself did not participate in battles with the Bolsheviks. After these events, Zemsky taught Russian.

Arrested in January 1931, L. S. Karum, under torture in the OGPU, testified that the Zemsky in 1918 was in the Kolchak army for a month or two. Zemsky was immediately arrested and exiled for 5 years to Siberia, then to Kazakhstan. In 1933, the case was reviewed and Zemsky was able to return to Moscow to his family.

Then Zemsky continued to teach Russian, co-authored a textbook of the Russian language.

Lariosik

Nikolay Vasilievich Sudzilovsky. The prototype of Lariosik according to L. S. Karum.

There are two applicants who could become the prototype of Lariosik, and both of them are full namesakes of the same year of birth - both bear the name Nikolai Sudzilovsky, born in 1896, and both from Zhytomyr. One of them, Nikolai Nikolaevich Sudzilovsky, was Karum's nephew (his sister's adopted son), but he did not live in the Turbins' house.

In his memoirs, L. S. Karum wrote about the Lariosik prototype:

“In October, Kolya Sudzilovsky appeared with us. He decided to continue his studies at the university, but he was no longer at the medical, but at the law faculty. Uncle Kolya asked Varenka and me to take care of him. We, having discussed this problem with our students, Kostya and Vanya, suggested that he live with us in the same room with the students. But he was a very noisy and enthusiastic person. Therefore, Kolya and Vanya soon moved to their mother at Andreevsky Descent, 36, where she lived with Lelya in the apartment of Ivan Pavlovich Voskresensky. And in our apartment there were unperturbed Kostya and Kolya Sudzilovsky.

T. N. Lappa recalled that at that time “Sudzilovsky lived with the Karums - so funny! Everything fell out of his hands, he spoke out of place. I don’t remember whether he came from Vilna, or from Zhytomyr. Lariosik looks like him.

T. N. Lappa also recalled: “A relative of some Zhytomyr. I don't remember when he appeared ... An unpleasant type. Some strange, even something abnormal in it was. Clumsy. Something was falling, something was beating. So, some kind of mumbling ... Height is average, above average ... In general, he differed from everyone in something. He was so dense, middle-aged ... He was ugly. Varya liked him immediately. Leonid was not there ... "

Nikolai Vasilyevich Sudzilovsky was born on August 7 (19), 1896 in the village of Pavlovka, Chaussky district, Mogilev province, on the estate of his father, state councilor and district leader of the nobility. In 1916, Sudzilovsky studied at the law faculty of Moscow University. At the end of the year, Sudzilovsky entered the 1st Peterhof School of Ensigns, from where he was expelled for poor progress in February 1917 and sent as a volunteer to the 180th Reserve Infantry Regiment. From there he was sent to the Vladimir Military School in Petrograd, but was expelled from there as early as May 1917. In order to get a deferment from military service, Sudzilovsky married, and in 1918 he and his wife moved to Zhytomyr to live with their parents. In the summer of 1918, the prototype of Lariosik unsuccessfully tried to enter the University of Kiev. Sudzilovsky appeared in the Bulgakovs' apartment on Andreevsky Spusk on December 14, 1918 - the day Skoropadsky fell. By that time, his wife had already abandoned him. In 1919, Nikolai Vasilievich joined the Volunteer Army, and his further fate is unknown.

The second likely contender, also by the name of Sudzilovsky, really lived in the Turbins' house. According to the memoirs of brother Yu. L. Gladyrevsky Nikolai: “And Lariosik is my cousin, Sudzilovsky. He was an officer during the war, then demobilized, trying, it seems, to go to school. He came from Zhytomyr, wanted to settle with us, but my mother knew that he was not a particularly pleasant person, and fused him to the Bulgakovs. They rented a room to him…”

Other prototypes

Dedications

The question of Bulgakov's dedication of the novel to L. E. Belozerskaya is ambiguous. Among the Bulgakov scholars, relatives and friends of the writer, this issue caused different opinions. The writer's first wife, T. N. Lappa, claimed that the novel was dedicated to her in handwritten and typewritten versions, and the name of L. E. Belozerskaya, to the surprise and displeasure of Bulgakov's inner circle, appeared only in printed form. T. N. Lappa, before her death, said with obvious resentment: “Bulgakov ... once brought The White Guard when it was printed. And suddenly I see - there is a dedication to Belozerskaya. So I threw this book back to him ... So many nights I sat with him, fed, looked after ... he told the sisters that he dedicated to me ... ".

Criticism

Critics on the other side of the barricades also had complaints about Bulgakov:

“... not only is there not the slightest sympathy for the white cause (which would be sheer naivety to expect from a Soviet author), but there is also no sympathy for people who have devoted themselves to this cause or are associated with it. (...) He leaves the lubok and rudeness to other authors, while he himself prefers condescending, almost love relationship to your characters. (...) He almost does not condemn them - and he does not need such a condemnation. On the contrary, it would even weaken his position, and the blow that he inflicts on the White Guard from another, more principled, and therefore more sensitive side. The literary calculation here, in any case, is evident, and it is done correctly.

“From the heights, from where he (Bulgakov) opens the whole“ panorama ” human life, he looks at us with a rather dry and rather sad smile. Undoubtedly, these heights are so significant that red and white merge for the eye - in any case, these differences lose their meaning. In the first scene, where tired, bewildered officers, together with Elena Turbina, are having a drinking bout, in this scene, where the characters are not only ridiculed, but somehow exposed from the inside, where human insignificance obscures all other human properties, devalues ​​virtues or qualities - Tolstoy is immediately felt.

As a summary of the criticism that came from two irreconcilable camps, one can consider the assessment of the novel by I. M. Nusinov: “Bulgakov entered literature with the consciousness of the death of his class and the need to adapt to a new life. Bulgakov comes to the conclusion: “Everything that happens always happens as it should and only for the better.” This fatalism is an excuse for those who have changed milestones. Their rejection of the past is not cowardice and betrayal. It is dictated by the inexorable lessons of history. Reconciliation with the revolution was a betrayal of the past of a dying class. The reconciliation with Bolshevism of the intelligentsia, which in the past was not only the origin, but also ideologically connected with the defeated classes, the statements of this intelligentsia not only about its loyalty, but also about its readiness to build together with the Bolsheviks, could be interpreted as sycophancy. In the novel The White Guard, Bulgakov rejected this accusation of the white emigrants and declared: the change of milestones is not a capitulation to the physical winner, but a recognition of the moral justice of the winners. The novel "The White Guard" for Bulgakov is not only reconciliation with reality, but also self-justification. Reconciliation is forced. Bulgakov came to him through the brutal defeat of his class. Therefore, there is no joy from the consciousness that the reptiles are defeated, there is no faith in the creativity of the victorious people. This determined his artistic perception of the winner.

Bulgakov about the novel

It is obvious that Bulgakov understood the true meaning of his work, since he did not hesitate to compare it with "

Year of writing:

1924

Reading time:

Description of the work:

The novel The White Guard, which was written by Mikhail Bulgakov, is one of the main works of the writer. Bulgakov wrote the novel in 1923-1925, and at that moment he himself believed that the White Guard was the main work in his creative biography. It is known that Mikhail Bulgakov even once said that from this novel "the sky will become hot."

However, as the years passed, Bulgakov took a different look at his work and called the novel "failed". Some believe that most likely Bulgakov's idea was to create an epic in the spirit of Leo Tolstoy, but this did not work out.

Read below a summary of the novel The White Guard.

Winter 1918/19 A certain City, in which Kyiv is clearly guessed. The city is occupied by the German occupation troops, the hetman of "all Ukraine" is in power. However, Petliura's army may enter the City from day to day - fighting is already going on twelve kilometers from the City. The city lives a strange, unnatural life: it is full of visitors from Moscow and St. Petersburg - bankers, businessmen, journalists, lawyers, poets - who rushed there from the moment the hetman was elected, from the spring of 1918.

