Last days and death. Why Vladimir Vysotsky died. Notes of the doctor Vysotsky before his death
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THE MYSTERY OF VLADIMIR VYSOTSKY'S DEATH..................................
Andrey Berezhny ..............................
OVladimir Vysotsky wrote thousands of pages. It is all the more difficult to bring something new here, especially for a person who has never been close to the poet who has not communicated. But I know his work well, I try not to lose sight of publications about him, especially if their authors are people who knew Vysotsky enough.
I have always been interested in the mystery of the death of Vladimir Vysotsky. I remember those very well July days, days of the Olympics ... The news of his death spread quite quickly, although the authorities tried to put an informational muzzle on this event.
I remember how the bitterness of loss was mixed with a feeling of bewilderment, annoyance - why is he, and why - so early? Why did he leave so suddenly, being at the height of his fame and popularity? Indeed, for many years we did not know anything about the events connected with his death. We do not know much even now. People who could shed light on many questions that were next to the poet during the last days, hours and minutes of his life, remain silent. They do not write memoirs, although they knew the poet, perhaps, like no one else.
This article and the questions posed in it are based solely on eyewitness accounts. Based on materials of scant interviews related to memories of Vysotsky, on the comparison and analysis of these materials. It follows from them that the last people who communicated with the poet, people who played a special (sinister?) role in his life (death?), were the chief administrator of the Taganka Theater Valery Yanklovich and Vysotsky's attending physician Anatoly Fedotov.
In this work, we will restore and consider the last days of the life of Vladimir Vysotsky. These last days, according to V. Yanklovich, begin on July 18, 1980: “The “last days” begin on July 18 ... Perhaps I am wrong. The conclusions and assumptions given here are purely subjective.
In the morning screenwriter Igor Shevtsov came to V. Vysotsky. They discussed, first of all, the future filming at the Odessa Film Studio of the film "Green Van", which was going to be directed by V. Vysotsky. In a conversation, the latter dropped the following phrase to his attending physicians: “They don’t treat me, bastards ...” He felt fine, had a meaningful conversation, and nothing foreshadowed trouble. But by evening, everything changed dramatically.
Before the performance of "Hamlet" Vysotsky was already in a very serious condition. The emergency doctor gave him injections. For five minutes, the actor-poet felt better, but then it got even worse. After the injection of the doctor Fedotov, Vysotsky finished his role in the play.
Nikolai Tamrazov, entertainer: "Vladimir Sidorovich Potov was at this performance, he told me:
Volodya had glassy eyes.
The wife of Vladimir Sidorovich approached the stage and brought flowers. Volodya took the flowers, completely not understanding from whom, although they were well known. She said:
An almost insane person was standing on the stage, he took the flowers from me. I stand with an idiotic smile, waiting for him to somehow react ... Absolutely no reaction.
V. Vysotsky visits OVIR to obtain a visa for a trip to France with his wife. His visa was denied that day.
Kvecheru, according to A. Fedotov, the poet "left in a peak." But he not only drank, but found time to work. “In these last days,” as V. Yanklovich testifies, “he was still working ... Volodya begins to finalize the Second Aeroflot.” Writes - "Again I was struck with chills."
Therefore, there are no eyewitness accounts for the day. Most likely, V. Vysotsky spent it at home And spent it "roughly", judging by his state of health the next morning.
In the morning Vysotsky felt bad. But by evening he was better. That evening he played his last performance, Crime and Punishment.
Genrikh Pavda, a lawyer, recalls: “I went to see him the day before the last performance. Maybe at twelve, maybe at one ... I remember well how it was. We intended to discuss one issue, but I found Volodya in a very serious condition - and left.
Valera and I called back: "I don't know if he can play today ... Okay, come to the theater."
In the evening I arrived at Taganka - and was completely shocked (I still have this scene before my eyes) when I saw Volodya: collected, fit, going down the stairs near the buffet. And just a few hours ago...
Volodya was a little embarrassed because we were not that close...
You know, I was in a bit of a state...
Yes, nonsense ... "
Valery Yanklovich: "On the twenty-first -" Crime and Punishment "? Yes, I remember that Volodya really did not want to play. Lyubimov called him ... Galina Nikolaevna (Vlasova - head of the troupe) called a few, she said that there would be Japanese ... But it is very problematic whether Volodya played ... "
He acted in this play. Here is how Ilya Poroshin, the son of V. Yanklovich, recalls this: “On the 21st, with my friend Sasha, who did not fully believe in such a high acquaintance of mine, I came to the theater just to chat, and to see Volodya in Crime and Punishment.” In those days when performances with HIS participation were listed on the poster, the theater resembled a miserable fortress besieged by an innumerable horde. I no longer went to the performances in their entirety - I saw them all many times - so I watched my favorite, "Volodina" pieces. Shel first act. Sasha and I sat in the buffet for sandwiches. Near the opposite wall, three of my acquaintances were talking - ardent "Tagansky fans".
Suddenly HE enters. And straight to me. I was kind of overjoyed. I just say: "Here, Uncle Volodya, get acquainted: Sasha is my friend, we do karate together." Sashka is dumbfounded, like a rabbit at random, looks, shakes his hand. And Volodya, so exhausted, says to me: "Have a meal, and then go to the hall. There will be a very important scene." I told him: "Of course, of course." And HE suddenly leaned over, kissed me on the forehead, turned and left. I kind of froze. On the one hand, I was very flattering, joyful - that's all, and Sasha, too, saw how Uncle Volodya loves me. But there was something itching inside."
Elizaveta Avaldueva, head of the personnel department of the Taganka Theater: "Volodya called on July 22 ...
Elizaveta Innokentievna, this is Volodya ... - The voice is completely different ...
Which Volodya?
Volodya Vysotsky.
Lord, Volodya, what's wrong with you?!
I'm sick... I'll probably die soon."
Valery Yanklovich: "On the twenty-third he received a call from OVIR:
Vladimir Semenovich, go get your passport.
On July 23, Volodya left the house for the last time. He received a foreign passport at the OVIR and bought a ticket for Paris on July 29. "After that, he was in the theater.
Elizaveta Avaldueva: “On July 23, he arrived at the theater. Pale, no, even gray, I had never seen him like that. Then he returned an old brooch to Galina Nikolaevna Vlasova. He took it to evaluate and possibly buy for Marina ... "
Valery Yanklovich: “On the evening of 23, the doctors were there ... They suggested putting Volodya “on the apparatus”: there was a conversation to do it in the country ... Putting it on using some new technique - no one in the Union has done this yet. We agreed that they Volodya will be taken away on the twenty-fifth... And when a person is in the hospital, there is always some kind of hope - even if it is illusory..."
Anatoly Fedotov: “They wanted to put him in the hospital, they persuaded him. It’s useless! Now it’s clear that he had to be taken away by force. On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came with me. The guys were probably in the apartment for about an hour - they decided to pick it up in a day, when a separate box was vacated.
I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me.
Barbara Nemchik, wife of V. Yaiklovich, US citizen: “July 23 - we talked on the phone ... (B. Nemchik called from Rome - V.P.).
How are you doing there? Valera replied:
Can't you hear yourself?
(Volodya was heard moaning: "Ah! Ah!")
And so all the time?
All the time..."
Then the fun begins. Vysotsky again left the house. One. BezYanklovich. Why and why did he let him go? And why is he silent about this? We do not know when and where he left, or rather, Vysotsky left. But we know for sure that at about 11 p.m. he arrived at the restaurant of the All-Union Theater Society with a large sum of money, which for some reason he wanted to get rid of. We will return to this issue later. Until then, let's hear what he says:
Anatoly Balchev, composer: “I met Vysotsky on July 23 at the restaurant 6 TO. Volodya was in bad shape. He arrived around eleven in the evening. he had not been seen for a thousand years, and everyone wanted to have a drink with Volodya... Seeing his condition, I tried to drive this crowd away...
Then Volodya asked me:
Tolya, take a bottle with you... I won't drink - we'll only treat...
I also remembered well that he had a lot of money with him - a whole bundle. It seemed to him that he wanted to get rid of them, tried to give them away... As if he had a presentiment...
Yes, I took the bottle... Volodya, who very rarely trusted anyone with a car, asked to drive the Mercedes himself. Gave me the keys...
Let's go...
The actor Druzhnikov went with us. When we drove up to the house, he nevertheless took away this bottle of vodka from me:
I take it, they should come to me ... Well, it was simply impossible to convince him, to persuade him. The twenty-fourth of July began...
I went home, from home I called Malaya Gruzinskaya. I was told that Volodya was already asleep. I've calmed down a bit."
