Unified Geography task 28 solutions. Analysis of tasks of increased complexity in preparation for the exam in geography
The last USE task in geography is similar to the previous one - it also needs to solve a small problem. However, this time it is connected with the definition not of natural increase, but of migration, so there will be somewhat more calculations.
Let's say that we need to know this value for 2013.
The algorithm is this:
- subtract from the resident population in 2014 this figure for 2013;
- subtract the natural population growth for 2013 from the resulting number.
What happened is the migration population growth.
On the answer sheet for this task, two actions and an answer should be recorded. If all this is done correctly, it is worth 2 points. If there is only one action, or when calculating the answer, an error was made and it is incorrect, but two actions are recorded and the first one is correct, 1 point is given. In all other cases, points for task 34 are not awarded.
To successfully complete the 34th issue of the exam, you need, again, to fill out the algorithm for its implementation well. Unlike the previous one, there is no need to write any ppm here, so the risk of confusing something becomes less. The main thing is to carefully look at the year for which you need to calculate the indicator.
Analysis of typical options for task No. 34 USE in geography
The first version of the task
Based on the data in the table, calculate the migration population growth for the Belgorod region in 2015. Write down the solution.
Number and natural increase of the population in the Belgorod region
The answer looks like this:
- 1 550 137 – 1 547 936 = 2201
- 2201 – (-3717) = 5918
Answer: 5918.
The second version of the task
Using the data in the table below, calculate the migration growth of the population for the Republic of Buryatia in 2015. Write down the necessary calculations.
Number and natural increase of the population in the Republic of Buryatia
Write down the answer:
- 982 284 – 978 495 = 3789
- 3789 – 5795 = -2006
Answer: -2006.
The third version of the task
Based on the indicators given in the table, calculate the size of the migration increase in the population in the Kostroma region in 2013. In your answer, also write down all the calculations performed.
Number and natural increase of the population in the Kostroma region
Let's write the answer:
- 656 389 – 658 925 = -2536
- -2536 – (-2218) = -318
Answer: -318.
Population and its movement
In the thirty-third task of the exam in geography, you need to solve a small problem related to the population and its natural movement. Usually they are asked to determine the rate of natural increase in ppm. It must be remembered that in this task this is always done according to the following algorithm: we divide the rate of natural increase for the year by the average annual population and multiply by a thousand. The answer is usually rounded to the nearest tenth.
On the answer sheet, it is imperative to write down not only the resulting figure, but the entire course of the solution. This affects the score that will be received for the task. If a solution record is given and the correct answer is received, 2 points are given, and if there is no solution record - 1. It is very important not to confuse the designation ppm ‰ with the percentage% - if you make such a mistake, even if there is a solution record and the correct numerical value of the answer, only 1 is put score. If only a rounding error is made, 1 point for the task is still given.
This USE number is not at all difficult - just remember the formula and solve several training tasks. The main thing is not to confuse the signs and carefully look at the indicator of which year you want to calculate.
Analysis of typical options for assignment No. 32 USE in geography
The first version of the task
Based on the data presented in the table, determine the rate of natural population growth (in ‰) for the Voronezh region in 2012. Write down the solution and round your answer to the nearest tenth.
Number and natural increase of the population in the Voronezh region
The response should look like this:
- Solution: -11,081: 2,331,298 1000= -4.7531.
- When rounding, we get -4.7
Answer: -4.7‰
The second version of the task
Using the data in the table below, calculate the rate of natural population growth (in ‰) for the Vladimir region in 2013. Write down the answer, round the answer to tenths.
Number and natural increase of the population in the Vladimir region
We write the answer:
- Solution: -4131:1 417 531 1000= -2.9142
- Round to -2.9
Answer: -2.9‰.
The third version of the task
Based on the data in the table, determine the rate of natural population growth (in ‰) for the Republic of Karelia in 2014. Record the calculation by rounding your answer to the nearest tenth.
Number and natural increase of the population in the Republic of Karelia
The answer looks like this:
- Solution: -1429/633 468 1000= -2.2558
- Rounding will be -2.3
Average general education
Geography
USE-2018 in geography: task 1
The Russian Textbook Corporation presents an analysis of the 2018 USE assignments in geography. In the material you will find a detailed algorithm for solving 1 task, answers, as well as comments on the work. We also recommend that you look at the current selection of materials on geography published earlier.The attention of graduates and applicants is offered a new tutorial to prepare for the exam in geography. The reference book contains in full the theoretical material on the course of geography, necessary for passing the exam. The structure of the book corresponds to the modern codifier of the content elements in the subject, on the basis of which the examination tasks are compiled - control and measuring materials (CMM) of the Unified State Examination. The theoretical material is presented in a concise, accessible form. Each topic is accompanied by examples of exam tasks with comments and answers. This will help the teacher to organize preparation for the unified state exam, and students to independently test their knowledge and readiness for the final exam. The practical part of the handbook includes tasks for self-examination corresponding to the USE format. At the end of the manual, answers are given to tasks for self-examination, which will help schoolchildren and applicants to objectively assess the level of their knowledge and the degree of preparedness for the certification exam. The manual is addressed to senior students, applicants and teachers.
Exercise 1
(“Geographic models. Geographic map, site plan"). 1 point
In this task, you need to find a point on the map with the proposed coordinates. The following algorithm is suitable for this task.
1. Find a point with coordinates 0°w. 0°d. It is located at the intersection of the equator and the zero (Greenwich) meridian in the Gulf of Guinea.
2. The first coordinate of the desired point is always its latitude, i.e. distance in degrees from the equator to the given point. To find it, you need to move from the point 0 ° w. 0°d. along the zero meridian up (if the latitude of the desired point is north) or down (if it is south). In this case, we are moving 58 degrees (57°50´ is rounded for convenience) up as north latitude.
Explanation for those who do not understand how we found the latitude.
Since the latitude values (degrees of parallels) are signed at the left and right edges of the map with a step of 20° (0°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 80°), we find the range in which the desired point is located (40° ˂58°˂60°), and mentally divide it first into 2 parts (by 10 degrees), then into 2 more parts (by 5 degrees), and finally into 5 parts (by degree). In this case, we need to step back 60° - 58° = 2° from the 60° parallel down.
3. The second coordinate of the desired point is its longitude, i.e. the distance in degrees from the prime meridian to the given point. To find it, you need to move from the point found in paragraph 2 on the zero meridian to the right (if the longitude of the desired point is east) or to the left (if the longitude of the desired point is west) along (i.e. keeping indent from) the nearest parallel. In this case, we are moving 30 degrees (29°58´ round) to the right, as east longitude.
Explanation for those who did not understand how we found the longitude.
Since the values of longitudes (degrees of meridians) are signed at the upper and lower edges of the map with a step of 20° (0°, 20°, 40°, etc. up to 180°), we find the range in which the desired point is located ( 20°˂30°˂40°), and mentally divide it first into 2 parts (by 10 degrees), then into 2 more parts (by 5 degrees), and finally into 5 parts (by degree). In this case, it is enough for us to perform only one partition and place the point exactly in the middle between the 20th and 40th meridian.
4. Determine the country in which the desired point is located (Dno city).
Thus, we found out that the city of Dno is located in the Russian Federation.
2. Now let's determine the latitude. From the point found in point 1 (60°N, 110°E) we move along the meridian towards the North Pole (upwards) by 2°32′ (62°32′ - 60°). This will be a quarter of the distance to the intersection with the 70th parallel.
3. Specify the longitude. From the point obtained in paragraph 2 (62°32′ N, 110 E) we shift along the parallel to the east (to the right and slightly up in this case) by 3°57´ (113°57´ - 110° ). This will be about 2/5 of the distance to the intersection with the 120th meridian.
4. We determine the subject of the federation in which the desired point is located (the city of Mirny).
Thus, we found out that the city of Mirny is located on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
The twenty-eighth task of the exam in geography involves working with maps and plans of the area. It is necessary to build a terrain profile along the straight line AB; the profile should also indicate symbol any object shown on the map.
Instructions for building a profile
In order to build a profile, you need to draw a profile line connecting points A and B, and attach to it the edge of a sheet of paper, on which it is necessary to mark the horizontal lines through which the line AB passes. Marks of contour lines need to be signed (on the map it is indicated with what interval they are drawn, the value of one horizontal line is also given, so it is not at all difficult to sign them). This edge of the sheet must be applied to horizontal line on the form where the profile is built. It is necessary to transfer the marks made to it in this way, drawing perpendiculars to the vertical line in similar values:
After that, the resulting points must be connected with a smooth curved line. This will be the relief profile. In this task, it is important to consider the scale: if, for example, on a map scale of 1 cm 100 m, and in our drawing 1 cm should be 50 m, then we will mark the distance between two adjacent verticals twice as much. Often asked to mark a spring on the profile; as a rule, it is located between two adjacent heights - in this case, they must be connected not by a straight line, but by a concave one.
Analysis of typical options for task No. 28 USE in geography
The first version of the task
Construct a terrain profile along the line AB. Transfer the basis for its construction to the answer sheet 2, using a horizontal scale of 1 cm = 50 m and a vertical scale of 1 cm = 5 m. Mark the position of the spring with the “X” sign.
The finished profile for this condition looks something like this:
The length of the horizontal line is about 80 mm, the distance from the vertical to the spring is about 29 mm. The slope in section 1 must be steeper than in section 2. If all these conditions are met and the profile shape is similar to the standard, the student receives 2 points for this task. If the profile is similar to the standard, but the distance and steepness of the slopes do not match the specified parameters, 1 point is given. In other cases, points for task 28 are not given.
Secondary general education
Geography
USE-2018 in geography: we analyze the most difficult tasks
We bring to your attention an analysis of the most difficult tasks from the demo version of the USE 2018 in geography. The article contains a detailed analysis of tasks, an algorithm for solutions and recommendations of relevant manuals for preparing for the Unified State Examination, as well as a selection of previously published materials on geography.Exercise 1
("Geographical models. Geographic map, terrain plan"). 1 point
In this task, you need to find a point on the map with the proposed coordinates. The following algorithm is suitable for this task.
1. Find a point with coordinates 0°w. 0°d. It is located at the intersection of the equator and the zero (Greenwich) meridian in the Gulf of Guinea.
2. The first coordinate of the desired point is always its latitude, i.e. distance in degrees from the equator to the given point. To find it, you need to move from the point 0 ° w. 0°d. along the zero meridian up (if the latitude of the desired point is north) or down (if it is south). In this case, we are moving 58 degrees (57°50´ is rounded for convenience) up as north latitude.
Explanation for those who do not understand how we found the latitude.
Since the latitude values (degrees of parallels) are signed at the left and right edges of the map with a step of 20° (0°, 20°, 40°, 60° and 80°), we find the range in which the desired point is located (40° ˂58°˂60°), and mentally divide it first into 2 parts (by 10 degrees), then into 2 more parts (by 5 degrees), and finally into 5 parts (by degree). In this case, we need to step back 60° - 58° = 2° from the 60° parallel down.
3. The second coordinate of the desired point is its longitude, i.e. the distance in degrees from the prime meridian to the given point. To find it, you need to move from the point found in paragraph 2 on the zero meridian to the right (if the longitude of the desired point is east) or to the left (if the longitude of the desired point is west) along (i.e. keeping indent from) the nearest parallel. In this case, we are moving 30 degrees (29°58´ round) to the right, as east longitude.
Explanation for those who did not understand how we found the longitude.
Since the values of longitudes (degrees of meridians) are signed at the upper and lower edges of the map with a step of 20° (0°, 20°, 40°, etc. up to 180°), we find the range in which the desired point is located ( 20°˂30°˂40°), and mentally divide it first into 2 parts (by 10 degrees), then into 2 more parts (by 5 degrees), and finally into 5 parts (by degree). In this case, it is enough for us to perform only one partition and place the point exactly in the middle between the 20th and 40th meridian.
4. Determine the country in which the desired point is located (Dno city).
Thus, we found out that the city of Dno is located in the Russian Federation.
2. Now let's determine the latitude. From the point found in point 1 (60°N, 110°E) we move along the meridian towards the North Pole (upwards) by 2°32′ (62°32′ - 60°). This will be a quarter of the distance to the intersection with the 70th parallel.
3. Specify the longitude. From the point obtained in paragraph 2 (62°32′ N, 110 E) we shift along the parallel to the east (to the right and slightly up in this case) by 3°57´ (113°57´ - 110° ). This will be about 2/5 of the distance to the intersection with the 120th meridian.
4. We determine the subject of the federation in which the desired point is located (the city of Mirny).
Thus, we found out that the city of Mirny is located on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
Task 3
("Natural resources. Rational and irrational nature management"). max 2 points
To complete this task, it is necessary to learn to distinguish between rational (competent, reasonable, sustainable) nature management from irrational. Some examples of both types are shown in the table below. A few blank lines are left at the end so that you yourself can supplement the table with examples of rational or irrational nature management that you met during the preparation.
Table "Main types of nature management"
|
Rational |
Irrational |
|
reforestation |
drainage of swamps in the upper reaches of the rivers |
|
recycling water supply |
felling trees in the upper reaches of the rivers |
|
integrated use of raw materials |
creation of waste heaps |
|
complete extraction of raw materials |
virgin soil plowing |
|
land reclamation |
mole alloy wood |
|
protective forest belts |
(longitudinal) plowing of slopes |
|
clearing the forest from dead wood, fields from boulders, riverbeds from debris, etc. |
soil compaction (for example, due to the use of heavy agricultural equipment) |
|
slope terracing |
associated petroleum gas flaring |
|
drip irrigation |
construction of hydroelectric power stations on lowland rivers |
|
conversion of thermal power plants from coal to natural gas |
|
|
use of secondary raw materials (metals, waste paper) |
Thus, in the given task, the correct answer is: 124.
The attention of schoolchildren and applicants is offered a new manual for USE preparation, which contains 30 variants of typical examination papers by geography. 31st option - control. Each option is compiled in full accordance with the requirements of the unified state exam, includes assignments different types and difficulty level. At the end of the book, answers are given for self-examination of all tasks. Suggested training options will help the teacher to organize preparation for the final certification, and students to independently test their knowledge and readiness for the final exam. The manual is addressed to senior students, applicants and teachers.
Task 8
("Geographical features of the reproduction of the world's population. Sex and age composition. The level and quality of life of the population"). 1 point
In this task, you must select a country with greatest proportion of older people. There may be options where they ask you to find a country with least proportion of the elderly or with the highest/lowest share children in the structure of the population. All these questions are based on one pattern: what more economically developed country, topics in the structure of its population less share children And more share elderly of people . Accordingly, the implementation of this task is reduced to the choice of the most economically developed country.
This choice is complicated by the fact that economic development of the country depends not only on the size of per capita GDP, but also on a number of other factors: the structure and degree of diversification of the economy, the development of the social sphere, etc. The table below will help compare most countries in the world in terms of eq. development: it decreases from the G7 countries to the NES of the 1st wave and further from the BRICS countries to the poorest countries in Africa and Asia.
Table "Typology of the countries of the world according to the level of socio-economic development"
|
Countries of the world |
|
|
economically developed |
developing |
|
countries of the G7 (G7) USA, Canada, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Japan |
BRICS countries (BRICS) Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa |
|
other developed countries of Europe Examples: Spain, Sweden, Netherlands, Ireland, Czech Republic |
developing countries in Europe Examples: Belarus, Serbia, Bulgaria, (Türkiye, Kazakhstan) |
|
NIS (newly industrialized countries) of the 1st wave so-called "Asian Tigers": South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong (Currently Province of China) |
NIS (newly industrialized countries) of the 2nd wave Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam |
|
SPK (countries of resettlement capitalism) Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Canada, South Africa |
Latin American countries (majority) Examples: Mexico, Argentina, Chile |
|
NES (oil exporting countries) of the 1st wave UAE, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Brunei, Saudi Arabia, Oman |
NES (oil exporting countries) of the 2nd wave Examples: Venezuela, Algeria, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Nigeria |
|
poor countries in Africa and Asia (GDP>1000 $/person) Examples: Kenya, Pakistan, Mongolia |
|
|
the poorest countries in Africa and Asia (GDP<1000 $/чел) Examples: Liberia, Congo, Ethiopia, Somalia, Afghanistan |
|
Obviously, the above scheme is greatly simplified and has its own “inconsistencies” (for example, countries such as Canada, South Africa, Venezuela “fall” into several groups at once), but in general it gives an idea of the degree of development of a country with relatively simple memorization .
Thus, in the given task, the correct answer is: 4.
("Structure of employment of the population. Sectoral structure of the economy."). 1 point
In this task, it is necessary for each country to select a diagram that reflects the structure of employment in it. To do this, you need to arrange the countries listed in the list in descending order of the degree of economic development (see table for task 8).
IN most economically developed countries with post-industrial economies, the leading sector of the economy, which employs most of the economically active population, is services sector.
IN least economically developed countries, the economy is agrarian and most of the population is employed in agriculture.
Most countries with medium level of economic development have an industrial structure of the economy, and a significant part of the population in them is employed in industry.
Thus, in the given task, the correct answer is: 213.
The book contains materials for the successful passing of the exam in geography: brief theoretical information on all topics, tasks of different types and levels of complexity, methodological comments, answers and evaluation criteria. Students do not have to search for additional information on the Internet and buy other manuals. In this book, they will find everything they need to independently and effectively prepare for the exam. The publication contains theoretical information on geography on all topics tested at the exam, as well as tasks for self-control. Answers and comments are provided at the end of the manual. The publication will provide invaluable assistance to students in preparing for the exam in geography, and can also be used by teachers in organizing the educational process.
Task 16
("World economy. Economy of Russia. Regions of Russia"). 1 point
|
Which of the following conclusions about the trends in mining volumes, based on the analysis of the data in the table below, is correct? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Dynamics of mining volumes
|
To solve this task, you need to pay attention to one feature: all data in the table is presented as a percentage. This means that in order to evaluate a particular trend, you need to compare the numbers not with each other, but with 100 percent. That is, if the number in the cell over 100, then this means height indicator this year, if less than 100, That a fall.
Let's look at an example. Thus, the change in the indicator of the volume of mining in the Tomsk region in 2008-2009 from 102.2% to 100.6% means slowdown in growth prey, but Not her fall. Since in 2009, minerals were mined by 0.6% more than in 2008.
And vice versa, the change in the indicator of the Kamchatka Territory from 96.2% to 98.3% in 2008-2009 Not means an increase in production, but only speaks of slowdown her fall(from 3.8% in 2008 to 1.7% in 2009).
In this task, you may come across a variety of indicators from different regions of Russia or countries of the world, but the mathematical basis for its implementation always remains the same: the table does not provide absolute (tons, cubic meters, rubles), but relative (percentage) indicators.
Thus, in the given task, the correct answer is: 13.
The book contains tasks of different types and levels of complexity on topics, knowledge of which is tested at the exam, as well as comments. All questions are answered. It will help to practice in completing assignments, repeat the material covered and effectively prepare for the exam. The book is addressed to high school students to prepare for the exam in geography.
Task 23
("Stages of the geological history of the earth's crust. Geological chronology"). 1 point
In this task, it is necessary to arrange the geological periods in the correct order. In principle, even learning their names is optional. It is enough to remember the mnemonic rule, which is known to every first-year student of the Faculty of Geology:
Table "Geological periods"
|
Geological periods |
Mnemonic Rule |
|
TO embryos |
TO every |
|
ABOUT reddovik |
ABOUT excellent |
|
WITH ilur |
WITH student |
|
D ewon |
D must |
|
TO arbon (Coal) |
TO suffocate |
|
P erm |
P onchiki. |
|
T rias |
|
|
YU ra, |
|
|
M al. |
|
|
P aleogene |
P rinesi |
|
H eogen |
|
|
H quaternary |
H eburek. |
Note: there are two pairs of periods starting with the same letter (K e mbry and K A rbon; P e rm and P A leogen) In order not to get confused in their order, it is enough to remember that in the first of them the second letter is “e”, in the second “a”.
Thus, in the given task, the correct answer is: 123.
The manual contains training options that are fully consistent with the structure of the examination paper and compiled taking into account all the requirements of the exam. Each option includes tasks of different types and difficulty levels. Instructions for the implementation of the examination work, answer forms are given. In the process of working with the book, students can familiarize themselves with the structure of the test, complete it in real time, practice filling out forms, and also assess their level of readiness for the exam. At the end of the manual, answers to all tasks and assessment criteria are given. The publication is addressed to high school students to prepare for the exam in geography.
Task 32
(“Earth as a planet, the modern appearance of the planet Earth. Shape, size, movement of the Earth”). max 2 points!
Task 32 is one of the most difficult in the exam in geography. According to statistics, it is solved by less than 30% of those who took the exam. At the same time, it is not as difficult as it seems at first glance, if you strictly adhere to the algorithm for solving it.
In the first of the types of task 32, it is necessary to find the point at which the sun rises above the horizon earlier (or later). It depends on two factors:
1. Longitude points. The sun rises in the east, therefore, the further east a point is located, the earlier the sun will rise above the horizon in it.
2. Latitude of the point. The time of year is important here.
In the summer of the northern hemisphere (from March 21 to September 23), the length of the day will increase from the South Pole to the North, therefore, the further north the point is located, the earlier the sun will rise there.
In winter, everything changes exactly the opposite. The length of the day will increase when moving south, therefore, the further south the point is located, the earlier the sun will rise there.
In the above task, points A and B are located east of point C, therefore, at point C, the sun will rise later. Since points A and B lie on the same meridian, the time of sunrise will depend on the length of daylight hours in them. On December 20, the day will be longer at point B, because it lies south of point A.
Therefore, the sun will rise above the horizon at point B earlier.
Empirical hint: in about 85% of cases, the desired point is located "at the top" of the angle formed by the three points. Those. on one parallel with one of the points and on one of the meridians on the other.
|
Type 2. Determine in which of the points whose geographical coordinates are indicated in the table, on March 18 the Sun will be uppermost above the horizon at 15 hours GMT solar time. Write down the rationale for your answer. 1. Latitude of a point. The closer a point is to the equator, the higher the sun is above the horizon. 2. Longitude points. The closer the point is to the noon meridian, the higher the sun is above the horizon. Thus, the main difficulty in performing this type of task is related to finding the noon meridian - the meridian on which it is noon at a given time. Because the circumference of the earth is 360°, and there are 24 hours in a day, then in one hour the earth rotates 360: 24 = 15°. Therefore, to find the noon meridian, you need to multiply the time difference between the zero and noon meridians by 15 °. In the given task at Greenwich, 15 hours, therefore, the difference with the time of the noon meridian is 3 hours (15 - 12), and the degree measure of the latter will be (15 - 12) 15 ° = 45 ° W.L. The longitude is west because the noon meridian lies west of Greenwich (there it is already three o'clock in the afternoon, and the sun moves from east to west). Points A and B lie closer to the midday meridian than point C. At the same time, point A is located closer to the equator, therefore, it is there that the sun will be located highest above the horizon.
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In 2018, 15,326 people passed the USE in geography during the main period, which amounted to a little about 2% of all graduates of general educational organizations in Russia. This is 2,231 people more than in 2017 (13,095 people), which does not allow us to judge a statistically significant trend towards an increase in participants in the main period of passing the USE in geography. Compared to 2017, the number of graduates who took the USE in geography during the main period increased in 2018, which is largely due to the improvement in the demographic situation, an increase in the number of graduates participating in the All-Russian Geographical Dictation educational campaign conducted by the Russian Geographical Society in all regions of Russia, as well as the conduct of the VPR in geography, which was written by a significant number of students last year.
The average test score in 2018 was 56.2, which is slightly higher than in 2017 (55.1). In 2018, the proportion of USE participants with an average test score in the range of 41–80 increased compared to 2017, while the proportion of participants with a low test score in the range of 0–40 decreased, i.e. compared to 2017, the results of most USE participants in geography in 2018 are somewhat higher. These changes in the conditions of stabilization of the examination model can be explained by an increase in the overall average level of graduates' preparedness for the exam, the sophistication of assignments and the systematic system of teacher training in the regions. The minimum primary (11) and test (37) USE scores in 2018 did not change compared to 2017, while the proportion of graduates who did not score the minimum number of points decreased in 2018 (from 9.1% to 7, 5%), which can be explained by the purposeful work of educational organizations with graduates from the "risk group" on the basis of recommendations developed by FIPI specialists based on the results of the exam of previous years.
In 2018, the share of high-scorers slightly increased (6.8%) compared to 2017 (5.7%), while the number of 100-pointers increased by 3.5 times compared to 2017. An analysis of the results of the exam makes it possible to get some idea of the peculiarities of mastering the school course of geography by students. Since only about 2% of all graduates passed the USE in geography in 2018, the results of the exam do not fully reflect the state of school geography education in Russia, however, they allow us to identify some trends, determine the strengths and weaknesses of graduate training.
More detailed analytical and methodological materials of the USE 2018 are available at the link.
PLAN OF THE EXAMINATION WORK OF THE USE ON GEOGRAPHY 2019
Designation of the level of difficulty of the task: B - basic, P - advanced, C - high.
Content elements and activities to be checked |
Task difficulty level |
The maximum score for completing the task |
Estimated time to complete the task (min.) |
| Exercise 1. | |||
| Task 2. Atmosphere. Hydrosphere | |||
| Task 3. Natural resources. Rational and irrational nature management | |||
| Task 4. Lithosphere. Hydrosphere. Atmosphere. Geographical envelope of the Earth. Latitudinal zonality and altitudinal zonality. Nature of Russia | |||
| Task 5. Features of the nature of continents and oceans. Features of the distribution of large landforms of the continents in Russia. Climate types, factors of their formation, climatic zones of Russia | |||
| Task 6. Earth is like a planet. Shape, size, movement of the Earth | |||
| Task 7. Lithosphere. The relief of the earth's surface. The World Ocean and its parts. Land waters. Features of the nature of continents and oceans | |||
| Task 8. Geographic features of the reproduction of the world's population. Gender composition. Level and quality of life of the population | |||
| Task 9. Geographic features of population distribution. The uneven distribution of the world's population. Distribution of the population of Russia. Main area of settlement | |||
| Task 10. Structure of employment of the population. Sectoral structure of the economy | |||
| Task 11. | |||
| Task 12. Urban and rural population. Cities | |||
| Task 13. Geography of industries in Russia. Geography of agriculture. Geography of the most important modes of transport. | |||
| Task 14. | |||
| Task 15. Definition of geographical objects and phenomena according to their essential features | |||
| Task 16. World economy. Economy of Russia. Regions of Russia | |||
| Task 17. Weather and climate. Distribution of heat and moisture on Earth | |||
| Task 18. Administrative-territorial structure of Russia. Capitals and major cities | |||
| Task 19. The leading countries are exporters of the main types of industrial products. The leading countries are exporters of the main types of agricultural products. Major international highways and transport hubs | |||
| Task 20. Time zones | |||
| Task 21. Direction and types of migration of the Russian population. Urban and rural population. Regions of Russia | |||
| Task 22. Natural resources | |||
| Task 23. Stages of the geological history of the earth's crust. Geological chronology | |||
| Task 24. Features of the natural resource potential, population, economy, culture of large countries of the world | |||
| Task 25. Natural and economic zoning of Russia. Regions of Russia | |||
| Task 26. geographic patterns. Geographic map, terrain plan | |||
| Task 27. geographic patterns. Geographic map, terrain plan | |||
| Task 28. geographic patterns. Geographic map, terrain plan | |||
| Task 29. Lithosphere. Hydrosphere. Atmosphere. Biosphere. Nature of Russia. Dynamics of the population of the Earth. Age and sex composition of the population. Production location factors. Geography of industries, the most important types of transport, agriculture. Rational and irrational nature management. Features of the impact on the environment of various spheres and sectors of the economy | |||
| Task 30. Shape, size, movement of the Earth. Lithosphere. Hydrosphere. Atmosphere. Biosphere. Nature of Russia. Dynamics of the population of the Earth. Age and sex composition of the population. Production location factors. Geography of industries, the most important types of transport, agriculture. Rational and irrational nature management. Features of the impact on the environment of various spheres and sectors of the economy | |||
| Task 31. Geography of the main branches of production and non-production spheres | |||
| Task 32. Earth as a planet, the modern appearance of the planet Earth. Shape, size, movement of the Earth | |||
| Task 33. Number, natural movement of the population of Russia | |||
| Task 34. Direction and types of migration |
Correspondence between the minimum primary scores and the minimum test scores of 2018. Order on amendments to Appendix No. 2 to the order of the Federal Service for Supervision in Education and Science. .
OFFICIAL SCALE 2019
THRESHOLD SCORE
By order of Rosobrnadzor, a minimum number of points is established, confirming the mastering of the main general educational programs of secondary (complete) general education by the participants in the exams in accordance with the requirements of the federal state educational standard of secondary (complete) general education. GEOGRAPHY THRESHOLD: 11 primary points (37 test points).
EXAM FORMS
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