In the dining room of the Turbins' house at dinner, Alexei Turbin, a doctor, his younger brother Nikolka, a non-commissioned officer, their sister Elena and family friends - lieutenant Myshlaevsky, second lieutenant Stepanov, nicknamed Karas and lieutenant Shervinsky, adjutant in the headquarters of Prince Belorukov, commander of all the military forces of Ukraine - excitedly discussing the fate of their beloved City. Senior Turbin believes that the hetman is to blame for everything with his Ukrainization: until the very last moment he did not allow the formation of the Russian army, and if this happened on time, a select army of junkers, students, high school students and officers, of which there are thousands, would be formed, and not only would they have defended the City, but Petliura would not have had a spirit in Little Russia, moreover, they would have gone to Moscow and saved Russia.

Elena's husband, Captain of the General Staff Sergei Ivanovich Talberg, announces to his wife that the Germans are leaving the City and that he, Talberg, is being taken on the staff train departing tonight. Thalberg is sure that it will not pass and three months how he will return to the City with Denikin's army, which is now being formed on the Don. Until then, he can't take Elena into the unknown and she'll have to stay in the City.

To protect against the advancing troops of Petlyura, the formation of Russian military formations begins in the City. Karas, Myshlaevsky and Alexei Turbin come to the commander of the emerging mortar division, Colonel Malyshev, and enter the service: Karas and Myshlaevsky - as officers, Turbin - as a divisional doctor. However, the next night - from December 13 to 14 - the hetman and General Belorukov flee from the City in a German train, and Colonel Malyshev disbands the newly formed division: he has no one to defend, there is no legal authority in the City.

Colonel Nai-Tours by December 10 completes the formation of the second department of the first squad. Considering the conduct of the war without winter equipment for soldiers impossible, Colonel Nai-Tours, threatening the head of the supply department with a colt, receives felt boots and hats for his one hundred and fifty junkers. On the morning of December 14, Petliura attacks the City; Nai-Tours receives an order to guard the Polytechnic Highway and, in the event of the appearance of the enemy, to take the fight. Nai-Turs, having entered into battle with the advanced detachments of the enemy, sends three cadets to find out where the hetman's units are. The sent ones return with a message that there are no units anywhere, machine-gun fire is in the rear, and the enemy cavalry enters the City. Nye realizes that they are trapped.

An hour earlier, Nikolai Turbin, corporal of the third division of the first infantry squad, receives an order to lead the team along the route. Arriving at the appointed place, Nikolka sees with horror the running junkers and hears the command of Colonel Nai-Tours, ordering all the junkers - both his own and from Nikolka's team - to tear off shoulder straps, cockades, throw weapons, tear documents, run and hide. The colonel himself covers the withdrawal of the junkers. In front of Nikolka's eyes, the mortally wounded colonel dies. Shocked, Nikolka, leaving Nai-Turs, makes his way to the house through courtyards and lanes.

In the meantime, Alexei, who was not informed about the dissolution of the division, having appeared, as he was ordered, at two o'clock, finds an empty building with abandoned guns. Having found Colonel Malyshev, he gets an explanation of what is happening: the city is taken by Petliura's troops. Aleksey, tearing off his shoulder straps, goes home, but runs into Petliura's soldiers, who, recognizing him as an officer (in his haste he forgot to tear off the cockade from his hat), pursue him. Wounded in the arm, Alexei is sheltered in her house by a woman unknown to him named Yulia Reise. The next day, having changed Alexei into a civilian dress, Yulia takes him home in a cab. Simultaneously with Aleksey, Larion, Talberg's cousin, comes from Zhytomyr to the Turbins, who has experienced a personal drama: his wife left him. Larion really likes being in the Turbins' house, and all the Turbins find him very nice.

Vasily Ivanovich Lisovich, nicknamed Vasilisa, the owner of the house in which the Turbins live, occupies the first floor in the same house, while the Turbins live in the second. On the eve of the day when Petlyura entered the City, Vasilisa builds a hiding place in which she hides money and jewelry. However, through a gap in a loosely curtained window, an unknown person is watching Vasilisa's actions. The next day, three armed men come to Vasilisa with a search warrant. First of all, they open the cache, and then they take Vasilisa's watch, suit and shoes. After the departure of the "guests" Vasilisa and his wife guess that they were bandits. Vasilisa runs to the Turbins, and Karas is sent to protect them from a possible new attack. The usually stingy Vanda Mikhailovna, Vasilisa's wife, does not skimp here: there is cognac, veal, and pickled mushrooms on the table. Happy Karas is dozing, listening to Vasilisa's plaintive speeches.

Three days later, Nikolka, having learned the address of the Nai-Tours family, goes to the colonel's relatives. He tells Nye's mother and sister the details of his death. Together with the colonel's sister, Irina, Nikolka finds the body of Nai-Turs in the morgue, and on the same night, a funeral service is held in the chapel at the anatomical theater of Nai-Turs.

A few days later, Alexei's wound becomes inflamed, and besides, he has typhus: heat, nonsense. According to the conclusion of the consultation, the patient is hopeless; On December 22, the agony begins. Elena locks herself in the bedroom and passionately prays to the Most Holy Theotokos, begging to save her brother from death. “Let Sergei not return,” she whispers, “but don’t punish this with death.” To the amazement of the doctor on duty with him, Alexei regains consciousness - the crisis has passed.

A month and a half later, the finally recovered Alexei goes to Yulia Reisa, who saved him from death, and gives her the bracelet of his deceased mother. Alexei asks Yulia for permission to visit her. After leaving Yulia, he meets Nikolka, who is returning from Irina Nai-Tours.

Elena receives a letter from a friend from Warsaw, in which she informs her about Thalberg's upcoming marriage to their mutual friend. Elena, sobbing, remembers her prayer.

On the night of February 2-3, Petliura's troops begin to leave the City. The roar of the guns of the Bolsheviks approaching the City is heard.

You have read the summary of the novel The White Guard. We invite you to visit the Summary section for other essays by popular writers.

The novel "The White Guard" by Mikhail Bulgakov is the author's first work in this genre. The work was written in 1923 and published in 1925. The book was written in the tradition of realistic literature XIX century. Reading a summary of The White Guard chapter by chapter and part by part will be useful for those who want to remember the events of the novel before a literature lesson. Also summary books will come in handy for a reader's diary.

Main characters

Alexey Turbin- military doctor, 28 years old. went through the First World War.

Nikolka Turbin- Alexey's younger brother, 17 years old.

Elena Talberg, nee Turbina - sister of Alexei and Nikolka, 24 years old.

Other characters

Sergei Talberg Elena's husband. He leaves his wife in Kyiv, and he, together with the Germans, flees from the country to Germany.

Lisovich (Vasilisa)- the owner of the house in which the Turbins live.

Nai Tours- colonel. Nikolka Turbin is fighting the Petliurists in his detachment.

Viktor Myshlaevsky- An old friend of the Turbins.

Leonid Shervinsky and Fedor Stepanov (Karas)- friends of Alexei Turbin at the gymnasium.

Colonel Malyshev- the commander of the mortar division, in which Karas serves, and in which Myshlaevsky and Alexei Turbin entered the service.

Kozyr-Leshko- Petliurovsky Colonel.

Larion Surzhansky (Lariosik)- Talberg's nephew from Zhytomyr.

Part one

Chapter 1

The action takes place in Kyiv, in December 1918, during the revolution. The intelligent Turbin family - two brothers and a sister - live in the house at number 13 on Alekseevsky Spusk. Twenty-eight-year-old Alexei Turbin, a young doctor, had already gone through the First World War. His younger brother Nikolka is only seventeen and a half years old, and his sister Elena is twenty-four years old. My sister is married to staff captain Sergei Talberg.

This year, the mother of the Turbins died, before her death she wished the children one thing: “Live!” But the revolution, like the blizzard in this terrible year, is only growing and it seems that there will be no end to it. Apparently, the Turbins will not have to live, but to die. Priest Father Alexander, who buried his dead mother, advises Alexei Turbin not to fall into the sin of despondency, but warns that everything will only get worse.

Chapter 2

On a December evening, all the Turbins gather at the hotly heated stove, on the tiles of which they left commemorative drawings all their lives. Alexey and Nikolka sing Junker songs, but Elena does not share their enthusiasm: she is waiting for her husband to go home, worried about him. The doorbell rings. But it was not Talberg who came, but Viktor Myshlaevsky, an old friend of the Turbin family.

He tells a terrible thing: 40 people of his detachment were left in a cordon and promised to be replaced in six hours, but they were replaced in a day. For days, his people could not even light a fire to keep warm, so two people froze to death. Myshlaevsky scolds Colonel Shchetkin from headquarters with the very last words. Turbines warm Myshlaevsky.

The doorbell rang again. This time it was the husband of Elena Talberg, but he did not come for good, he came to collect his things, because the power of Hetman Skoropadsky, planted by the Germans, staggered, the troops of Petliura, a socialist and Ukrainian nationalist, were approaching Kiev from the White Church, so the Germans were leaving the city and he, Thalberg, leaves with them. At one in the morning, General von Bussow's train leaves for Germany. Talberg says that he cannot take Elena with him "on wanderings and the unknown." Elena cries, and Talberg promises his wife to return to Kyiv with Denikin's troops.

Chapter 3

Engineer Vasily Lisovich, nicknamed Vasilisa for his cunning, almost feminine character, is the Turbins' neighbor from below. He covered the window with a white sheet so that no one from the street could see where he was hiding the money. But it was the white sheet on the window that attracted the attention of a passerby. He climbed a tree and, through the gap between the window and the sheet, saw that the engineer had hidden the money in a hiding place inside the wall. Lisovich falls asleep. He dreams of thieves. He wakes up from some noise.

Upstairs, at the Turbins, it's noisy. Guests came to them: Alexei's friends from the gymnasium - lieutenant Leonid Shervinsky and second lieutenant Fyodor Stepanov, nicknamed Karas. The Turbins have a feast, they drink vodka and wine, which the guests brought with them. Everyone gets drunk, Myshlaevsky becomes especially ill, he is soldered with medicines. Karas is campaigning for everyone who wants to defend Kyiv from Petlyura, to enter the mortar division being formed, where an excellent commander is Colonel Malyshev. Shervinsky, who is in love with Elena, is very happy about Thalberg's departure. Everyone goes to bed at dawn. Elena cries again, as she understands that her husband will never return for her.

Chapter 4

More and more wealthy people are coming to Kyiv, who are fleeing the revolution from Russia, where the Bolsheviks now rule. Among the refugees were not only officers who went through the First World War, like Alexei Turbin, but also landowners, merchants, factory owners, and many officials. They huddled with their wives, children and mistresses in tiny apartments and modest hotel rooms, but at the same time they threw money on endless carousing.

Few officers enter the service of the hetman's convoy, but the rest loiter around idle. In Kyiv, four cadet schools are closed, the cadets fail to complete the course. among them was Nikolka Turbin. Everything is calm in Kyiv, thanks to the Germans, but news comes from the villages that the peasants continue to plunder, that a period of chaos and lawlessness is coming.

Chapter 5

In Kyiv, it is becoming more and more alarming. In the spring, they first blew up a warehouse with shells, and then the Socialist-Revolutionaries killed the commander of the German army, Field Marshal Eichhorn. Symon Petlyura is released from the hetman's prison, striving to lead the rebellious peasants. And the peasant revolt is dangerous because the men returned from the fronts of the First World War with weapons.

Alexei has a dream in which he meets Captain Zhilin with a squadron of hussars at the gates of Paradise, who died in 1916 in the Vilna direction. Zhilin told Turbin that the apostle Peter let the whole detachment into Paradise, even the women launched, whom the hussars grabbed along the way. And Zhilin said that he saw mansions in Paradise, which were painted with red stars. “And this,” says the Apostle Peter, “is for the Bolsheviks, who are from Perekop.” Zhilin was surprised that atheists were allowed into Paradise. But he received an answer that the Almighty does not care: believers or not, that for God they are all the same, “killed in the battlefield.” Turbin himself wanted to get to Paradise, he tried to go through the gate, but woke up.

Chapter 6

In the former store of Madame Anjou "Paris Chic", which was located in the very center of Kyiv on Teatralnaya Street, now the "Record of volunteers in the Mortar Division" is taking place. In the morning, still drunk from the night, Karas, who is already in the division, brings Alexei Turbin and Myshlaevsky there.

Colonel Malyshev, the division commander, is very glad to see like-minded people in his ranks who, like him, hate Kerensky. In addition, Myshlaevsky is an experienced artilleryman, and Turbin is a doctor, so they are immediately recorded in the division. In an hour they should be on the parade ground of the Alexander Gymnasium. Alexey manages to run home in an hour and change clothes. He is very happy to put on again military uniform, to which Elena sewed new shoulder straps. On the way to the parade ground, Turbin sees a crowd of people carrying several coffins. It turned out that the Petliurists at night in the village of Popelyukha killed the entire officer corps, gouged out their eyes and carved epaulettes on their shoulders.

Colonel Malyshev inspects the volunteers and disbands his division until tomorrow.

Chapter 7

That night Hetman Skoropadsky hurriedly left Kyiv. He was dressed in a German uniform and his head was tightly bandaged so that no one could recognize the hetman. He is taken away from the capital according to the documents of Major Schratt, who, according to legend, accidentally wounded himself in the head when he was unloading a revolver.

In the morning, Colonel Malyshev informs the assembled volunteers about the disbandment of the mortar division. He orders "the entire division, with the exception of gentlemen officers and those junkers who were on guard tonight, to immediately go home!" After these words, the crowd became excited. Myshlaevsky says that they must protect the hetman, but the colonel informs everyone that the hetman shamefully fled, leaving them all to the mercy of fate, that they have no one to protect. With that, the officers and cadets disagree.

Part 2

Chapter 8

In the morning, Petlyura's Colonel Kozyr-Leshko from the village of Popelyukhi sends his troops to Kyiv. Another Petliura colonel, Toropets, came up with a plan to encircle Kyiv and launch an offensive from Kurenevka: with the help of artillery, distract the defenders of the city and arrange a main attack from the south and center.

These colonels are led by Colonel Shchetkin, who secretly abandons his troops in a snowy field and goes to visit some plump blonde in a rich apartment, where he drinks coffee and goes to bed.

Another Petlyura colonel, distinguished by his impatient disposition, Bolbotun, violates Torobets' plan and breaks into Kyiv with his cavalry. He is surprised that he met no resistance. only at the Nikolaevsky School he was fired from a single machine gun by thirty cadets and four officers. The centurion of Bolbotun Galanba cuts with a saber a random passerby, who turned out to be Yakov Feldman, the hetman's armor parts supplier.

Chapter 9

An armored car arrives to help the junkers. Bolbotun has already lost, thanks to the junkers, seven Cossacks killed and nine wounded, but he manages to get much closer to the city center. At the corner of Moskovskaya Street, Bolbotun's path is blocked by an armored car. It is mentioned that there are four vehicles in the hetman's armored division. The well-known writer Mikhail Shpolyansky was appointed to command the second armored car. Since he entered the service, something was wrong with the cars: armored cars break down, gunners and drivers suddenly disappear somewhere. But even one car is enough to stop the Petliurists.

Shpolyansky has an envious person - the son of a librarian - Rusakov, who is sick with syphilis. once Shpolyansky helped Rusakov print an atheistic poem. Now Rusakov repents, he spits on his work and believes that syphilis is a punishment for atheism. He tearfully prays to God for forgiveness.

Shpolyansky and the driver Shchur go on reconnaissance and do not return. Pleshko, the commander of the armored division, also disappears.

Chapter 10

Hussar colonel Nai-Turs, a talented commander, is completing the formation of the second department of the squad. There is no supply. His junkers are undressed. Nai-Tours knocks out felt boots for all the junkers from Staff General Makushin.

On the morning of December 14, Petlyura attacked Kiev. An order came from the headquarters: Nye must guard the Polytechnic Highway with his junkers. There he joined the battle with the Petliurists. The forces were unequal, so Nye sends three junkers to find out when help from other hetman units comes, transport is still needed to evacuate the wounded. After a while, the cadets report that there will be no help. Nye realizes that he and his cadets are trapped.

Meanwhile, in the barracks on Lvovskaya Street, the third section of the infantry squad of twenty-eight cadets awaits orders. Since all the officers left for headquarters, Corporal Nikolai Turbin turns out to be the senior in the detachment. The phone rang and orders were given to move into position. Nikolka leads his detachment to the indicated place.

Alexei Turbin comes to the former Parisian fashion store at two o'clock in the afternoon, where he sees Malyshev, who is burning papers. Malyshev advises Turbin to burn his shoulder straps and leave through the back door. Turbin followed his advice only at night.

Chapter 11

Petliura takes the city. Colonel Nai-Tours dies heroically, covering the retreat of the junkers, whom he orders to tear off shoulder straps and cockades. Nikolka Turbin, who remained next to Nai-Turs, sees his death, and then runs away himself, hiding in the yards. Through Podol he returns home and finds Elena crying there: Alexey has not returned yet. By night, Nikolka manages to fall asleep, but he wakes up when he hears the voice of a stranger: “She was with her lover on the very sofa on which I read poetry to her. And after the bills for seventy-five thousand I signed without hesitation, like a gentleman ... And, imagine, a coincidence: I arrived here at the same time as your brother. Hearing about her brother, Nikolka jumps out of bed and rushes to the living room. Alexei was wounded in the hand. Inflammation began, but it was impossible to take him to the hospital, because the Petliurists could find him there. Fortunately, neither bones nor large vessels were affected.

Part Three

Chapter 12

The stranger turned out to be Larion Surzhansky, whom everyone calls Lariosik. He is the nephew of Talberg from Zhytomyr. He left the city to visit his relatives, because his wife cheated on him. Lariosik is kind and clumsy, loves canaries. He is comfortable and joyful at the Turbins. He brought with him an impressive wad of money, so the Turbins willingly forgive him for the broken service.

Alexei has a fever. A doctor is called for him and an injection of morphine relieves his suffering. All Turbina's neighbors are told that Aleksey has typhus, they hide his injury. Nikolka, on the other hand, rips off all the inscriptions from the stove, which indicate that officers live in the house.

Chapter 13

Aleksey Turbin was injured because he decided, after running out of a Parisian fashion store, not to go straight home, but to see what was happening in the center of Kyiv. On Vladimirskaya Street, he came across the Petliurists, who immediately recognized him as an officer, because Turbin, although he tore off his shoulder straps, forgot to take off his cockade. "Yes, that's an officer! Fuck the officer! they shout. Petliurists wounded Turbin in the shoulder. Alexei took out a revolver and fired six bullets at the Petliurists, keeping the seventh for himself, so as not to be captured and to avoid torture. Then he ran through the yards. In some courtyard, he found himself at a dead end, exhausted by the loss of blood. An unfamiliar woman named Yulia, who lived in one of the houses, hid Turbine in her place, threw away his bloody clothes, washed and bandaged his wound, and a day later brought him home to Alekseevsky Spusk.

Chapter 14

Alexei, indeed, is found to have typhus, which the Turbins spoke of in order to hide his injury. Myshlaevsky, Shervinsky and Karas appear in turn in the apartment on Alekseevsky Spusk. They stay with the Turbins and play cards all night long. A sudden knock on the door makes everyone nervous, but it is only the postman who brought a belated telegram about the arrival of Lariosik. As soon as everyone calms down, they pound on the door. Opening the door, Myshlaevsky literally caught Lisovich, the Turbins' downstairs neighbor, in his arms.

Chapter 15

It turns out that Lisovich's door also rang that evening. He did not want to open it, but he was threatened that they would start shooting. Then Lisovich let three men armed with revolvers into the apartment. They searched his apartment “by order”, showing Lisovich some paper with an indistinct seal, supposedly in support of their words. Uninvited guests they quickly find a hiding place in the wall in which Lisovich hid the money. They take everything from Vasilisa, down to clothes and shoes, and then demand that he write a receipt that he gave all the things and money to the voluntary Kirpaty and Nemolyaka. Then the robbers left, and Vasilisa rushed to the Turbins.

Myshlaevsky advises Lisovich not to complain anywhere and be glad that he survived. Nikolka decided to check whether the revolvers hanging outside the window were still there, but the box was not there. The robbers took him and, perhaps, it was with this weapon that they threatened Vasilisa and his wife. Turbines tightly clog the gap between the houses, through which the robbers climbed.

Chapter 16

The next day, after a prayer service in St. Sophia's Cathedral, a parade began in Kyiv. A crush ensued. In this crush, a Bolshevik orator climbed onto the fountain and made a speech. The crowd of people did not immediately understand what the Bolshevik revolutionary was agitating for, and the Petliurists, on the contrary, understood everything and wanted to arrest the speaker. But instead of a Bolshevik, Shchur and Shpolyansky hand over to the Petliurists a Ukrainian nationalist who is falsely accused of stealing. The crowd begins to beat the "thief", and the Bolshevik manages to escape. Karas and Shervinsky admire the courage of the Bolsheviks.

Chapter 17

Nikolka cannot muster up the courage to inform the relatives of Colonel Nai-Tours about his death. finally, he makes a decision and goes to the right address. A woman in pince-nez opens the door to his apartment. in addition to her, there are two more ladies in the apartment: an elderly one and a young one, very similar in appearance to Nai-Turs. Nikolka didn't have to say anything, because the colonel's mother understood everything from his face. Nikolka decides to help the colonel's sister, Irina, pick up her brother's body from the mortuary of the anatomical theater. Nai-Turs is buried as it should be. The colonel's family is very grateful to Nikolka.

Chapter 18

On December 22, Alexei Turbin becomes very ill. He no longer comes to his senses. Three doctors, having gathered a council, issue a merciless verdict. Elena, in tears, begins to pray that Alexei will come to his senses. Their mother died, her husband left Elena. How can she survive together with Nikolka without Alexei? Her prayer was answered. Alexey came to his senses.

Chapter 19

In February 19919, Petliura's power comes to an end. Alexei is recovering and can already move around the apartment, however, with a stick. He again begins medical practice and receives patients at home.

Rusakov, who is ill with syphilis, comes to see him and scolds Shpolyansky for no reason and speaks on religious topics. Turbin advises him not to get involved in religion, so as not to go crazy and be treated for syphilis.

Alexei has found Yulia, the woman who saved him, and gives her a bracelet that once belonged to his mother as a token of gratitude. On the way home from Yulia, Alexei met Nikolka, who went to Nai-Turs's sister, Irina.

In the evening, Lisovich came to the Turbins' apartment with a letter from Warsaw, in which the Turbins' acquaintances expressed bewilderment about the divorce of Talberg and Elena, as well as in connection with his new marriage.

Chapter 20

On the night of February 3rd, before finally leaving Kyiv, the Petliurists dragged a Jew across the land, whom Kozyr-Leshko beat on the head with a ramrod until he died.

Alexei dreams that he is running from the Petliurists, but is dying.

Lisovich dreams that some piglets with fangs have ruined his wonderful garden, and then attacked him.

At the Darnitsa station there is an armored train in which a Red Army soldier is stubbornly struggling with dreams.

Rusakov does not sleep, he reads the Bible.
Elena dreams of Shervinsky, who clings a star to his chest and Nikolka, who looks like a dead man.

But the most best sleep sees five-year-old Petya Shcheglov, who lives with his mother in an outbuilding. He dreams of a green meadow, and in the center of the meadow - a sparkling ball. Splashes burst out of the ball and Petya laughs in his sleep.

Conclusion

Mikhail Bulgakov said that the "White Guard" is "a stubborn image of the Russian intelligentsia as the best layer in our country ...". One of the most important motifs in the novel is the theme of the family. For the Turbins, their home is like Noah's Ark, in which everyone can take refuge in the turbulent, terrible years of the raging revolution and the chaos of anarchy. At the same time, each of the heroes strives in this dashing time to preserve himself, his self, his humanity.

Novel test

Test memorization summary test:

Retelling rating

Average rating: 4.1. Total ratings received: 326.