Valery Yanklovich: "These days Volodya was supposed to speak at the Mission Control Center - direct communication with space. There was a firm agreement, and representatives of the MCC came to Malaya Gruzinskaya. And Volodya did not leave the house, rushing around the apartment ...
Seva Abdulov and I were supposed to meet these people and say that Volodya was in the hospital ... We met, they explained everything. Both we and they left. Nina Maksimovna remained with Volodya (V. Vysotsky's mother - V.P.).
But these people did not believe us and returned after a while. They went up to the eighth floor, called ... Nina Maksimovna came out .. Fortunately, at that time Volodya did not moan. After all, for the last two days he just growled, rushed around the apartment ... Probably, he walked tens of kilometers. But at that moment he was silent. Nina Maksimovna said that Volodya was not at home. Then they finally left.
Honestly, I'll tell you - until the very end I believed that he would "jump out", that this time he would deceive death. I had such hope. On the day before his death, Volodya was suffocating, groaning, all eager to go somewhere ... Almost in an unconscious state. And suddenly he comes up to me, looks at me with completely clear eyes and says:
You know, I'm probably going to die today. I couldn't resist:
Aren `t you ashamed! Look how many people are spinning around you, have pity on them. How are you not ashamed to throw such phrases! Calm down, lie down. After all, everyone's strength is already running out.
I really was at the end of my strength. After all, all the others more or less changed, and I was with him almost around the clock. After a while, Volodya once again looked at me with sober, sober eyes and said a completely reasonable thing ... It was with such deceptive enlightenments that he aroused some hope in me ... "
Stepping back, it should be said that Vysotsky was not the only one who observed such external enlightenments at that time (albeit a few days earlier). Here is what, for example, I. Poroshin recalls:
As I understood from the conversations, "Volodya is on a deep binge." I came. Sat. I'm watching ... Everyone is running, rushing about - everything is somehow wrong.
I hear Volodin's voice: HE no longer speaks, but something growls terribly. He runs into the room with a glassy look (as in the photo in the role of Svidrigailov), looks at me point-blank and ... does not see ... He frantically searches for something, jumps out onto the stairs, then back. Suddenly he stops, his face suddenly softens, instantly becomes kinder, and HE says in a very quiet, even gentle voice: "Ah, Ilyushka, hello!" And that's it, turned off again. It started. I was very worried. And literally a day later, at night - Volodya and his father came for me to go to HIM to spend the night. He was fresh, "like a cucumber", all fit. Just seems to be very, very tired. I was terribly happy, I think it's over, thank God."
Anatoly Fedotov: “On July 24, I worked ... At about eight in the evening I popped into Malaya Gruzinskaya (Vysotsky’s home). He was very ill, he rushed around the rooms. He moaned, clutched at his heart.
Mom, I'm going to die today...
I've been away on urgent business for a while. Somewhere after twelve, Valera (Yanklovich) calls:
Tolya, come and stay with Volodya. I need to shave, rest. I came. He rushed around the apartment. moaned. This night was very difficult for him. I took a sleeping pill. He kept toiling. Then quieted down."
Valery Yanklovich: “That day I left home at two in the morning. And Nina Maksimovna and Seva Abdulov left even earlier. Volodya calmed down a little, Tolya Fedotov and I moved him from the office to the living room. We had to calm him down ...
Anatoly Fedotov: "He fell asleep on a small couch, which then stood in a large room.
Aya was from the shift - tired, exhausted. I lay down and fell asleep - probably three hours. I woke up from some ominous silence - as if someone pulled me. And to Volodya! The pupils are dilated, there is no reaction to light. I let's breathe, and my lips are already cold. Late.
Between 3:30 and 5:30 the heart stopped due to heart attacks.
kta. Judging by the clinic - there was an acute myocardial infarction. And when exactly did it stop?
heart - it's hard to say ... Called resuscitation, although it was clear that nothing could be done
it is forbidden. Called for peace of mind. I called the police so that later it would not be
rumors of a violent death."
Valery Yanklovich: I came home, turned off the phone, lay down. I already had no strength: all this had lasted for almost a week. But suddenly I seemed to be pulled, I jumped up and turned on the phone. The phone rang immediately. How much time has passed since my return home, I do not know. I grabbed the phone, Tolya Fedotov called - the doctor who stayed with Volodya in the apartment:
Valera, come quickly! