Why do flies bite in June. Why do flies bite at the end of summer. Biting flies - who are they? Why do flies bite people and animals? African tryponosomiasis, or sleeping sickness. What flies can bite and how to distinguish biting flies from harmless ones

With the onset of the first warm spring days, insects appear, including the ubiquitous flies. And if during the spring and most of the summer they behave mostly peacefully, then in August the flies bite, and very painfully. It was believed that they become evil in anticipation of death with the onset of the cold season. This is fundamentally wrong - in the fall, another type of insect attacks people and bites painfully - the flies, the number of which increases many times by the end of summer.

Stinger flies are very similar in appearance to ordinary house flies, differing only in the structure of the proboscis

Flies are two-winged insects distributed throughout the world. Currently, about 5 thousand of their species are known. The bulk feeds on plant sap, decaying fruits and other organic matter, faeces, manure. Only a small part of these insects bite. Blood-sucking flies are capable of attacking people and animals. The most common of these are stinger flies.

In appearance and biological features Stingers are very similar to house flies, which is why they believe that house flies bite. These are gray insects 5-7 mm long. The main difference from non-predatory species of flies is in the structure of the proboscis. Ordinary flies cannot bite a person or animal, since their proboscis is soft and cannot pierce the skin. Zhigalok's proboscis is elongated and "armed" with rough chitinous plates, with which they cut through the skin of the victim. Both females and males of these insects feed on blood (and therefore bite). Mostly their victims are animals and only occasionally - people. Penetrating under the skin with their proboscis, zhigal flies inject poisonous saliva into the wound, so their bite causes severe pain and itching.

During the summer, Zhigals are found in large numbers in places where domestic animals gather - on pastures and farms, where they have all the conditions for feeding and breeding. During her life, one female lays up to 400 off-white eggs in manure or decaying plant debris, and sometimes in animal wounds. The larvae hatch from the eggs in 1-5 days, depending on the ambient temperature. In the larval phase, the future fly stays for 2-4 weeks, after which a pupa is formed. After another 7-26 days, young stallions are born, which are able to lay eggs for about 10-15 days. Thus, the cycle of development of a fly from an egg to an insect release lasts from three to eight weeks. During the warm season, several generations of Zhigalka manage to emerge, quickly increasing their numbers. By autumn, the largest number of individuals is reached.

mechanical way fly control - the simplest and most harmless, but ineffective

In autumn, with the onset of night cooling, these insects often fly into houses and apartments for warmth, and, having no other sources of food, bite people. That is why most often these insects bite in the fall. The appearance of a stinger fly in human habitation is especially dangerous if there are infants or the elderly and disabled in the house who are not able to drive away insects and prevent a bite.

Stinger flies feed on blood, which means they bite animals and people. At the same time, they are able to carry pathogens of dangerous diseases, such as tularemia, sepsis, trypanosomiasis, anthrax, and many others. It is clear that it is better not to allow the bites of these insects. Control measures for biting flies are practically the same as methods for dealing with house flies. They can be divided into mechanical, chemical and biological.

• Mechanical barriers include various barriers on windows and ventilation in the form of mosquito nets that prevent insects from entering the premises.

To destroy those individuals who managed to get into the apartment, they are used sticky tapes or Various types traps.

These methods are effective in controlling adult flies and are aimed at preventing insect bites. These methods are harmless to residents, which is why they are used mainly in residential areas.

• Chemicals, which include various insecticides, help get rid of not only adult insects, but also larvae. Farm premises, manure heaps, animal stalls are treated with these preparations.
• In large farms it is possible to use biological control methods that are completely harmless to humans and animals. For this purpose, predatory insects (entomophages) are used, which feed on various types flies and their larvae. The population of harmful flies will decline rapidly.

Flies wake up in the spring, accompany us in the summer and even in the fall do not give rest. But if at first they pester only with their buzzing, then since August they have already been biting. Popular opinion says that insects become evil with the approach of autumn, as they will die soon. However, this version, of course, does not have any confirmation, if only because insects cannot experience any feelings. So why do flies really bite?

With their bites, flies annoy not only humans, but also animals.

Who bites us and why

Those flies that have been with us throughout the spring and summer are not capable of causing any harm. These are ordinary houseflies with a soft proboscis, which is simply not designed to pierce hard skin. Such insects feed exclusively on plant juices, fruits, waste products and plant debris, and in general, are harmless.

And closer to cool days, representatives of another species become especially active - zhigalki. It is these flies that bite in August. Outwardly, the stinger and the housefly are very similar, so they are constantly confused.

Habitats of zhigalok

Predatory flies live mainly on farms and pastures, where they bite cows, bulls and horses, since it is their blood that forms the basis of the diet. Farmers are doing their best, but due to the high breeding rate, swarms of carnivorous flies do not decrease.

On a note! The Stinger fly is very prolific and can reproduce four generations of offspring during the summer!

Females make their clutches in compost and manure heaps, where the heat from decay helps the hatched larvae to develop successfully. The young come out of the egg after about 5 days, after 2-4 weeks the larvae turn into pupae, from which new flies appear after another 1-4 weeks. And after 10 days, the young that emerged from the pupae are already completely ready for reproduction.

By the beginning of autumn, there are especially many zhigalok flies, so some of them fly away from farms and pastures in search of new food sources. In addition, the gradual cooling forces them to look for warm shelters in which it will be possible to calmly survive the approaching night frosts. As a result, they end up in residential buildings, where they attack a person. That's why flies bite in autumn.

Bite Features

As mentioned above, in biology and morphology, the zhigalka fly is very similar to the housefly: the body length is about 6-7 mm, the integuments are painted in grey colour, dark stripes on the chest, dark gray spots on the abdomen. The main difference is the oral apparatus, represented in predators by a strongly elongated proboscis. At the end of this organ there are rigid chitinous plates bent back. With them, the fly rubs against the skin of its victim, scrapes off the layer of the epidermis and feeds on blood. At the same time, she injects a poisonous secret, which leads to irritation. Because of this, the bite of the fly is quite painful.

Plus, zhigalki flies are carriers of pathogens of many diseases, among the most dangerous:

• causative agents of staphylococcal infection;
• anthrax;
• tularemia;
• sepsis.

However, some diseases are zoonotic - common to animals and humans.

Pet Protection

Stingers in most cases bite animals, not only cattle, but also some pets. For example, flies can gnaw on the ears of a dog, often very actively, and the owners do not know what to do to help their pet. Protecting your pet is pretty easy. Some owners prefer to use folk remedies, in particular, grease. It has a strong repulsive smell and creates a protective oil film on the skin, which prevents the attack of flies and other insects. At night, grease can be washed off with ordinary toilet soap and in the morning, if necessary, renew its layer.

Dog owners come to the aid of special factory sprays designed to repel blood-sucking insects. There are several preparations that are suitable not only for cattle, but also for dogs and even cats. Among them:

• "Muhocid". Repellent spray, in the composition of which the substance is present - diethyltoluamide. Its action is enhanced by camphor and menthol. It is used externally and provides a comfortable stay in nature, while hunting and walking in the forest, as well as in swampy areas. But if the animal gets wet in the rain or swims in a pond, the effect of the drug stops.
  

  Important! Read the instructions carefully and follow the application rules. pay attention to side effects: "Muhocid" can provoke an allergic reaction, urticaria, erythema and dermatitis, therefore, for dogs sensitive to the components of this remedy, it is highly undesirable to use it!

  What else can you treat a dog from flies? As practice shows, in the fight against flying predators, the OFF ointment brings excellent results. Only to protect against flies, it is advisable to use a remedy not for mosquitoes, but for horseflies and midges. The ointment is applied in an even thin layer on the skin, bypassing wounds and other problem areas. In addition, there is also a spray in the OFF line of preparations. If desired, you can use it, but only carefully so as not to get on the mucous eyes of the animal.

  And remember that if your dog is bitten by flies, then you should immediately look for a remedy for them. Insects often cause very serious problems, biting the tips of the ears so hard that these wounds have to be treated in a veterinary clinic.

When spring comes, and everything around begins to bloom, I want to go to the bosom of nature as soon as possible, eliminate the picnic. But these charms can be overshadowed by midges - winged insects, whose bites can cause irreparable harm to a person. Midges can be found on alleys, in parks and squares, they annoy urban and rural residents. Consider which flies bite, as well as why flies bite, and is there any reason to panic.

Mosquito bite danger

A person may not immediately feel the moment of a bite of a midge (in other words, they can be called midges), because the insect begins to inject an anesthetic that dilates blood vessels in the skin. But if the midge has bitten, then after a few hours a person may feel the first symptoms and ailments. They depend on the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as the degree of severity. The reasons for these factors are quite simple, because midges have a very poisonous saliva that causes characteristic signs.

Why does swelling occur

After the introduction of saliva, a biting fly can fly away and forget about its action, but after that a person has swelling after a midge bite. By the way, an allergy to midge bites is not the only manifestation. There are other risks associated with the possibility of blood contamination with viruses (the carriers of which are these insects), as well as with intoxication by microorganisms. The greatest activity of midges is observed during hot and sunny days, in August, most often they "attack" people wearing light-colored clothes. They often "hunt" at night. Also attracts them and the smell of sweat. In bad weather, such activity is not observed.

We remove the edema formed after the bite

It is not worth ignoring the fact that the midge has bitten, since the lack of treatment can cause vascular diseases. To prevent the negative effects of a midge bite, you can use various means, but the most effective measures are preferred.

Soda-based compresses made by mixing a teaspoon of soda in 0.5 cups of water.

Substances and preparations containing menthol, this also includes toothpastes with a cooling effect.

Ice, which is wrapped in a soft cloth, and applied for several hours, this will reduce swelling and inflammation.

But what to choose from bites if an allergic reaction occurs? After all, sometimes the midge bites painlessly. Consider how else you can treat the bites of representatives of this unwanted "neighborhood".

What needs to be done?

If the first itching from a midge bite appears, the affected skin area must be treated with pure alcohol or a special alcohol solution. This is necessary for disinfection and elimination of bleeding. After that, you need to ensure that the affected area is monitored for several days, to see what the midge bite looks like, what changes in symptoms occur over time.

The bite entails not only swelling, but also significant soreness. This is due to the special composition of the poison, you want to comb the affected area all the time. In this case, the treatment consists of regularly wiping the lesion with a 9% acetic solution or baking soda. To disinfect the surface, brilliant green is used. Considering the answer to the question of how to treat the symptoms of a bite, it can be noted that even without any special manifestations, a preventive medication will be required. An effective drug is suprastin, which relieves redness and itching. If the place has swelled up, and the person has an allergic reaction, it is recommended to take fenistil. If all measures are taken, and the situation does not improve, the only thing to do is to consult a doctor.

Midge bite in the eye: measures and actions

All midges bite indiscriminately - what they see, the bite of a midge in the eye carries a special danger. When a midge bitten into the eye, there are many manifestations - there is painful itching, increased release of lacrimal fluid, redness and swelling of the eye and mucous membrane, as well as around the eye area. If a bitten person suffers from an allergic reaction to such bites, additional symptoms if a fly has bitten the eye may include pain in the head, dizziness, shortness of breath and chest tightness. If the eye is swollen, being at the epicenter of the negative influence, measures must be taken.

In no case should you rub a bitten eye to ensure the safety of the mucous membrane.

Rinse and blot the wound, provide skin cooling with ice, apply a pressure bandage, blot the lesion with a swab or disc.

In traditional medicine, the situation is solved by applying an anti-inflammatory cream around the eye.

To remove toxins from the body, it is necessary to drink as much liquid as possible, preferably clean water.

If a child was bitten by a midge, or it happened to an adult, a series of actions must be performed. The most common complaint of affected people is the occurrence of itching, which leads to a strong desire to scratch the skin. To prevent a reaction to toxins, a number of actions must be taken.

Increased edema in children and adults can be cured with folk remedies.

If the eye is swollen, a slice of raw potatoes is applied to it;

applying crushed mint or bird cherry leaves will simplify the process;

special compresses made from parsley have an effect.

It is worth remembering that if the midge managed to bite the eye, and it is swollen, the first action to be taken is to seek specialized help in order to restore vision and eyes in a timely manner and return to a normal rhythm of life.

Bite in the leg: features

Midges can bite day and night, while absolutely any place can be negatively affected. The greatest danger is the case when the leg is bitten in the area of ​​​​the ankle or lower leg. The situation is aggravated by the fact that in this part of the body, swelling and other symptoms can persist for several weeks, which leads to the formation of circulatory disorders and the occurrence of vascular diseases. Therefore, if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe leg is swollen, appropriate measures must be taken.

Effective traditional medicine

Traditional medicine is far from the only effective remedy designed to deal with midge bites. If there are no allergic manifestations, all kinds of folk remedies are used for the treatment process, which can prevent an allergic symptom and eliminate swelling.

Plantain juice from a pre-mashed leaf;

soft mint leaves, preferably “young”;

gruel made from raw cabbage leaves;

onion head;

dandelion leaves;

essential oils lemon.

To ensure prevention, especially at night, it is recommended not to use perfumes with pronounced aromas, and also not to wear too light-colored clothes. Mosquito nets must be attached to the windows.

Best Pharmaceuticals

Ointments with antiallergic effect

These funds are usually applied twice a day - day and night.

fenistil gel

cinovite in the form of a cream

ointment prednisolone

hyoxyson.

solcoseryl;

panthenol;

actovergin.

So, we looked at what the bites of midges look like in the photo, and determined exactly how different midges bite. If any part of the body has been subjected to negative influence and managed to swell, it is important to take certain measures in a timely manner.

Already in August Diptera become aggressive and begin to bite. According to our ancestors, this is how they expressed dissatisfaction with the impending cold and the imminent death that they foresaw. But science has proven that this behavior of insects is not associated with their imminent death. It's just that towards the end of summer, the number of a certain species of individuals, known as the autumn fly, increases significantly.

Why flies start to bite

Evil individuals can attack a person, and their bite is painful. In appearance, a biting fly does not differ from an ordinary one, but if you look closely, the difference is easy to see. Most of these individuals are outside the city. Therefore, all those who like to relax in the country or in nature often encounter harmful Diptera in late August and early autumn.

Why do flies bite and how to deal with annoying insects? Let's start with the fact that only a few species of Diptera bite, among them the Stinger. It is she who is called autumn or evil. And if someone doubts whether flies bite people, then we can say with confidence: they bite, and with a specific goal - to drink blood.

But why do flies bite in autumn? There are several reasons for this:

1. the number of individuals increases sharply;
2. increased need for food before the onset of cold weather;
3. competition between Diptera in the struggle for food increases;
4. cold snap forces to move closer to the person.

Usually, the Stinger fly feeds on the blood of animals, but when the number of insects increases greatly, the flies bite people. The burner is not attracted to sweets and food that a person eats, so individuals circling over the table have nothing to do with the burner.

What flies bite, besides the zhigalki? The most famous are horsefly and tsetse. But the first prefers to live near the water, and the second in our climatic conditions does not inhabit. So the only colored fly that bites is the Stinger.

Her bite is far from harmless. Zhigalka is a carrier of diseases such as anthrax, relapsing fever, tularemia, yellow fever. A massive attack of insects on livestock can lead to their death.

How to recognize a fly

In size and shape, the predator resembles an ordinary fly. The Zhigalka is distinguished by a long proboscis with a sheen. Who does not know what flies bite with, then with this proboscis. It works in exactly the same way as a mosquito: through it, the insect sucks in blood. At the end of the proboscis are teeth. Using them, the insect bites through the skin.

Among other differences zhigalki:

• dense and shortened body,
• wide spread wings
• the presence of stripes on the abdomen.

The development period of the insect is 2-3 weeks. This explains why the number of pests grows so much by autumn. The insect lays its eggs in manure or straw, but sometimes lays eggs directly in the open wound of the animal.

The appearance of a fly is not too different from a room individual. But their behavior and lifestyle are different. The predator sees in a person only a source of food. If a burner appeared in the house, it means that it will bite all the time. Diptera is dangerous to babies and people with handicapped, which cannot themselves drive away annoying individuals. With multiple bites, weight loss may occur. If flies bite in the fall and annoy the owners of a house or apartment, it is necessary to treat the premises.

The bite site is treated soda solution, and an antihistamine is taken orally to prevent allergic reactions. If swelling and inflammation appear, you should consult a doctor.

Now we have found out whether flies bite, and what kind of threat they pose to humans. Diptera themselves are not dangerous if their number does not exceed the permissible level, and sick animals do not live in the neighborhood, which could become a source of infection for others.

Probably, many of us have noticed that with the onset of autumn, some insects, especially flies, begin to show a little more aggression towards humans than usual.

Why do flies bite in general? Are there blood-sucking flies? These questions are answered in this article. As well as the explanation of what makes the bloodsucking flies show such an unhealthy interest in a person precisely in the autumn period, which only intensifies with the onset of the first cold weather.

Who bites?

Let's not hide the fact that among such insects, seemingly harmless in terms of physical impact on the surrounding insects, like flies, there are many predators. We won't stop at exotic varieties like a tsetse fly or a Siberian gnat, but let's talk about our native, domestic, one might say, kind of biting flies, which is autumn burner.

Zhigalka autumn: description.

Autumn Stinger is an insect from the family of real flies. Outwardly, the autumn fly practically does not differ from any other, the same room fly. It is also small in size, usually reaches a length of no more than 5-8 mm. It has a solid gray color with a slightly darker thoracic region and a slightly lighter abdomen, on which black dots can be seen.

Home hallmark of these insects is their predatory nature. These are the same bloodsuckers as mosquitoes or vampire bats. Their mouth apparatus has a proboscis-like structure that allows these bloodsuckers to pierce the skin of warm-blooded animals and suck out the blood that serves as food for these predators.

How does the bite happen?

The fly, as we have already said, has the necessary tool to access our blood. Her proboscis has a pointed shape, and even along the edges of its tip there are small teeth resembling a nail file. At the same time, the tip of the proboscis looks flat, resembling a serrated knife.

With the help of these teeth, the insect wipes the top layer of the skin, after which it injects its poisonous saliva into the bite site, the composition of which does not allow the blood to clot quickly. Thus, having drilled a hole in the skin, this bloodsucker licks the blood droplets that have come out.

What is dangerous?

Development phases of flies.

Well, here we even start with the fact that the bite of a zhigalka is very painful. After all, it is not without reason that this species of flies received such a name. At the time of the bite, a person feels a rather strong burning pain.

This is not at all a harmless mosquito bite that appears only some time later, no. Zhigalka acts, shall we say, much rougher. A mosquito next to a fly is just a jeweler in his business.

In addition to, in fact, a painful puncture with a proboscis, a fly-stinger, moreover, brings saliva that irritates the affected area, which has an inflammatory effect at the site of the bite.

In addition to pain and inflammation at the puncture site, these two-winged pests, like all flies, are malicious carriers of all kinds of dangerous diseases.

One can only imagine how many times this pest used its piercing weapon during the season, and how dangerous the bite of such a carrier of any nasty things can be for a person.

Among those diseases that the bite of such a bloodsucker can reward us with, we highlight the following, namely:

• sepsis;
• anthrax;
• tuberculosis;
• dysentery;
• polio;
• trypanosomiasis.

And this is not the whole list of “free services” that this pest can voluntarily and completely free of charge provide to us.

How to treat a bite?

Now it is quite reasonable to talk about what to do if a fly has bitten. First aid measures are somewhat similar to those that turn out to be with a wasp sting, however, of course, in a much more relaxed version.

So, if you were bitten by a fly, you need to do the following:

• wash the wound, preferably with hydrogen peroxide or just soapy water;
• take an antihistamine, for example, suprastin;
• to relieve pain, you can apply cold lotions with ice to the bitten place;
• treat the bite site with iodine;
• control your condition and appearance wounds for suspicion of infection.

Thus, if everything goes well and the bite site begins to heal (usually the next day), you can not worry, the inflammation will soon go away on its own. If there is a persistence of the inflammatory process at the site of the bite, or, even more so, on the face of a deterioration in well-being, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Why do they bite?

Here we come to the main issue of this review. Indeed, why do flies tend to bite, especially somewhere from the end of August, until the November frosts.

In part, we have already answered the question earlier, pointing out the predatory lifestyle of these insects and their need for blood for nutrition. But this is only one side of the coin, because the blood is also necessary for the stingers to be able to produce offspring, like mosquitoes.

This biting fly becomes active in autumn for the simple reason that the insect feels the approach of cold weather. The fly quickly reacts to the tendency of the daily weather to steadily strive to worsen the conditions for the life and reproduction of the insect, hence the behavior of these biting bloodsuckers shows nervousness and haste.

Among the reasons why flies still bite in autumn, we also note the maximum increase in the population of insects of all species from August to October. That is, competition in the struggle for food sources is increasing.

Also, one should not forget about the cold weather, the approach of which makes insects increasingly intersect with humans, stimulates them to look for suitable places for wintering or laying eggs in human habitats.

Prevention

Here it is very short and without innovations. At home, do not forget to use mosquito nets on the windows. And on the street, and especially during suburban country maneuvers, you should use special sprays that repel bloodsuckers and do not yawn.

Conclusion

So, we found out the main reasons why the flies were biting last fall. Now we know that not all flies are harmless, and among them there are many that can deliver memorable sensations with a painful bite.

We also got acquainted with such a variety of flies as the Stinger, and now we know that this bloodsucker is a peddler of many dangerous diseases, which this insect can reward with any gaping lover of outdoor recreation.

In addition to true bloodsuckers - mosquitoes and bedbugs, there are some types of flies that gladly replenish this category of insects. The question here is not that flies actually bite or not, but which flies and why do they bite in August or autumn. Oddly enough, it is not the usual house flies that attack a person, the oral apparatus of which is not adapted for bites. The main predators living on the territory of Russia and carrying out an attack on humans are:

Autumn flies

Stomoxys calcitrans. Outwardly, biting flies are very similar to habitual flying insects. And after their painful attacks, bewilderment arises - do house flies bite. There are differences in appearance, but they can only be noticed after careful consideration, these are:

Habitats and life cycle of the zhigalka

The usual habitat of the insect is pasture for livestock, a barn or paddock. Under these conditions, both a table and a house are always ready for them, that is, an abundance of warm-blooded animals as food and overripe hay or manure for reproduction and rest. The diet of the insect is only blood, and in one bite, the flies drink a volume twice their own weight.

The breeding characteristics of bloodsuckers give the answer to why flies bite at the end of summer. Masonry, zhigalki arrange in manure or in animal litter, in the warmest places at a temperature not lower than 35 ° C. The insect goes through a full cycle of development, but the time of each stage is much shorter than that of the house fly.

The laid eggs develop only a day and release the larva, which, in turn, successively passing through four stages of maturation, after 4 days turns into an adult insect. And in a day, the insect in the adult stage is ready for mating. The life cycle of a fly can be 7-8 weeks, and during this time, the Stinger makes 5-7 clutches of 100 eggs. When it gets colder to 10°C or lower, the burner goes into hibernation. It can overwinter at any stage - larvae, eggs and adults.

Why do flies bite in autumn?

The onset of a cold snap makes zhigalok look for warmer places and during this period they may appear in the house. How flies bite is remembered for a long time. Unlike an ordinary flying insect, chitinous plates are located at the end of the proboscis at the end of the proboscis. With them, she scrapes the skin to the blood vessel and, before eating, injects a poison that prevents blood clotting.

Both females and males attack. By the end summer period, the population of insects is quite significant and a person who falls under their arm begins to wonder whether house flies bite or some others. The bite of this insect causes burning pain, followed by swelling. In addition to painful sensations, the burner carries many pathogens of dangerous diseases:

• sepsis;
• tularemia;
• trypanosomiasis;
• anthrax, etc.

For parents, if their children were attacked by a stinger, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor, and not to think about whether the flies bite in August in a city apartment.

Other flies that bite

A visit to a forested area can bring acquaintance with other types of dipterous predators, especially if there are water bodies nearby.

horseflies

Tabanidae. The attack is carried out by female insects, since they need blood for a successful pregnancy. The oral apparatus of horseflies is universal and is equipped with both mandibles for eating plant foods and chitinous stylets for piercing the skin and feeding on blood.

The interesting question here is not what flies bite during pregnancy, but how much blood they consume at a time. The female horsefly is very bloodthirsty and can consume up to 200 mg of blood per intake.

Blood-sucking midge

Bysson maculata and Odagmia ornate. When flies bite, it is painful, but when a swarm of midges attacks, it is also fraught with severe swelling and allergic reactions. Moshkara, these are the most biting flies in August and June. With a large number of midge bites, the development of simulidotoxicosis is possible.

The short proboscis does not contribute to rapid penetration to the blood vessels, so the midge carefully chooses the bite site in order to quickly get to the blood. Most often it is the eyelids, nose, open limbs.

Like horseflies, the female feeds on blood for procreation. Blood proteins are needed for the formation of the egg shell and as a reserve nutrients. Since eggs are laid in water bodies, it is there that the greatest number of them is observed.

This insect is called a cattle tormentor. Many do not know whether these flies bite people or not. Peculiarity life cycle insect, consists in a long existence in the form of a larva, inside a living carrier.

In the imago stage, the gadfly exists only for a few days. During this time, he needs to find a warm-blooded carrier - a forest animal or livestock. In extreme cases, the laying is made in the grass and can get into the stomach of the herbivore. There are cases of attacks on humans. With such attacks, in case of development of edema, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

To protect against blood-sucking insects, especially in forests, it is recommended to wear discreet tight clothing and use repellents. In the house, use Velcro, repellent essential oils and protective nets.

With the onset of warm days, various insects appear in the house and on the street. But towards the end of summer (August) and the beginning of autumn, some bite strongly. Flies in this case are no exception. They want to drink blood. This event can adversely affect the state of human health, since the winged ones are capable of infecting the body of their victim through the skin.

Information about flies

Experts count more than 120 thousand flies around the world. They can be found in any country. The most dangerous are found in warm climates. IN Russian Federation common are such biting varieties:

The danger of individuals

There were times when many people suffered from the transferred plague bacillus. The African fly is able to tolerate sleeping sickness, which is fraught with a violation of the nervous system.

The fact was recorded that these Diptera become more evil in August. Their numbers are at their highest this month. The females begin their breeding season. This is what says why flies bite: they need additional source food. When bitten, the disease is coded for the disease that was received.

Symptoms and therapy

Flies are active during the period when bees collect honey. In order not to confuse the bite of this insect with a bee, you need to know the symptoms and manifestation . These include:

• Local increase in temperature.
• Slight swelling.
• Irritation and itching.
• Redness of the affected area.

In a child, the manifestations are more pronounced: the traces increase in size and turn very red. In the case when a tsetse fly bites, boils may appear.

Multiple injuries are the most painful. If the fly bites the limbs or the stomach, an inflammatory process occurs. This can worsen the general condition of a person and cause malaise, as well as swelling of soft tissues.

It is worth treating the wounds with an antiseptic agent: iodine or brilliant green, alcohol. It is better for kids to smear damage with products that do not contain alcohol: hydrogen peroxide or chlorhexidine. To reduce the manifestation of local reactions, ointments with a calming and cooling effect are used. In order not to develop an allergic reaction, it is recommended to give "Diazolin" or "Zodak" in drops.

Usually, hyperemia and allergies can develop from simple varieties of insects. When swelling of the damaged area, it is necessary to cool the place and treat it with antiseptic preparations. It is also recommended to apply a gel-like ointment "Fenistil" or "Nezulin" to this area. In order not to harm the child even more, it is worth consulting with a pediatrician. In this situation, "Rescuer" and "Bepanten" are indispensable helpers.

Consequences and complications

When these two-winged insects bite in autumn, there is no particular concern, because at the first frost they will fly away. But many bites can provoke the development of skin diseases and allergies. But with the defeat of the Tsetse fly, the consequences can occur weeks or even months after the pathogen enters the body.

The disease can develop over 5 years. When infected with trypanosomes, a hematolymphatic period occurs, during which fever is observed.

The fact that a fatal outcome occurs is evidenced by a depressive state, tremor of the limbs and ataxic gait. After that, the victim may fall into a coma.

Prevention measures

Behind last years sleeping sickness has been significantly reduced. This is due to the best prevention measures. People try as much as possible to avoid those places where this kind of winged lives: agricultural areas and tropical shrubs.

In the event that a biting fly is present in a living room, it is worth using repellers that affect individuals of various kinds. Also, processing things using permethrin helps a lot with the bite of a tsetse fly. But you can drive out the insects that have settled in the living room and with the help of reliable proven methods available to everyone: a wine or vinegar trap.

• Duct tape.
• Light trap.
• Essential oils with aromas of lavender, basil or cloves.

If you regularly clean the room, dipterous insects will be significantly less . They will be uncomfortable where clean drains and floors, there are no leftover food and other debris that they can eat.

To prevent the development of serious diseases, it is worth actively fighting flies, at least in the home and office.

These predatory insects are very similar to flies that live near humans, their main difference is in the structure of the oral apparatus.

We also add that ordinary flies exist due to plant foods and human waste, so their nose is not adapted to other food. But zhigalki are predators-bloodsuckers.

As a rule, hordes of these flies can be found near farms where there are many livestock and other animals.

We also add that with the onset of cold weather, zhigals seek to take refuge in a human dwelling in search of warmth.

The appearance and main features of the zhigalki are similar to ordinary flies

horseflies

This type of blood-sucking insect has distinguishing feature- only females feed on blood, which, after laying eggs, become aggressive and voracious, and males feed only on nectar and plant sap.

What is the danger of predatory flies

Feeding on blood and making their bites, they can become the causative agent of such serious illnesses as tularemia, trypanosomiasis, anthrax and others.

Predatory bloodsuckers, in addition to feeding on blood, have the unpleasant property of laying their larvae in the created wounds. Then the process of suppuration begins, which can end in failure, up to the need for an operation, if the necessary measures are not taken in time to treat the bite site. This factor is one of the most dangerous as a result of contact with predatory insects.

Stinger flies are especially dangerous for infants and the elderly, therefore, if they appear in housing where there are small children or the elderly, urgent measures must be taken to eliminate them.

Ways to fight

How to deal with these predators? Of course, it is best to put mosquito nets, traps, adhesive tapes on the windows, constantly close the door or hang curtains. One fly swatter is not so easy to get rid of them. However, these methods are suitable for small living spaces.

But on an industrial scale and on farms, they fight with zhigalki in more serious ways:

• mechanical;
• chemical;
• biological.

The former include all kinds of barriers on windows and ventilation openings (including mosquito nets, as well as different types traps). These methods help get rid of adults that bite.

Chemical preparations - insecticides - even get rid of fly larvae. These funds are used in farm premises, they process manure heaps, as well as livestock stalls.

When spring comes, and everything around begins to bloom, I want to go to the bosom of nature as soon as possible, eliminate the picnic. But these charms can be overshadowed by midges - winged insects, whose bites can cause irreparable harm to a person. Midges can be found on alleys, in parks and squares, they annoy urban and rural residents. Consider which flies bite, as well as why flies bite, and is there any reason to panic.

Mosquito bite danger

A person may not immediately feel the moment of a bite of a midge (in other words, they can be called midges), because the insect begins to inject an anesthetic that dilates blood vessels in the skin. But if the midge has bitten, then after a few hours a person may feel the first symptoms and ailments. They depend on the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as the degree of severity. The reasons for these factors are quite simple, because midges have a very poisonous saliva that causes characteristic signs.

Why does swelling occur

After the introduction of saliva, a biting fly can fly away and forget about its action, but after that a person has swelling after a midge bite. By the way, an allergy to midge bites is not the only manifestation. There are other risks associated with the possibility of blood contamination with viruses (the carriers of which are these insects), as well as with intoxication by microorganisms. The greatest activity of midges is observed during hot and sunny days, in August, most often they "attack" people wearing light-colored clothes. They often "hunt" at night. Also attracts them and the smell of sweat. In bad weather, such activity is not observed.

We remove the edema formed after the bite

It is not worth ignoring the fact that the midge has bitten, since the lack of treatment can cause vascular diseases. To prevent the negative effects of a midge bite, you can use various means, but the most effective measures are preferred.

Soda-based compresses made by mixing a teaspoon of soda in 0.5 cups of water.

Substances and preparations containing menthol, this also includes toothpastes with a cooling effect.

Ice, which is wrapped in a soft cloth, and applied for several hours, this will reduce swelling and inflammation.

But what to choose from bites if an allergic reaction occurs? After all, sometimes the midge bites painlessly. Consider how else you can treat the bites of representatives of this unwanted "neighborhood".

What needs to be done?

If the first itching from a midge bite appears, the affected skin area must be treated with pure alcohol or a special alcohol solution. This is necessary for disinfection and elimination of bleeding. After that, you need to ensure that the affected area is monitored for several days, to see what the midge bite looks like, what changes in symptoms occur over time.

The bite entails not only swelling, but also significant soreness. This is due to the special composition of the poison, you want to comb the affected area all the time. In this case, the treatment consists of regularly wiping the lesion with a 9% vinegar solution or baking soda. To disinfect the surface, brilliant green is used. Considering the answer to the question of how to treat the symptoms of a bite, it can be noted that even without any special manifestations, a preventive medication will be required. An effective drug is suprastin, which relieves redness and itching. If the place has swelled up, and the person has an allergic reaction, it is recommended to take fenistil. If all measures are taken, and the situation does not improve, the only thing to do is to consult a doctor.

Midge bite in the eye: measures and actions

All midges bite indiscriminately - what they see, the bite of a midge in the eye carries a special danger. When a midge bitten into the eye, there are many manifestations - there is painful itching, increased release of lacrimal fluid, redness and swelling of the eye and mucous membrane, as well as around the eye area. If a bitten person suffers from an allergic reaction to such bites, additional symptoms if a fly has bitten the eye may include pain in the head, dizziness, shortness of breath and chest tightness. If the eye is swollen, being at the epicenter of the negative influence, measures must be taken.

In no case should you rub a bitten eye to ensure the safety of the mucous membrane.

Rinse and blot the wound, provide skin cooling with ice, apply a pressure bandage, blot the lesion with a swab or disc.

In traditional medicine, the situation is solved by applying an anti-inflammatory cream around the eye.

To remove toxins from the body, it is necessary to drink as much liquid as possible, preferably clean water.

If a child was bitten by a midge, or it happened to an adult, a series of actions must be performed. The most common complaint of affected people is the occurrence of itching, which leads to a strong desire to scratch the skin. To prevent a reaction to toxins, a number of actions must be taken.

Increased edema in children and adults can be cured with folk remedies.

If the eye is swollen, a slice of raw potatoes is applied to it;

applying crushed mint or bird cherry leaves will simplify the process;

special compresses made from parsley have an effect.

It is worth remembering that if the midge managed to bite the eye, and it is swollen, the first action to be taken is to seek specialized help in order to restore vision and eyes in a timely manner and return to a normal rhythm of life.

Bite in the leg: features

Midges can bite day and night, while absolutely any place can be negatively affected. The greatest danger is the case when the leg is bitten in the area of ​​​​the ankle or lower leg. The situation is aggravated by the fact that in this part of the body, swelling and other symptoms can persist for several weeks, which leads to the formation of circulatory disorders and the occurrence of vascular diseases. Therefore, if the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe leg is swollen, appropriate measures must be taken.

Effective traditional medicine

Traditional medicine is far from the only effective remedy designed to deal with midge bites. If there are no allergic manifestations, all kinds of folk remedies are used for the treatment process, which can prevent an allergic symptom and eliminate swelling.

Plantain juice from a pre-mashed leaf;

soft mint leaves, preferably “young”;

gruel made from raw cabbage leaves;

onion head;

dandelion leaves;

essential oils of lemon.

To ensure prevention, especially at night, it is recommended not to use perfumes with pronounced aromas, and also not to wear too light-colored clothes. Mosquito nets must be attached to the windows.

Best Pharmaceuticals

Ointments with antiallergic effect

These funds are usually applied twice a day - day and night.

fenistil gel

cinovite in the form of a cream

ointment prednisolone

hyoxyson.

solcoseryl;

panthenol;

actovergin.

So, we looked at what the bites of midges look like in the photo, and determined exactly how different midges bite. If any part of the body has been negatively affected and has had time to swell, it is important to take certain measures in a timely manner.

In addition to true bloodsuckers - mosquitoes and bedbugs, there are some types of flies that gladly replenish this category of insects. The question here is not that flies actually bite or not, but which flies and why do they bite in August or autumn. Oddly enough, it is not the usual house flies that attack a person, the oral apparatus of which is not adapted for bites. The main predators living on the territory of Russia and carrying out an attack on humans are:

Autumn flies

Stomoxys calcitrans. Outwardly, biting flies are very similar to habitual flying insects. And after their painful attacks, bewilderment arises - do house flies bite. There are differences in appearance, but they can only be noticed after careful consideration, these are:

Habitats and life cycle of the zhigalka

The usual habitat of the insect is pasture for livestock, a barn or paddock. Under these conditions, both a table and a house are always ready for them, that is, an abundance of warm-blooded animals as food and overripe hay or manure for reproduction and rest. The diet of the insect is only blood, and in one bite, the flies drink a volume twice their own weight.

The breeding characteristics of bloodsuckers give the answer to why flies bite at the end of summer. Masonry, zhigalki arrange in manure or in animal litter, in the warmest places at a temperature not lower than 35 ° C. The insect goes through a full cycle of development, but the time of each stage is much shorter than that of the house fly.

The laid eggs develop only a day and release the larva, which, in turn, successively passing through four stages of maturation, after 4 days turns into an adult insect. And in a day, the insect in the adult stage is ready for mating. The life cycle of a fly can be 7-8 weeks, and during this time, the Stinger makes 5-7 clutches of 100 eggs. When it gets colder to 10°C or lower, the burner goes into hibernation. It can overwinter at any stage - larvae, eggs and adults.

Why do flies bite in autumn?

The onset of a cold snap makes zhigalok look for warmer places and during this period they may appear in the house. How flies bite is remembered for a long time. Unlike an ordinary flying insect, chitinous plates are located at the end of the proboscis at the end of the proboscis. With them, she scrapes the skin to the blood vessel and, before eating, injects a poison that prevents blood clotting.

Both females and males attack. By the end of the summer period, the insect population is quite significant and the person who falls under their arm begins to wonder whether house flies bite or some others. The bite of this insect causes burning pain, followed by swelling. In addition to painful sensations, the burner carries many pathogens of dangerous diseases:

• sepsis;
• tularemia;
• trypanosomiasis;
• anthrax, etc.

For parents, if their children were attacked by a stinger, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor, and not to think about whether the flies bite in August in a city apartment.

Other flies that bite

A visit to a forested area can bring acquaintance with other types of dipterous predators, especially if there are water bodies nearby.

horseflies

Tabanidae. The attack is carried out by female insects, since they need blood for a successful pregnancy. The oral apparatus of horseflies is universal and is equipped with both mandibles for eating plant foods and chitinous stylets for piercing the skin and feeding on blood.

The interesting question here is not what flies bite during pregnancy, but how much blood they consume at a time. The female horsefly is very bloodthirsty and can consume up to 200 mg of blood per intake.

Blood-sucking midge

Bysson maculata and Odagmia ornate. When flies bite, it is painful, but when a swarm of midges attacks, it is also fraught with severe swelling and allergic reactions. Moshkara, these are the most biting flies in August and June. With a large number of midge bites, the development of simulidotoxicosis is possible.

The short proboscis does not contribute to rapid penetration to the blood vessels, so the midge carefully chooses the bite site in order to quickly get to the blood. Most often it is the eyelids, nose, open limbs.

Like horseflies, the female feeds on blood for procreation. Blood proteins are needed for the formation of the egg shell and as a supply of nutrients. Since eggs are laid in water bodies, it is there that the greatest number of them is observed.

This insect is called a cattle tormentor. Many do not know whether these flies bite people or not. The peculiarity of the life cycle of an insect lies in its long existence in the form of a larva, inside a living carrier.

In the imago stage, the gadfly exists only for a few days. During this time, he needs to find a warm-blooded carrier - a forest animal or livestock. In extreme cases, the laying is made in the grass and can get into the stomach of the herbivore. There are cases of attacks on humans. With such attacks, in case of development of edema, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor.

To protect against blood-sucking insects, especially in forests, it is recommended to wear discreet tight clothing and use repellents. In the house, use Velcro, repellent essential oils and protective nets.

All flies, from a biological point of view, belong to the order Diptera, which has more than 80 thousand winged individuals. If everything is more or less clear with this fact, then opinions are divided further. For example, some are sure that there are no flies at all. Others believe that these insects, on the contrary, become aggressive at the end of summer and before autumn rains.

Who really bites?

autumn zhigalka

If we talk about insects that live on the territory of Russia, then the popular biting flies, of course, include their separate species - the autumn stinger. These are bloodsuckers. It was thanks to the burners that it appeared among the people: flies bite - it's coming. It is important to remember here that this is not a housefly, which suddenly changed its culinary delights and is embittered, but a different kind of insect. The second name is a bite.

Stingers lay their 9mm larvae in manure. They pupate directly in the ground.

Outwardly, it looks like a housefly, only a little larger. In addition, there are differences in the structure of the proboscis, and its wings are slightly wider than those of an ordinary house fly. Favorite biting spots - countryside, stables, stables. After all, there is appropriate food for them.

Man from zhigalok most often in August and September. Those who think they bite all year round are slightly wrong. It is worth noting that the favorite place of the bite of these flies is the legs. Having aimed, the stinger slightly pierces the skin with its proboscis, injects a special saliva into the wound that prevents blood clotting, and begins to suck it. Such bites do not go unnoticed - an allergic reaction is not long in coming. It comes on instantly, accompanied by burning and pain.

These are perhaps the largest flies of the Diptera order. Some individuals reach a length of 3 cm. Horseflies are one of the most greedy bloodsuckers. The female is able to suck out up to 200 milligrams of blood at a time. For comparison: 70 can suck the same amount of blood at the same time.

Like mosquitoes, only females bite humans in horseflies. They need blood during the fertilization period for the maturation of eggs. Horsefly males, like male mosquitoes, feed on flower nectar.

It is important to note that the bites of these flies are painful and dangerous. The fact is that horseflies carry infectious diseases including anthrax and polio.

tsetse fly

In Central Africa, the world-famous tsetse fly. In addition to its painful stings, tsetse carries the pathogens of "sleeping sickness". If appropriate measures are not taken in time, the bite site will swell, after which the lymph glands will increase and death will occur. From last stage"sleeping sickness" there is no escape. A person dies from deep exhaustion of the body.

With the onset of spring, numerous insects become active. No exception are annoying flies that choose habitats closer to people. Plenty of food, warm homes, excellent breeding conditions - this contributes to the growth of their population. But if in the summer annoying neighbors do not cause us much harm, in the fall everything changes dramatically. They actively annoy, attack and even bite a person.

There is an opinion that pests begin to actively attack a person only with the approach of cold weather. This phenomenon is associated with the imminent death of insects and their increased aggression. Of course, this opinion is wrong. So why are flies angry in August?

Common "house" fly- is a vegetarian. As food, she chooses the juice of fruits and plants, the remains of the vital activity of people and animals, and decay products. Having a soft proboscis, the fly is not able to pierce the skin, let alone bite. She has no jaw, she can only feast on liquid food.

Stinger fly- carnivorous pest. To maintain life, it must feed on the blood of animals and less often of humans. Evolution rewarded them with a dense proboscis, which is covered with chitinous plates. Such a "weapon" allows them to easily pierce the skin of not only humans, but also cattle. When bitten, the Stinger injects a burning toxic poison into the wound, which is why its attack is so painful.

How to deal with autumn flies in the house?

The danger of fly bites should not be underestimated, especially if there are small children or disabled people in the house who are unable to drive away the pest. Take care of the prevention of the appearance of zhigalok. Better from early autumn, close tightly entrance doors, do not allow protein decay products (old meat, fish, etc.) to appear in the house.

You can protect the premises using various flycatchers, which attract insects due to the presence of attractants. The "odorous" substance is placed in a small container and installed in places where flies most often appear - windows, front doors. Such traps can significantly reduce the population of flies in the house and "catch" individuals that accidentally entered.

An excellent solution would be a fly trap Fly Trap by Swissinno(the cost of the trap - from 500 rubles)

Another way to deal with flies can be sticky tapes that are hung from the ceiling or any surface. The pest sticks to the device and soon dies. True, such devices do not look aesthetically pleasing, and it is difficult to call them hygienic. As an option, you should turn to a modern solution -. The disadvantage of traps is that they are not able to destroy the larvae and eggs of insects.

A more powerful weapon against flies can be considered chemical preparations in the form of aerosols (sprays) or aquafumigators. Often such insecticides have a multicomponent formula of toxic poisons. As soon as the poison is sprayed on the surface, the chemicals begin to evaporate, which will paralyze internal organs flies. Insecticides in cylinders are very convenient to use.

It is enough to spray in places where pests accumulate, close the windows tightly and in a couple of hours there will not be a single fly in the room. The advantage of insecticides is that they kill not only various types of adult flies, but also destroy offspring, eggs, which can be laid in hard-to-reach places. This happens due to a dense cloud of insecticides that will penetrate into any gap.

• processing area - up to 30 m2
• effective against - Flies / Ants / Mosquitoes / Cockroaches / Bed bugs
• cost - from 600 rubles

Read the instructions for use, reviews and

Too much a lot of flies in the house in autumn and nothing helps?

Try one of the most effective devices These are insecticidal lamps. Special powerful units are able to very quickly clean the house of pests, and not harm the household. The principle of operation of the lamp is simple - they are equipped with a UV lamp, which radiates heat and attracts the Stinger fly. Depending on the model, structures can be equipped with a special grid under tension. As soon as the fly flies up and sits on the grate, it will be struck by a current discharge.

Flies appear with the first rays of spring. By August, they begin not only to interfere with their buzzing, but also to bite quite painfully. Why do flies bite, what is the reason for their aggressive behavior?

Many people think that flies simply, having a premonition of imminent death, become angry, which is why they bite. Such an opinion is erroneous.

Painful bites are caused only by certain types of flies - zhigalki, the number of which increases several times by autumn. These flies are trying to stock up for hibernation necessary quantity protein, so that in the spring there is an opportunity to produce offspring.

They get protein from the blood of animals, people and even carrion. That is why zhigalki are distributors of anthrax, sepsis and other serious diseases.

Flies are carriers of serious diseases.

When a fly bites through the skin, from its proboscis, or rather, from the glands, a poisonous substance penetrates under the skin, which causes a strong burning sensation.

It is because of the poisonous saliva that the flies got their name. It is difficult for a layman who does not have knowledge in the science of insects to distinguish an ordinary fly from a zhigalki.

It is worth noting that Zhigal flies are highly prolific: in a heap of manure, in animal wounds or rotten products, one female brings about 300-400 eggs. To prevent flies from curling in the house, it is necessary to simply keep order and keep food in the refrigerator.