Notes of a florist: coffee tree. Coffee tree: diseases, care, photo Black spots on the leaves of the coffee tree

For me, as a person who is fond of breeding indoor plants, the most important thing in choosing the next specimen to replenish my collection is its exoticism. Of course, the plant itself should be beautiful, but not only. It should also arouse interest among others, because it is always nice to be proud of your pet. And if such a plant also bears fruit, then this is just a real hit! And such a plant in my collection is a coffee tree.

We all know that coffee grows in hot countries, and its main varieties have familiar names: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. But few people have had a chance to see how coffee looks like in wildlife, only if you go on a tour of a coffee plantation. Well, wouldn't it be great to have a whole plantation of coffee on your windowsill? With these thoughts, I went to the nearest flower shop.

At room conditions it is absolutely possible to collect up to one kilogram of coffee, but only from already mature trees from six years old.

Arabica coffee tree, or rather, its sprouts, I purchased in large quantities in a network garden store. About 15-20 shoots 7-10 centimeters high grew in a pot. Bad, weak and damaged-looking sprouts were immediately thrown away, and good ones were planted in pots of two or three pieces. The bushes grew quite quickly and after two or three years they turned into beautiful trees that began to bear fruit.

Coffee berries delighted me for several months. They were green at first and then turned red. They ripened for about 6-8 months, and about five grains were harvested from the first harvest. In fact, under room conditions, it is absolutely possible to collect up to one kilogram of coffee, but only from already mature trees from six years old.

Growing a coffee tree at home

Priming

Land for coffee tree should be very light, air and water permeable. In principle, the soil that is sold for tropical plants may be suitable, it will just have these characteristics. If you prepare the soil yourself, then you can take a mixture of peat and humus in a 50/50 ratio as a basis. You can also put a few pieces of charcoal in the pot, which will relieve the souring of the earth. Moreover, the pot for planting must be chosen high, since the root system goes down.

Fertilizer

The coffee tree grows all year round, therefore, requires regular top dressing, approximately every ten days. Fertilize with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. As a nitrogen fertilizer, you can use pomace from peat, biohumus, which can be bought in garden stores. As a phosphorus top dressing, you can use a solution of superphosphate. And from the ashes you can get a good potash top dressing.

crown formation

Small coffee seedlings grow only upwards. As it grows, skeletal branches begin to grow, which are closely connected with the trunk. Accordingly, in order for the crown to develop evenly, the tree must be regularly rotated around its axis so that the plant develops evenly.

Coffee tree care

Despite the fact that coffee is a resident of the subtropics, it is not recommended to put a pot under direct sunlight, since in nature coffee grows in partial shade from large trees. Most best windows in the apartment: eastern or western. Since coffee is a tropical plant, it is very important temperature regime, especially in winter. The room temperature should not fall below 15°C. At low temperatures, a black border will appear on the leaves, then the leaf turns black and falls off.

Also in winter, I advise you to put a plank or foam plastic under the pot so that the roots of the plant do not freeze. And finally, coffee categorically does not tolerate drafts. In winter, you should be especially careful when ventilating the premises. If cold air hits the plant, the coffee will immediately freeze.

If the tips of the leaves dry on coffee, this is the first sign of dry air. Solution to the problem: you must either increase the humidity in the room - put a humidifier or a container of water under the battery. You can also regularly spray the bush with a spray bottle. It is very useful to wash the foliage at least once a month with warm water in the shower, so that the water does not flood the pot. With such regular care, the leaves will always be shiny and beautiful.

In addition, regular spraying of coffee will protect against spider mites, the most important pest that can appear in the home. The first signal of its appearance are bright dots on the leaves - puncture sites, and, of course, small cobwebs.

If the tips of the leaves dry on coffee, this is the first sign of dry air.

You should also be careful when watering. You can not pour the plant, the leaves will become faded and begin to fall off. And don't overdry. Given that the surface of the leaves of the coffee tree is large, moisture evaporates very quickly. As soon as the earth ball dries up, the leaves will instantly fall off. Therefore, it is extremely important to water the plant with a small amount of water almost every day so that the earth always remains moist, but at the same time the water does not stagnate in the pot pan. Water should be watered at room temperature, settled, soft and without lime.

Coffee tree resuscitation experience

My plants survived clinical death twice. The first case occurred when the plant was frozen by opening a window in winter at a temperature of -25 ° C. Only the stalk remained of the coffee then, and the leaves instantly fell off. The second case - in my absence, the plant was watered irregularly, and it withered, dropping leaves again. The recipe for revitalization for such nearly dead plants was regular misting with reduced watering. After a few months, the plants turned green again.

Thus, having provided the plant with comfortable conditions, you can admire not only the dark green foliage, but also harvest real coffee with enviable regularity! By the way, you want to know what I did with my first crop? Of course, I immediately distributed it in pots with earth and now I am waiting for a new harvest. Soon I will have my own little coffee plantation on the windowsill, which will be the talk of the whole office and, hopefully, beyond.

Now on the windowsills of the most ordinary apartments can be found quite exotic plants. Such crops are not very rare now, but trying to grow them on your own is a very interesting and exciting activity. The most common exotic indoor plants include laurel, lemon Tree and other types of citrus. Also, many of our fellow citizens are fond of growing coffee trees. And it is very disappointing when a plant grown with such difficulty begins to wither. Let's talk on this "Popular about Health" page about what diseases of the coffee tree are possible at home, and find out how to treat them.

How to treat diseases of the coffee tree?

Basically, in a coffee tree at home, diseases most often arise from improper care. Most often, owners of coffee trees are faced with the problem of yellowing leaves on their pet. Sometimes a similar phenomenon indicates a disturbed health of the plant's root system. It may begin to rot due to excessive watering, or, conversely, dry out due to lack of moisture. In any situation, you must try to normalize watering.

So, in order for the plant to be healthy, you need to water it when the soil in the pot dries out by three centimeters. Watering should be quite plentiful. At a time, you need to pour so much water into the flower so that the earth gets wet to the very bottom. Further, watering should be carried out again only if necessary - after the same drying of the soil by three centimeters. At the same time, it is worth using exclusively soft settled water for irrigation. Even to prevent yellowing of the leaves, it is worth carrying out periodic spraying of the tree.

Yellowing of the leaves of the coffee tree can occur with a lack of sunlight. This plant is best grown on a southern windowsill, but it should be shaded. Also, window sills located on the southwest or southeast side will be a good option. In the cold season, it will not be superfluous to organize the illumination of the plant using a fluorescent lamp.

Sometimes the leaves of the coffee tree turn very yellow after transplantation if it was not done correctly. So, flower growers strongly do not recommend carrying out this procedure with a complete replacement of the soil. If the age of the plant has exceeded two or three years, you just need to transfer it to a pot a little bigger size or replace the top layer of the earth. If an error has already occurred during the transplant, a home-made greenhouse should be organized for the coffee tree. Take a fairly large bag and cover the plant with it so that the polyethylene does not touch the leaves. At the same time, reduce watering to a minimum, but carry out frequent spraying - once a day. In the spray liquid, add a couple of drops of epin to one glass of water or four drops of cyclone per liter of water. Also, water with this solution of cyclone once a week. After the plant begins to give new foliage, and the old one stops turning yellow, it can be considered recovered.

Sometimes the coffee tree gets sick so that its leaves become dry and blackened. This situation is possible when using hard water for irrigation. At the same time, the soil begins to accumulate salt, which negatively affects the health of the root system. In such a situation, it is better to change the top layer of soil in the pot to a new one and carry out further moistening only using soft boiled water.

Even blackening of the leaves of a coffee tree can be observed when it is exposed to several adverse factors, among which there may be overflow or overdrying of the soil, a lack of light (especially in cold weather). Brown spots on the foliage of the plant appear when the roots overheat (when the plant stands in the bright sun in summer). In such a situation, shading and abundant watering should be organized for him.

Old leaves on a coffee tree may well turn black and fall off, which can be considered as a variant of the norm.

The coffee tree rarely gets sick. But sometimes it can suffer from fungal and bacterial attacks.
For example, if a lot of black spots appear on the leaves, after which they begin to crumble, the plant may have been struck. fungal disease. Fungi are also to blame if a rusty coating is observed on the foliage. It is quite difficult to cope with such diseases, but with a quick reaction, the plant can be saved. To process it, you need to use special antifungal agents from the nearest flower shop, Bordeaux mixture and blue vitriol are also suitable. They are used for spraying.

If any damage is found on the trunk of the plant, it is necessary to immediately treat them with a solution blue vitriol. After all, such a violation of integrity is the entrance gate for pathogens.

If the plant suffers from excessive watering, its roots can be affected by root rot. In such a situation, the tree should be transplanted into new soil, cutting off the damaged areas of the roots and treating them with potassium permanganate. After that, it is necessary to organize a greenhouse for the plant - as indicated above.

With proper care, the coffee tree rarely gets sick and pleases its owners with an attractive appearance.

Many lovers complain - leaves turn brown. This is typical for room content with low air humidity in the autumn-winter period. However, this is not a disease. And if the plant is placed in a wide shallow pan with water, a more favorable microclimate will be created.

Sunburn on the leaves from the bright sun of lack of moisture in the air.

Watering

One of the most important aspects of coffee tree care is watering. If the roots are exposed to standing water, the leaves turn brown and fall off. All water should drain from the roots after watering.

Watering. Regular, abundant in summer. Water should be soft, separated, without lime, warm (several degrees above room temperature). It is necessary to maintain a weak acidity of the soil. To do this, once a month, 2-3 drops of acetic acid or a few crystals of citric acid are added to settled water.

Regular spraying will not hurt him either. Once a week (with the exception of the flowering period), a warm shower can be arranged for the tree.

With excessive watering, root rot often occurs, cortical growths appear on the leaves of many plants, corky spots (it can even completely cork the leaf surface). In addition to excess water during irrigation, the cause of the appearance of such spots can be a sharp change in temperature, a sharp fluctuation in moisture in the substrate (if then a strong overdrying of the soil immediately water it abundantly), minus light. With the correction of care errors, the formation of cork spots on the leaves stops. If excessive watering is the most likely cause of coffee leaf spots (after all, coffee requires moderate watering in winter), water the substrate once or twice with a suspension of foundationazole (1-2 g per liter of water) - this will help a plant that has fallen into unfavorable conditions.

To restore the immunity of the plant, it is not forbidden to carry out a cycle of spraying the leaves of the coffee tree warm water with the addition of "Epin" according to the instructions on the package.

top dressing

In spring and summer, they are fed regularly (every 7-10 days), alternating an aqueous infusion of mullein (1:10) with a full complex mineral fertilizers. In the spring, you can increase the dose of nitrogen fertilizers, during fruit ripening - phosphorus, in the fall - potassium.

The main pests are scale insects, spider mites, from diseases - sooty fungus. If in winter in the room where the coffee tree is installed, the temperature is in the range of 10 - 12 C, then a black border will first appear on the leaves, and why the whole plant will begin to die.

• If the soil is not too acidic, the leaves may discolor.
• The tips of the leaves dry up with a lack of moisture in the air.
• The leaves turn yellow, brown spots of dead tissue appear on them in case of a sunburn.
• With excessive watering, the leaves rot and fall off.
• When watering with hard water, the tips of the leaves curl up a little and appear on them. brown spots. To prevent this from happening, the water is softened using special tablets, or a bag of peat is kept in 3 liters of water.

Uneven ripening of coffee fruits, usually at room conditions

How to make coffee fruit?
Plants only bear fruit with year-round care, which includes weeding and regular treatment of trees with fungicides and insecticides to protect them from pests and diseases, such as bean borer or coffee rust. A young plant begins to bear fruit in at least two years.

The collected coffee fruits should be dried a little and cleaned of pulp. harvested seeds dry and make coffee.

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Coffee is a wonderful home plant that can be grown on the windowsill in the apartment. To grow a coffee tree, the length of which can reach 1.5 meters, you need to properly and constantly care for it. The ripe coffee berries of the plant resemble the size of a cherry; each berry contains 2 coffee beans. The plant blooms in summer, it needs space and a well-lit place. In summer, the tree should be watered as often as possible, and fed every fifteen days. If the weather is too hot outside, coffee needs extra care. The plant must be sprayed with water at room temperature.

In winter, everything is much simpler, and the plant does not need frequent watering. Coffee does not like lime, so when feeding your plant, remember that it is recommended to use both water and top dressing with the least amount of lime. In a year, from one small tree you can collect up to 500 grams of coffee.
Coffee loves light and indirect sunlight. In the summer, coffee can be placed in the shade on the street, avoiding contact with sun rays. In winter, in the room where the coffee tree grows, you should try to maintain a temperature of at least 18 degrees.

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When growing coffee, problems such as brown spots on the tips of the leaves can occur. Coffee leaves turn black as a result of a plant burn from direct sunlight, and dry air in the room leads to leaf curl. If there is excess moisture in the soil, the roots begin to rot. Coffee leaves turn black for several reasons: low temperature and moist soil, improper soil acidity, imbalance between the ratio of mineral salts in the soil. The most common cause is low temperature and excessive soil moisture.
To eliminate blackening, spray the leaves of the plant with zircon or epin, cover with a bag, airing daily. Dilute the epin and spray the leaves well. For 1 glass of water, you need 2 drops of epin. Spray once a week, at night (the property of the drug is destroyed by light). The roots of the plant should be warm, drafts are not allowed categorically. Dry air does not affect the blackening of the leaves. This process is difficult to treat, which is why constant proper care so that this process is prevented and prevented in time.

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About 40 species of plants of the Rubiaceae family belong to the genus Coffee or Coffee trees. This evergreen shrubs and trees with shiny leathery leaves up to 5 m high. They bloom white fragrant flowers collected in brushes, their aroma resembles jasmine. After flowering, bright red berries are formed, which rarely ripen at home.

The most popular species in indoor floriculture is the Arabica Coffee or Arabian Coffee flower. Three quarters of the world's coffee production is produced from this plant. Other types of coffee trees differ in the shape and size of the foliage, as well as the color of the fruit. Among them, the most common are: Congolese, Liberian, narrow-leaved, brushy and high coffee. But as indoor plants, they are practically not found.

How to care for a houseplant Coffee at home

Arabica coffee tree adapts well to the conditions of the apartment. It feels best on windows facing south, southwest or southeast. The air temperature should be between +15 and +20 °C. Light until the age of two years is needed diffused, as direct sunlight delays the development of coffee. Even on plantations, this plant is planted in the shade of other trees.

The coffee tree grows very slowly and only in the spring and summer. Blooms at the age of 3-4 years. To speed up the fruiting period, you can graft a branch from a flowering specimen onto a young seedling, as is done with citrus fruits. They do this during the warm season.

During the period of bud formation, coffee is placed in the most illuminated area in the room, and after the fruit is set, it is removed to its original place. The flower lasts for one day, but then the next one opens next to it, as a result of which flowering can continue from spring to autumn.
Flowering coffee tree at home

In rare cases, coffee blooms in winter. It is not recommended to rotate the Coffee Arabica house plant for even fouling at this time. Berries ripen during the year, during this period you can harvest about 1 kg of the crop.

Irrigation and fertilizer. For irrigation use warm settled water. Some flower growers recommend acidifying it a little by adding a few drops. lemon juice. Watering for coffee requires moderate watering. The plant is calm about drying out an earthen coma, but in summer it is advisable to water it as the topsoil is poured, and in winter about once a week. The lack of moisture is immediately noticeable by the loss of turgor by the leaves. In summer, the soil can be mulched in order to better retain water.

Indoor plant Coffee tree loves spraying, it is desirable to produce it in the evening. It would be useful to periodically add leaf fertilizers and growth stimulants to the water:, Zircon.

Coffee has practically no dormant period, so it can be fertilized all year round, about once every 10 days in summer and 20 days in winter. Most of all, this plant needs nitrogen, the best source of which is manure. It can be applied immediately when the coffee tree needs to be transplanted.

coffee tree transplant

Young plants need to be transplanted every year in the spring. From the age of 3 years: every 2-3 years. It is best to use the transshipment method so as not to damage the roots. The new coffee container should be no more than 5 cm wider than the previous one. Too large a volume will cause increased growth of the seedling and slow down flowering. In addition, the risk of flooding the plant will increase.

The soil is selected with a slightly acidic reaction (pH about 5). Purchased soil is suitable for azaleas, saintpaulias, hydrangeas. You can also prepare the substrate yourself by mixing one part of sand and soddy soil with two parts of leafy soil. For plants older than 4 years, one part of peat and humus is added to the composition.
Transplanting a coffee tree at home At the bottom of the pot, you need to put a thick layer of drainage, and on top - a layer. Then new soil is poured so as not to cause a burn of the root system, and a seedling is placed on it. Before transplanting, the roots should be inspected and rotten and dry removed. After that, the soil is poured on the sides and top, it needs to be pressed a little and spilled with settled warm water.

Attention: the root collar must not be deepened! It is better to raise it a few centimeters. With subsequent waterings, the coffee will deepen itself. If, after transplanting, the roots in the upper soil layer are exposed, they can be mulched or topped up with a fresh layer of substrate. After waiting a few days, the surface must be carefully loosened.

Possible diseases of indoor coffee

The houseplant The coffee tree rarely gets sick or damaged by pests, but there are a few common growing problems. They are mainly associated with a lack of trace elements in the soil:

• At nitrogen deficiency the plant develops slowly, new leaves are small, and the lower ones acquire a yellowish tint. With a similar problem, it is recommended to feed coffee with a solution of rotted slurry, which is diluted in a ratio of 1 to 15. It is also useful to spray a solution of urea (1 g per liter of water) over the leaf.
• Phosphorus deficiency reflected in the fruits. They deform and fall off. Leaves can also curl. This is treated by adding superphosphate, which dissolves in hot water.
• When little potassium in the soil, new leaves grow deformed, may become covered with brown spots. You can try to add a solution of ash to the soil (1 tablespoon per liter of water).

Why can Arabica coffee leaves dry?

Another problem is the so-called leaf necrosis, which begins with browning of the edge of the leaf plate. Then the spots spread throughout the leaf, and it falls off.

Possible reasons necrosis:

• Wrong watering. Necrosis can be associated with excessive moisture or prolonged drying of the earthy coma.
• Sudden changes in temperature and drafts: hypothermia, overheating in the sun, or use cold water for watering.
• Nutritional deficiencies, including potassium.

Propagation of the coffee tree

cuttings

For cuttings, a stem with two pairs of leaves is cut off and planted in a loose substrate, for example, a mixture of perlite and peat. It is necessary to disinfect the soil in advance with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The cuttings are treated with stimulants and planted to a depth of 2 cm so that the leaf petioles below are under the ground. From above, the container is covered with a bag, making small holes in it, and put in a place inaccessible to direct sunlight. The temperature for rooting needs at least +25 ° C, but not higher than +30 ° C. Remove the package when the cuttings begin to grow.

Reproduction by seeds

The coffee tree can be grown from seed. The soil for this is taken the same as for transplanting an adult plant. It is shed with a pink solution of potassium permanganate. The seeds are treated with the same solution for several hours. Then you need to stratify the seeds in a hot way, that is, lower them into water with a temperature of up to 60 ° C, and wait until the water has cooled to room temperature. After that, you can start sowing. Seeds are laid down with a flat part, watered and covered with a film. The temperature for germination is the same as for rooting cuttings - you can do the bottom heating.

Where to buy a houseplant Coffee Arabica

Small coffee seedlings are often sold in large hardware stores in the specialty section. indoor plants or order on flower sites. Large ones can be purchased at centers that specialize in landscaping and landscape design.

Watch a video about growing a coffee tree at home: