In the work of Isaac Ilyich Levitan, Russian landscape painting of the second half of the 19th century, according to most researchers of his heritage, received its highest development and to some extent completed the search for artists of the 1870s and 80s.

The Russian art of landscape in the person of I.I. Levitan found not only a great master, but also a poet-philosopher of nature. In the paintings of I.I. Levitan, subtle lyricism is combined with the ability to create a landscape image of a deeply ideological content. The art of I.I. Levitan says a lot and gives both to a specialist and a simple viewer. It brings up in us an understanding of nature, the ability to see its beauty and expressiveness, to perceive it in connection with the feelings and experiences of a person.

“In the history of Russian painting,” A. Benois wrote, “perhaps, one cannot find a master more independent, more original and self-sufficient than Levitan,” wrote Alexander Benois.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan already during his lifetime received recognition and earned the deep love of his contemporaries. But I must say that the work of I.I. Levitan was perceived in this era, and sometimes is perceived even now, somewhat one-sidedly. WITH light hand K. G. Paustovsky and some other authors I. I. Levitan is interpreted more as an elegiac artist, an artist of sad moods, which narrows the boundaries of his work. Nevertheless, a more extensive analysis of all the riches that this magnificent artist managed to leave us clearly proves that his work was diverse not only in terms of plots, in the images that he created, but also in the emotional key in which decisions were made. or other work.

Meanwhile, acquaintance with the works of I.I. Levitan in high school limited, as a rule, to a narrow circle of his most famous works. The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you to various aspects of this outstanding artist's work.

This work offers a lesson in the form of a journey of students through the halls of a virtual museum. This is a tour of twelve halls (12 presentations), clearly highlighting the main aspects of the master's work.

The proposed author's work can be used not only in the classes on the "History of Fine Arts" in educational institutions of secondary vocational education, but also in general education schools in the lessons of world art culture in the section "Russia of the XVIII - XX centuries"; in an art school in the classroom for the study of drawing, painting and composition, in lectures for students at art universities, as well as in extracurricular classes in fine arts.

This material will be interesting and instructive for students, as it represents the biography of the artist, who from childhood was in need, by the power of talent and at the cost of cruel hardships, at the cost of hard work, he made his way in life, achieved success and recognition of his art.

Traveling through the halls of the virtual museum of I.I. Levitan, students learn a lot about the life and work of the great artist.

The purpose of the lesson: to expand knowledge about the work of the outstanding Russian artist I.I. Levitan.

• Educational: the study of various aspects of the work of I.I. Levitan, acquaintance with the biography of the artist.
• Educational: development of attention, memory, literate speech, associative and figurative thinking, the ability to highlight the main thing, build analogies; development of the desire for independent knowledge of art.
• Educational: education of love for the native nature, feelings of love for the Motherland, the ability to empathize and sympathize with a person; education of aesthetic feelings.

Lesson equipment: presentations dedicated to the work of I.I. Levitan; disk with recording of fragments of musical works.

Note: The duration of the training session is 90 minutes.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment

Check readiness for the lesson. Communication of goals, objectives, lesson plan.

2. Introductory speech of the teacher

- What so touches the soul in a discreet landscape and involuntarily blurs the look,

Everything is so simple in the picture and inexplicable: light, water or the sun in the foliage...

For the artist, this is service to his beloved and native, and the only Russian land ...

Our lesson today is dedicated to the work of the outstanding Russian artist Isaac Ilyich Levitan. I.I. Levitan was a man who devoted himself entirely to art, was an indefatigable worker. His amazing performance is evidenced by the huge number of works performed over a short life. In about twenty-four years, he created about a thousand paintings, sketches, sketches, drawings. To this it must be added that I.I. Levitan worked on his paintings for a long time, many times, sometimes returning to the work, changing, supplementing and rewriting it. “To give unfinished paintings for an exhibition is suffering for me,” the artist wrote.

II Levitan was a highly cultured and educated person. He loved and understood Russian literature and poetry, was fond of theatrical performances and was familiar with theatrical figures, artists, writers, singers. Fyodor Ivanovich Chaliapin wrote about the great general artistic influence that the work of I.I. Levitan had on him. The artist was interested in the development of science. He was acquainted with the physicist Lebedev, Timiryazev. Friendship with Anton Pavlovich Chekhov gave I.I. Levitan a lot. Many prominent contemporaries of the artist said that it was Levitan's paintings that revealed to them the discreet beauty of Russian nature. Reproductions of the artist's works accompany the study of literary and musical works, since his art is full of poetry and very musical. Our today's lesson will also be accompanied by poems and music.

3. The main part of the training session

Presentations are accompanied by comments by trained students (2 - 3 people) .

1 group of students.

The music of D. Shostakovich sounds - “Prelude No. 5” - “Soul”.

The future painter was born on August 18, 1860 in the town of Kybarty near the small railway station Verzhbolovo into an intelligent Jewish family. Isaac's father was a restless and restless man: he was a translator in a French firm that was building a bridge across the Neman; cashier and duty officer at the railway station; librarian in a rural reading room. Often, Isaac, together with his father, met and saw off trains and dreamed of amazing countries. The mother of the future artist was passionate about literature. In the evenings she read aloud to the children. I read it with inspiration and great feeling. The boy remembered these evenings for the rest of his life. In the late 1860s, the father moved the family to Moscow to give the children the opportunity to go out into the world. Parents were sensitive to their sons' passion for art and did not mind when in 1870 the eldest son Adolf, and then, in 1873, Isaac decided to enter the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. (Presentation 1. ppt. 2 slide)

The years of I.I. Levitan's teaching at the School of Painting were a time of high growth and flourishing of the School. Only at the end of the young painter's stay here did a decline begin to take shape. The School of Painting was called the “Moscow Academy” and, to a certain extent, was opposed to it as a freer and more progressive educational institution of the Imperial Academy in the capital. In the 1970s and early 1980s, Moscow Wanderers, primarily V.G. Perov and A.K. Savrasov, played a leading role in it. Talented teachers attracted students to participate in traveling exhibitions. These exhibitions taught pupils, even at school, to take a responsible approach to their work, to offer it to the general public, brought up in them a professional attitude to business and a spirit of independence.

The years of study at the school became a time of difficult trials for Isaac. Subsequently, he wrote: “You don’t have to imagine very rosy the prospect of teaching painting ... How much effort, work, grief, while I got out on the road.” The life of a young man became especially difficult after the death of his parents. In 1875, the mother died, two years later - the father, and the children had to lead an almost beggarly lifestyle. And yet, forever hungry, having no permanent home, the young man never left his paints and pencils, he worked tirelessly. (Presentation 1. ppt. 3 slide)

The most advanced in the school was the workshop of A.K. Savrasov, in which they painted from life, studied nature. Savrasov knew how to inspire his students, and, seized with an enthusiastic worship of nature, they, united in a friendly circle, worked tirelessly both in the workshop, and at home, and in nature. II Levitan eagerly absorbed all the impressions. His receptive nature and hard work allowed him to make the most of the cutting-edge and new that the teaching and enthusiasm of his teacher brought with them. The method of work of A.K. Savrasov on nature, its careful study I.I. Levitan used in his works of the so-called “Ostankino period”. Simultaneously with the study of nature, A.K. Savrasov recommended to his students the development of the experience of working in the open air of French artists - Barbizon. Levitan specially learned French, in order to get acquainted with the monograph of the French artist Camille Corot, whose painting fascinated him very much. (Presentation 1. ppt. 4 slide)

The love for nature and its observation instilled by A.K. Savrasov could only be strengthened by V.D. Polenov, who appeared at the school in the autumn of 1882. The new trends that V.D. Polenov brought with him - the desire for a new coloristic solution - enriched the understanding of color in painting, which was very important for the formation of the young I.I. Levitan. Polenov would later become a friend of the artist. Literary and musical evenings were held at Polenov's dacha, home performances were staged. Here Vasily Dmitrievich, who constantly lived surrounded by creative youth, organized competitions and awarded prizes for best job(Presentation 1. ppt. 5 slide)

Konstantin Korovin, a wonderful Russian impressionist painter, was a close friend of Levitan and left the warmest memories of him (“Konstantin Korovin remembers”). (Presentation 1. ppt. 6 slide)

It is impossible not to mention the friendship of Levitan with A.P. Chekhov. The Chekhov family was talented, noisy and mocking. Incredible stories, inventions, laughter were already beginning at the tea table in the morning. He didn't stop until late in the evening. This was perhaps the happiest time in the life of a young artist. (You can learn more about this time by reading Mikhail Chekhov's book "Around Chekhov").

At Chekhov's dacha in Babkino, a truly great friendship between I.I. Levitan and A.P. Chekhov began, a friendship for life. Both of them had a beneficial effect on each other. It was also enriching the perception of the writer of painting, and the painter of literary art, in particular in relation to nature and its figurative development and display (Presentation 1. ppt. 7, 8, 9 slides).

After the death of Perov, the dismissal of Savrasov, the attitude towards the landscape class at the school deteriorated sharply, and Levitan leaves the school with a diploma of a non-class artist, allowing him to be only a drawing teacher. The artist continues to work tirelessly and his skill is growing rapidly. His works are acquired by Tretyakov and other patrons, he participates in exhibitions, works on scenery in the theater, travels and works tirelessly in the Crimea and abroad, on the Volga and in Savvinskaya Sloboda. He becomes a recognized master (Presentation 1. ppt. 10. 11, 12 slides).

The artist's personal life does not add up, however, there are women who played a big role in his life (Presentation 1. ppt. 13 slide).

But recognized by almost everyone, appreciated by the most diverse artistic circles, and quite financially secure, I.I. Levitan is by no means satisfied with what has been achieved. On the contrary, he is all in search and directed to the future. This passionate creative burning is all the more remarkable because it proceeded in the conditions of an ever-growing heart disease and an ever-increasing decline in physical strength associated with this. The thing was really really bad. “The artist Levitan (landscape painter), apparently, will soon die,” A.P. Chekhov writes bitterly to A.S. Suvorin. To treat his serious illness, I.I. Levitan again went abroad twice. First in 1897 to Italy, Switzerland and finally to Nauheim in Germany near Frankfurt am Main. He is aware that his illness will “finish him”, but still he works hard abroad, as well as at home (Presentation 1. ppt. 14 slide).

2 group of students.

The second group of students comments on visiting the hall “First paintings of I.I. Levitan” (see Appendix 1). The beginning and end of the performance are accompanied by fragments of Symphony No. 6 by W. A. ​​Mozart.

3 group of students.

The third group talks about the works of the master dedicated to the Russian village (see Appendix 1). The beginning and end of the performance are accompanied by fragments of the song by S. Kostochko “Village Dreams”, performed by V. Sobantseva, soloist of the choir. Pyatnitsky.

4 group of students.

The fourth group comments on the works made by the artist in the Crimea (see Appendix 1). Before showing the presentation (or during the show), students listen to the gentle sound of the surf.

5 group of students.

The fifth group conducts a tour of the works created on the Volga (see Appendix 2). Before the performance of the students, the Russian folk song “Down the mother, along the Volga”, performed by F.I. Chaliapin, sounds.

6 group of students.

The next group of students will talk about works written abroad (see Appendix 3). Before the performance, a musical fragment about Venice (“Oh, Venice, a fabulous city”) sounds.

7 group of students.

"Embodiment large images”- this is the name of the hall dedicated to the paintings “Evening Bells”, “At the Pool”, “Above Eternal Peace”, “Vladimirka”.

Before examining the painting “Evening Bells”, the song “Evening Bells” sounds (verses by I. Kozlov, music by A. Alyabyev).

The work of I.I. Levitan “Above Eternal Peace” - the artist painted this picture to the sounds of the Funeral March from Beethoven’s Heroic Symphony ( listening to fragments of the symphony).

A poem by A.K. Tolstoy "Kolodniki" precedes the consideration of the painting "Vladimirka" ( reading a poem by a teacher or a trained student) (see Appendix 4).

8 group of students.

This group of students will talk about the various works of the master, written in different seasons. (cm. Appendix 5). The journey through this hall is accompanied by the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky “The Seasons”.

9 group of students.

The next room is dedicated to the still lifes of I.I. Levitan (see Appendix 5 ) .Before the performance of the students, the composition of P.I. Tchaikovsky “Sweet Dream” sounds.

10 group of students.

“Drawings and watercolors by I.I. Levitan” (see Appendix 5 ) . Before the demonstration of this hall sounds “Morning” by E. Grieg.

11 group of students.

This group comments on the presentation dedicated to the pastels of I.I. Levitan (see. Annex 5 ) .Fragments of F. Liszt's nocturne "Dreams of Love" sound before the performance of students.

12 group of students.

The last room will tell about the search for the artist in last years his life, works created by the artist during this period (see Appendix 6). Serenade by F. Schubert completes the tour through the halls of the virtual museum of I. I. Levitan.

4. Summary of the lesson

Teacher. I would like to end our tour with the statements of the wonderful art critic and artist Alexander Benois, they are dedicated to I.I. Levitan:

“This is truly a person who takes you for a walk, sometimes in galoshes, sometimes under the scorching sun, but always in places where there is a wonderful smell of fresh air, snow, dry leaves and blossoming birch. Usually landscape painters paint landscapes, and they smell like oil.”

“Levitan's paintings are not views of localities, not reference documents, but Russian nature itself with its inexplicably subtle charm, quiet, modest, sweet Russian nature. However, where are those artists who ... immediately, with one general appearance of their paintings, would make them feel the similar moods that gripped them in the midst of nature? There were very few of them in the entire history of art, and Levitan is one of the very first among these few - a real poet by the grace of God.

5. Homework

Creative work. Perform a scenic study of the landscape. Think over the idea, the mood of the landscape, the compositional and coloristic solution.

Bibliography .

1. Asafiev, B.V. Russian painting. Thoughts and thoughts // Art history. Literary criticism. – M.: Respublika, 2004.

2. Benois A.N. History of Russian painting in the 19th century // Art History. - M.: Respublika, 1995.

3. Korovin K.A. Konstantin Korovin remembers... M.: Visual Arts, 1990.

4. Lyubimova I.A. Problems of picturesque characteristics of Russian landscape painting in the second half of the 19th century // Art History. - M.: RSL OD, 61:04 - 17 / 149-2004.

5. Sergeev A.A. Isaac Ilyich Levitan // Painting. – M.: Bely Gorod, 2005.

6. Fedorov - Davydov A.A. Isaac Ilyich Levitan. Life and work // Art history. – M.: Art, 1976.

7. Chekhov M.P. “Around Chekhov”, M., 1974.

Presentation provides information to a wide range of people in a variety of ways and methods. The purpose of each work is the transfer and assimilation of the information proposed in it. And for this today they use various methods: from a blackboard with chalk to an expensive projector with a panel.

The presentation can be a set of pictures (photos) framed with explanatory text, embedded computer animation, audio and video files, and other interactive elements.

On our site you will find a huge number of presentations on any topic that interests you. In case of difficulty, use the site search.

On the site you can download presentations on astronomy for free, get to know the representatives of flora and fauna on our planet better in presentations on biology and geography. At the lessons at school, children will be interested in learning the history of their country in presentations on history.

In music lessons, the teacher can use interactive presentations on music, in which you can hear the sounds of various musical instruments. You can also download presentations on the MHC and presentations on social studies. Fans of Russian literature are not deprived of attention, I present to you the work in PowerPoint on the Russian language.

For techies there are special sections: and presentations in mathematics. And athletes can get acquainted with presentations about sports. For those who like to create their own work, there is a section where anyone can download the basis for their practical work.

1 of 17

Presentation on the topic: Levitan Isaac Ilyich (1860 - 1900)

slide number 1

Description of the slide:

Levitan Isaac Ilyich (1860 - 1900) Artist-painter, landscape painter, master of lyrical landscape. Teacher at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. representative of the realist school. Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born on August 30, 1860 in Lithuania, in the town of Kybarty, Kovno province. In September 1876, Levitan entered the landscape workshop of A. K. Savrasov, and later became a student of V. D. Polenov.

slide number 2

Description of the slide:

The first recognition of talent The first works of the painter that have come down to us are two small landscapes shown at student exhibitions - "Evening" (1877) and "Sunny Day. Spring" (1877). From a student exhibition in 1880, P. M. Tretyakov acquired a nineteen-year-old artist's painting "Autumn Day. Sokolniki". This was the first recognition of Levitan's talent.

slide number 3

Description of the slide:

First works In the summer months of 1880-1884. he paints from life in Ostankino. Works related to this time: "Oak Grove. Autumn" (1880), "Oak" (1880), "Pines" (1880).

slide number 4

Description of the slide:

"Volga period" In 1887, the artist finally fulfills his dream, he gets to the Volga. The Volga period of Levitan's work lasts until 1890. Levitan - one of the greatest poets of the Volga The landscapes of the Volga created by Levitan are diverse ... Solemn silence, majestic peace emanates from the canvases: "Evening on the Volga" (1888) and "Evening. Golden Reach" (1889).

slide number 5

Description of the slide:

The heyday of creativity In March 1891, Levitan became a member of the Association of Traveling Exhibitions. S. T. Morozov (philanthropist and lover of painting) provides the artist with a workshop. The desire to create an epic image of nature, a painting-composition, marks the period of the artist's work from 1890 to 1895. Among them are such significant canvases as "At the Pool" (1892), "Vladimirka" (1892) and "Above Eternal Peace" (1894). 1895 was a complex and difficult year in the artist's life. Heart disease sapped strength, was accompanied by bouts of pain, suffocation ... Melancholy and personal troubles sometimes drove Levitan to despair, to attempts to end his life. However, love for nature and art was the life-giving force that not only helped to overcome the disease, but also led him to new creative discoveries. The arrival of Levitan in March 1894 in the Tver province, in Ostrovno, and then in Gorki opens last period artist's creativity.

slide number 6

Description of the slide:

"Vladimirka" (1892) Infinitely gray, the road goes off into the distance, seemingly unremarkable. Around empty, bare, only rare copses and bushes brighten up the poverty of the landscape. And the clouds, hopelessly hanging over the horizon, and the monochromatic color of the picture, and the lonely figure of the wanderer emphasize the gloomy motif of the desert road. Small paths, like streams into a river, flow into its wide course, and it dominates the steppe that spreads around, and it seems as if all of Russia is crossed by it.

slide number 7

Description of the slide:

slide number 8

Description of the slide:

"Above Eternal Peace" (1894) Her composition is unparalleled. In the foreground, on the left, rises the edge of the slope with a church and a cemetery on it. Further, as far as the eye can see, there is dull still water, bordered in the distance by the smooth line of a low bank, drearily deserted right up to the horizon. The far coast stretches in a narrow, painfully long strip, monotonous in color. Above him are formidable, heavy clouds, casting gloomy shadows on everything around. These poor villages, This meager nature - The land of the native long-suffering, The land of the Russian people! He will not understand and will not notice The proud gaze of a foreigner, What shines through and secretly shines In your humble nakedness. Dejected by the burden of the cross, All of you, dear land, In a slavish form, the king of heaven Came, blessing. Tyutchev F.I.

slide number 9

Description of the slide:

Awakening in creativity On sunny March days, nature awakens ("March"), the spring sings and rings a stream ("Spring. Last Snow", 1895), blooming apple trees are gently fragrant ("Blossoming Apple Trees", 1896); in the crystal autumn clarity, the gold of the leaves sparkles, the rivers turn blue, the groves empty ("Golden Autumn", 1895) and the "luxurious withering of nature" ("Autumn", 1895) sets in. The poetic beauty of nature is given as a glorification of the native country, it sounds like a song, a hymn to the Motherland.

slide number 10

Description of the slide:

"March" (1895) As if before the eyes of the viewer, winter is receding, unable to resist the young and healthy forces of spring. On the road that leads to the house, the snow has already turned brown, mixed with the ground. Near the house, where it is especially warm, the snow exfoliates, becoming like thin plates of mica. Only in a forest clearing, the snow is still almost untouched. The feeling created by the picture can be defined in one word - a holiday. The bright side of the house, reflecting sunlight, orange porch posts, deep brown shadows on the door, blue ones in the snow, light purple reflections on the crowns of young trees, the bright blue depth of the sky - such is the jubilant, full of life coloring of the picture.

slide number 11

Description of the slide:

"Golden Autumn" (1895) He finds clear, sonorous tones for the copper crowns of birches, dull, muted for the greenery of grasses, cold, blue-violet for the still surface of the water with clear reflections of the banks in it. He takes the viewer's eye far into the depths of the picture, following the stream disappearing among the fields. Drawing thin and slender birch trunks, he creates that subtle lyrical motif that makes one feel the poetry of Russian nature.

slide number 12

Description of the slide:

"Autumn" (1895) Sad time, eyes charm! Your parting beauty is pleasing to me, I love the lush nature of withering, Forests clad in crimson and gold. In their vestibule there is noise and fresh breath, And the skies are covered with wavy mist, And a rare ray of sun, and the first frosts, And threats distant from gray winter. A.S. Pushkin

slide number 13

Description of the slide:

"Spring - big water" The painting "Spring - big water" (1896-1897) completes the cycle of lyrical landscapes of 1895-1896. Not what you think, nature: Not a cast, not a soulless face - It has a soul, it there is freedom, it has love, it has a language...

slide number 14

Description of the slide:

Recent works In the last years of his life, Levitan's landscapes amaze with subtlety and depth. They reflect the artist's desire to "sophisticate" his art in such a way as to "hear the vegetative vegetation". He increasingly turns to the embodiment of elusive moments in nature, strives for the ultimate laconism of the image "The Last Rays of the Sun" (1899), "Moon. Twilight" (1899), "Twilight" (1900), "Twilight. Haystacks" (1899). The last two landscapes are recognized as true masterpieces of Levitan.

slide number 15

Description of the slide:

Recent works The painting "Lake" became the artist's swan song. Levitan thought to call his work "Rus"; he wanted to give in it, as it were, some synthesis of his many searches. "Lake" is a generalized image of the beautiful and bright Russian nature. Rus', Motherland - the last thoughts and feelings of the artist. He couldn't finish the picture the way he wanted...

slide number 16

Description of the slide:

The last years of his life In 1898, Levitan was awarded the title of academician of landscape painting. He teaches at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. His landscapes appear at All-Russian exhibitions, at exhibitions in Munich and are successfully exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris. There is general recognition, fame. However, the artist's health is deteriorating sharply, heart disease is inexorably progressing. Treatment abroad helps for a short time. On July 22, 1900, Levitan died.

slide number 17

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Presentation - Bazunova N.A. According to the program of B.M. Nemensky, 3rd grade “Painting-landscape”. 3 quarter. Russian artist - I.I. Levitan.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born on August 18 (30), 1860 in a small village near Kibara station. Everyone in the family was hereditary Jews: grandfather, father. They lived quite poorly. Isaac Ilyich Levitan

V. Serov paints a portrait of I. Levitan. Artists.

Both brothers initially chose the path of art: the elder brother Abel entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1879, and Isaac Levitan entered the same place in 1873. Parents did not interfere with this choice, even despite the difficulties with money, on the contrary, they supported their sons. Self-portrait Education.

In the 1880s, Levitan opens up even more as an artist. The painting "Oak" is a mixture of the influence of Savrasov and Polenov painting. Levitan somehow managed to convey the barely visible movements of nature, its emotionality and the play of light ("Last snow. Savvinskaya Sloboda", "In the winter in the forest", "In the spring in the forest"). Levitan's work.

On the other hand, the works of 1883-1885, on the contrary, are very bright and cheerful. These are the paintings "The First Green. May", "The Bridge. Savvinskaya Sloboda". In 1884, Levitan stopped attending the school, he was already a fairly well-established artist, with his own style and outlook. And in 1886, Levitan began to participate in exhibitions of the Association of the Wanderers

In addition, Levitan was in close friendly relations with A.P. Chekhov. They even rested together in the same estate in Babkino. Staying at the estate was fruitful in terms of Levitan's creativity. He painted such works as "Istra River", one of the masterpieces of "Birch Grove".

In 1886 Levitan goes to the Crimea. His famous Crimean landscapes appear there. Moreover, he wrote not places visited by tourists and front streets, but unfamiliar, quiet corners of the nature of a fertile land. At the beginning of 1887, these sketches were exhibited at the Periodic Exhibition of the Moscow Society and quickly sold out. Crimea.

In the spring of 1887, Levitan travels to the Volga for new experiences. But this trip did not give him the expected pleasure. The Volga met him with cloudy skies and rainy weather. Not finding what he expected there, Levitan went back to Moscow. Nevertheless, the paintings "Spill on the Sura" and "Evening on the Volga" were painted. Volga.

At the beginning of 1890, Levitan went to Western Europe. It certainly was an important trip. A number of landscapes were painted in France and Italy. "Coast of the Mediterranean Sea" can rightfully be considered the best foreign landscape in the artist's work. In Venice and the Alps, very beautiful landscapes: "Near Bordighera. In the north of Italy", "Spring in Italy", etc. Western Europe. Italy.

Upon returning to his homeland, the painting "Quiet Abode" was created. After she visited the exhibition of the Wanderers, Levitan was talked about in society. And since the 1890s, the flowering of Levitan's creativity began, where the whole society already knew about him. Quiet abode.

In these years, paintings with a dramatic tinge appear. These are "At the pool", "Vladimirka", "Above the eternal rest". The latter was endowed with philosophical meaning. In the picture, the image of the cape and the surrounding nature figuratively recalls the indifference of man to nature, as well as the feelings of the artist in moments of loneliness, melancholy After 1892.

The painting "March" can be said to have revolutionized the history of Russian painting. After all, no one has depicted a winter day so vividly, realistically (and it was a winter day that was depicted in the picture, despite the name). March.

From the mid-1890s, Levitan began to paint still lifes. The works were so strong that they can be compared with the still lifes of Edouard Manet. In addition, Levitan writes in pastel. These are bright, lively landscape works "Meadow at the edge of the forest", "By the stream". Pastel.

In 1893, Levitan rested in the summer at the Panafidins' estate in the Tver province. He lives with S.P. Kuvshinnikova in the village. Ostrovno. 1896 for Levitan was not only fruitful in his work, but, unfortunately, aggravated by the state of his health. This year he suffered from typhus for the second time, and after that his heart disease worsened. She was incurable. It was clear that the life path of the artist would soon end. Still life.

However, the artist does not stop working. Moreover, the motives of his work are diverse. These are the favorite rural corners of nature with its ravines, porches and capes. Twilight landscapes ("Moonlight Night", "Twilight. Haystacks", "Moonrise. Villages") became characteristic subjects of this period. Moonlight night.

In some works of the late Levitan, a stormy thirst for life breaks through. This is a picture of Stormy Day. In the work "Storm. Rain" one sees the inevitability of the death of the artist, doom and melancholy. 1899. Storm. Rain.

The main of Levitan's last paintings was the work "Lake. Rus'". In this work, and love for life, and the brightness and liveliness of nature. In the last years of his life, a number of bright and powerful works of Rus.Lake were written.

In 1899, Levitan was sent to Yalta, with the hope of somehow improving the patient's condition. But this trip did not affect health in any way. After returning to Moscow, Levitan no longer left his house. Gold autumn.

The landscapes of Isaac Levitan are often called masterpieces. He did not just depict landscapes familiar to many. Sometimes they say: "The artist sang the beauty of nature." This expression means that he put all the power of love into his paintings. Levitan's paintings are really full of love for native nature. They are like beautiful music and refined poetry. Looking at Levitan's painting "Golden Autumn", you remember both the music of Russian composers and the best lines of Russian poetry about autumn. "Charm of the eyes", "forests clad in crimson and gold" - these words of Pushkin are very suitable for "Golden Autumn". On the canvas we see a characteristic Russian landscape. A calm day in the middle of autumn. The sun is shining, but not so bright. A Russian expanse opens up before your eyes: fields, groves, a river. The blue sky with white clouds on the horizon converges with the line of the forest. A narrow river with low banks crosses the picture vertically, helping the viewer's eye to see the perspective. With clear vertical strokes, the artist shows the movement of water. Before us is a birch grove. Birch is a very picturesque tree. Levitan, like many artists, loved birch trees and often depicted them in his landscapes. Autumn has already painted nature in its autumn colors: yellow, golden orange. They are so bright that at first it seems: the whole picture is written in different tones. yellow color. But this is only at first glance. Looking closely, we see that the grass in the foreground is still green, just beginning to turn yellow. And the far field, behind which you can see several village houses, is still green. And the grove on the right bank is still cheerfully green. But our attention is riveted to the yellow birches. Their foliage flutters in the wind, shimmers like gold in the sunlight. There is no sadness in the landscape, on the contrary, the mood is peaceful, calm. This is golden autumn. She captivates with beauty.

Landscapes of Levitan.

Levitan graphics.

I.I. Levitan.

Isaac Levitan is an artist whom we call a singer of native nature. He loved her in all manifestations - both in magnificent beauty and in miserable poverty. It is this - miserable, plain, dull - that nature appears before us in one of his early landscapes "Autumn. Road in the village". The artist portrayed autumn in its saddest period, when it looks plain, dull, gray. And he took the same paints for this - dull, nondescript. The color of many of them is difficult to determine, it is easier to call the word "dark". Cloudy day in late autumn. The fall season is long over. Long rains thoroughly washed away the dirt village road. Looking at it, you imagine how they will tie their feet in this mud, with what difficulty the horse will drag the cart along it. The road in the picture begins right in the center in the foreground and vertically, slightly curving, leads into the distance. Along the edges of the road are the remains of dried withered grass. Against the background of the rest of the fading, it seems quite bright. This dark strip of road divides the lower part of the picture almost exactly in half. There is a huge puddle on the right side of the road. Many artists, when depicting calm water in their paintings, liked to use its reflective effect, like a mirror. Here Levitan uses the same technique. Not far from the puddle are two mighty trunks. There are no more leaves on the trees. Despite their height and thickness, the trees look helpless, bare. These nearly vertical stems help the artist define the vertical perspective of the canvas. On both sides of the road are human dwellings - peasant huts. Like everything else, they look plain and bleak. Of all the living things in the picture - a miserable lonely crow on a tree branch. More than two-thirds of the picture is occupied by the sky - gray, hopeless, bright blue with only a thin strip at the very horizon. Soon snow will fall from the sky and cover the earth with the sky, everything will change, become snow-white. Pain, sadness and, despite this, love for the native side we see in this picture. Composition based on the painting "Road in the village".

TMC "Primary School of the 21st Century" Isaac Ilyich Levitan Lesson Objectives: 1 Teaching: - Introduce the stages of the artist's biography and his work. - To consolidate students' knowledge of the art form - painting. - To consolidate knowledge of concepts: landscape, still life, portrait. 2 Developing: - To develop oral, artistic speech of students. - Promote the development of attention, memory. - To develop the aesthetic taste of students. - Develop the ability to analyze your own performances. 3 Educational: - Raise interest in art - painting - landscape. - To cultivate attention to the work of other students, goodwill The course of the lesson.

1 Textbook. 2 Reproductions of paintings by Russian artists of the 19th century 3 Series "Art Gallery" Shishkin, Polenov, Savrasov 4 Art books "Levitan", "State Russian Museum", 5 Computer, multimedia projector, Microsoft PowerPoint presentation. 6 Cards with terms: painting, landscape, still life, portrait, watercolor, pastel, sketch, sketch. 7 Art supplies: brushes, palette, art pastels and watercolors. Equipment.

1. Organizing time- We start our lesson by listening to a musical fragment and viewing a kaleidoscope of pictures - At music lessons, you heard this piece of music. Remember its name and the name of the composer (Ludwig van Beethoven "Moonlight Sonata"). - Why is a musical fragment of this composer used in the display of paintings?! You will learn about this a little later. 2. Repetition - Define the genre of these paintings... (landscape) Explain your understanding of the word "landscape" The French word "landscape" means "nature". In the fine arts, this is the name of the genre of painting, in which the natural motif is the “hero” of the work (sketch, sketch, painting). Figures of people or animals are a means of complementing and enlivening the landscape. As a genre, landscape first appeared in China in the 6th century. What types of landscape do you know? (There are landscapes: urban, industrial, rural) Remember the excursion to the Russian Museum on the topic “Landscape”, give examples of paintings by artists you know that can be called landscapes, And what are such artists (landscape painters) called? Lesson progress.

Now we will get acquainted with the wonderful Russian landscape painter of the 19th century Isaac Ilyich Levitan, we will learn the main stages of his life path and creativity. Look at the portrait of a young artist. He breathed life with nature alone: ​​He understood the babble of a stream, And he understood the voice of tree leaves, And he felt the vegetative vegetation; The star book was clear to him, And spoke to him sea ​​wave. E. A. Baratynsky Theme of the lesson.

a) Speech by assistant bibliographers on the topic: “Levitan’s Childhood” and “What and how did I.I. Levitan” (textbook material pp. 120-121 was used + additional information from the Internet with a generalization of the teacher) Dramatization “A man lived in the world ...” (textbook pp. 121-120) b) The beginning of a creative path. The formation of the artist's personality was influenced by: - ​​Family, family upbringing. - Wednesday - Moscow, its culture, soul and traditions. - Teachers - Alexey Savrasov and Vasily Perov, a circle they created for students who are embraced by enthusiastic worship of nature. Levitan's everyday hardships worsened, and for some time he lives with his sister's family in a suburban area near Moscow, from where he walks to the school for classes and with inspiration works on the painting “Autumn Day. Sokolniki» Biography of I. Levitan.

Autumn day. Sokolniki, 1879 State Tretyakov Gallery The story of a student - a guide (adj.) The painting was noticed by the audience and received the highest rating possible at that time - it was acquired by Pavel Tretyakov, the founder of the famous State Tretyakov Gallery. “That sad look, that brief smile of withering, which in a rational being we call the Divine bashfulness of suffering” F.I. Tyutchev. Autumn day. Sokolniki.

Spring, spring! How clean the air is! How clear is the sky! With his living azure He blinds my eyes. Spring! Spring! How high on the wings of the breeze, caressing sunbeams, Clouds are flying! E.Yu.Baratynsky The story of the guide.

Levitan had an extraordinary ability to work, led a very solitary life, and from early morning until dusk he worked day after day without letting go of his brush. He received a diploma of a “non-class artist”, began to successfully participate in exhibitions of the Association of the Wanderers and, having received a significant amount for work on scenery for the opera, having gained relative prosperity, made a trip to the Crimea. Crimea. Mountains. Etude. (show) Seashore. Crimea. 1886 Crimean period.

) Meeting with the Volga open spaces. Levitan feels the need for new strong artistic impressions and goes to the Volga. The first meeting with the Volga did not satisfy him, but left a mark. It was cold, cloudy weather and the river seemed to him dreary and dead. The next spring, together with friends, the artist went on a steamer along the Oka to Nizhny Novgorod and further up the Volga. A surge of creative energy was associated with a stay in the small provincial town of Plyos. The months spent here and the next two years were the most fruitful of his life. Evening on the Volga. 1887-1888 State Tretyakov Gallery (screening) After the rain. Ples. 1889 State Tretyakov Gallery Volga works.

His first trip to Western Europe played an important role in the development of the artist. The artist wanted to get acquainted with modern painting, widely represented at the World Exhibition held in Paris. The trip gave him self-confidence - his path is correct. In France and Italy he painted a number of landscapes, but his native nature was closer to him. First trip to Europe. 1890 State Tretyakov Gallery The story of a student - a guide. (adj.) The painting is beautiful and appreciated by the artist himself. Levitan's name was "on the lips of all intelligent Moscow." Western Europe.

) Forced departure to the Vladimir province. But his life in these years was not cloudless, devoid of sorrow and hardships. By order of the government, he leaves the city within 24 hours. Despite the protests of the artistic community, the painter had to live for some time either in Tver or in Vladimir provinces. Vladimirka. 1892 State Tretyakov Gallery (screening) The notorious highway, convicts were driven along it along the stage to Siberia. Levitan presented it as a gift to Tretyakov, whom he considered a "great citizen." At the whirlpool. 1892 State Tretyakov Gallery (screening) Above eternal rest. 1894 State Tretyakov Gallery (show) Landscape of the soul. While writing it, Levitan listened to the music of his favorite composer Beethoven, performed by friends. The efforts of friends such as Anton Chekhov and Pavel Tretyakov allowed him to return to Moscow. Vladimir period.

During this period of time, Levitan often painted still lifes and not only ... Remember what a still life is. Still lifes. The French word "still life" means "dead nature" Still life is the depiction of inanimate objects in the visual arts. - Let's admire Levitan's still lifes. Pictures: Cornflowers, Dandelions, Nenyufars, Forest violets, White lilac. Still lifes by Levitan.

Gold autumn. 1895 State Tretyakov Gallery (showing) Before you is a well-known painting by the artist. Prepare a story for her at home. March. 1895 State Tretyakov Gallery The story of a student - a guide. (adj.) The snow is still whitening in the fields, And the waters are noisy in spring. They run and wake up the sleepy shore, They run and shine, and they say F. Tyutchev “Spring Waters” Painting “Golden Autumn”.

Despite the help of the best Russian and foreign doctors and trips to resorts, the artist was given three years to live. He treats his condition courageously and wisely. He actively participates in artistic life, exhibits paintings in many exhibitions in Russia abroad, began teaching at his native School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Gloomy day (pastel). 1896 Russian Museum. (show) Spring is big water. 1897 Tretyakov Gallery Chased by spring rays, Already snow from the surrounding mountains Fled in muddy streams To flooded meadows. A.S. Pushkin Meadow at the edge of the forest (pastel). 1898 Russian Museum. (show) The final period of creativity.

The life of the landscape painter Isaac Ilyich Levitan ended. It was short and fruitful. His creative path lasted about 20 years, but during these years he created more than all the other landscape painters of Russia combined. About 40 unfinished paintings and about 300 sketches remained in his studio. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow near the graves of his friends, the artist Nesterov and the writer A.P. Chekhov. In memory of the artist.

Died at 1900. Novodevichy cemetery.

“He is one of the nicest personalities among artists ...” In Levitan’s work, “nature has reached its perfection!” Native nature “appeared before us as something new, and at the same time, very close ... dear and dear” “No, not a landscape attracts me, the sharp eye will not notice the colors. But what shines in these colors is Love and the joy of being” Contemporaries about I.I. Levitan.

Animation artist.

House of V. Vatagin in Vologda.

Polar bear.

Work in the workshop.

Sketches of the artist.

prehistoric world.

Creativity of the artist.

Sculpture.

Elephant. Small plastic.

Graphic arts.

Monkey portrait.

Book graphics "Mowgli".

Painting.

Exhibition of works.

"Levitan is an artist who sang his song about Russian nature so clearly, in such a pure, so captivating voice that we almost never see conflicting interpretations of his work in literature. And it's hard to even meet viewers who, approaching his works with an open soul and heart, will remain indifferent, will not fall under the charming, amazing sincerity and love of Levitan in Russian nature, will not fall under the charm of his rare ability to convey all the shades, all the features of the characteristic signs and features of nature middle lane Russia.« Ioganson B.V.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born in 1860. His father graduated from the rabbinic school, but did not become a clergyman - at various times he was a teacher foreign languages, railway employee. Levitan's youthful years passed in severe need and deprivation. Early left without a mother and father, he experienced all the bitterness of poverty, humiliation and even persecution. The extraordinary talent of the artist was already noticed during his studies at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he entered in 1873.

In this early work, those unique features of creativity that distinguish him from other landscape painters appeared. The ability to express through the landscape the state of the human soul, not aloof, but deeply personal penetrating experience of this or that state or motive of nature were the precious qualities of his talent. In the painting "Autumn Day. Sokolniki, the artist achieves a subtle correspondence between the internal structure of a person and the image of nature. Feelings of confusion, some kind of discord in the soul of a hurriedly walking woman are consonant with the view of a deserted alley with young maples fluttering in the wind and soft colors last days autumn.

Levitan loved nature to the point of enthusiastic worship of it, he, like no one else, deeply felt, understood her, knew how to tune in to her conditions. The artist was best able to capture his admiration for sunlight and admiration for the diverse play of colors in nature in his small, simple in motive, but most charming works:

Not so much a story about the life of nature, but a natural impression from what he saw and struck the artist’s sensitive soul to beauty is conveyed in the painting “Birch Grove” (). Using the techniques of plein air and partly impressionistic painting, the artist invites the viewer to watch with him the whimsical movement and vibration of light, constantly changing the color of objects, the play of sunbeams on the white trunks of birches and the greenery of grass and foliage.

Levitan's favorite places for summer work on sketches and recreation at that time were the Savvinskaya Sloboda near Zvenigorod or the Babkino estate of the Kiselevs, on the Istra River, not far from New Jerusalem, where he spent more than one summer with the Chekhov family. For many years he was connected with A.P. Chekhov by deep bonds of friendship and mutual affection.

"Levitan loved nature somehow especially. It was not even love, but some kind of love ... Did Levitan love his art? Of course, there can be no doubt. If he loved something in life with all the fibers of his being, then precisely art. He loved him somehow reverently and touchingly. Art was for him something even sacred. Did he believe in himself? Of course, yes, although this did not prevent him from forever doubting, forever suffering, forever Levitan knew that he was on the right path, believed in this path, believed that he saw new beauties in his native nature, but at the same time it always seemed to him that he did not convey even a share of everything he found, everything that lived in his soul. ”, - wrote Chekhov’s younger brother - Mikhail

But the artist's trips to the Volga helped to truly reveal Levitan's talent. The mighty Russian river gave the artist new motives and images. Based on sketches painted in the small Volga town of Ples, Levitan's first major painting “After the Rain. Plyos (1889).

One of the most sincere works of the artist, “Evening. Golden Ples (1889). Depicting, as if from a bird's eye view, a river steadily carrying its waters and its gently sloping and steep banks, the artist managed to convey that special state of peace and quiet that reigns in nature in the evening hour before sunset. With the finest color transitions, the master achieved a golden-pink glow of the air and the illusion of light moisture, when objects seem to melt, losing their clarity of outline. Levitan's wonderful gift of capturing the subtle beauties of nature that are difficult to convey and creating a mood in the landscape was fully revealed here.

By the end of the 1880s, Levitan's name was becoming famous. There comes a time when talent flourishes, when his brush reaches the limits of perfection and he creates one masterpiece after another. Landscape images of the 1890s are enriched with deeper thoughts and feelings, they reveal inner world artist.

These are not only beautiful landscapes, but also pictures of the human soul. The artist immerses the viewer in the contemplation of a monastery lost among the forests, whose churches and bell tower bathe in the rays of the setting sun and are reflected in the quiet water surface. In these images, amazing in beauty and a sense of goodness, the artist seems to embody his dream, an ideal idea of ​​​​a life devoid of anxieties and worries, idle fuss, a life subject to the laws of higher harmony, when the human merges with the divine.

Then in the canvas “Evening Bells” there seems to be no possibility of such a connection. Here the river in its smooth, as if circular motion goes past the monastery into the distance. Never before in the images of nature did Levitan achieve such poignancy in expressing purely personal experiences and reflections on life.

The sadly elevated mood of these paintings is replaced by a dramatic one in the canvas “At the Pool” (1892). The picture was painted in the Tver province in the Panafidins' estate "Pokrovskoye". The basis of the plot was a local legend about a girl who drowned in a whirlpool, which at one time inspired A.S. Pushkin to write his Mermaid. For Levitan, the legend became the starting point for creating an exceptionally powerful tragic image. The monumental nature of the painting (in terms of its size it is the largest in the artist's work) with its dark condensed color chords raises the usual landscape motif to sound like a theme of human destiny. Levitan was an unusually impressionable nature. Severe suffering in his youth, apparently, left its mark on the heart of the artist, he often moved from a high rise to depression, to bouts of melancholy. A painful state of mind twice led the artist to attempt suicide. In the painting "At the pool" expressed something intimate, deeply experienced by the artist himself.

The ability to think in terms of landscape painting helped Levitan create his famous painting "Vladimirka" (1892), which is sometimes called a "historical" landscape. One day, returning from a hunt, the artist went to the old Vladimir highway and suddenly realized that this was the very road along which thousands and thousands of unfortunate convicts had traveled to Siberia. As a result, one of the most popular paintings among Levitan's contemporaries was painted, giving rise to mournful thoughts about long-suffering Russia and its people.

Levitan's philosophical thought reached its apogee in the painting "Above Eternal Peace" (1894). The grandiosity of the water and sky elements, the boundlessness of space - and here, open to all winds, a small island of land with an abandoned cemetery and a chapel, in the window of which a light barely flickers ... Everything gives rise to thoughts about life and death, about the insignificance of man and his mortal fate in the face of eternal majestic nature. But in the picture there is no heavy hopeless feeling.

Levitan wrote to P.M. Tretyakov about this canvas: “I am all in it, with all my psychology, with all the content.” Although when creating the canvas, the master used field observations, spending the summer near Vyshny Volochok, near Lake Udomlya, the landscape does not give the impression of an absolutely real one, as in his other works. To express such abstract ideas, Levitan resorted to a more conventional language of painting, simplifying forms and color, giving them an almost symbolic ambiguity.

Nature appears here in the fullness of its forces. Bright sunlight becomes the main means of creating high spirits. Just as in his early etude works, the artist seeks to convey the freshness, immediacy of his visual perception of what he saw in nature, but expresses it in other ways. Detailed, detailed, sometimes descriptive reproduction of nature gives way to a simpler, more concise, but at the same time more capacious, expressive. The artist boldly uses bright, resonant colors, dense open texture of painting.

The monumental painting "Lake" (), on which he began to work at the end of his life and which he intended to call "Rus", remained unfinished. Numerous preparatory sketches and sketches show how importance the artist attached to this work, trying to generalize his many years of various observations in a synthetic image of Russian nature. Depicting a high blue sky with snow-white clouds emerging from somewhere on the edge of the earth, a wide blue lake, sown fields, villages, white temples and bell towers in the background, the artist unfolds a festive all-embracing panorama of his native land. The clear enlightened image created by the artist fills with freedom, the joy of life. Perhaps it was here that he was able to express what he had dreamed of all his life.

In 1887, he wrote: “I have never loved nature so much, I have never been so sensitive to it, I have never felt so strongly this divine something, poured into everything, but which not everyone sees, which cannot even be called, so how it does not lend itself to reason, analysis, but is comprehended by love. Without this feeling there can be no true artist. Many will not understand, perhaps they will call it romantic nonsense - let it be! They are prudence... But this insight is for me a source of deep suffering. Could it be anything more tragic than to feel the infinite beauty of the surroundings, to notice the innermost secret, to see God in everything and not be able, conscious of one’s powerlessness, to express these great feelings.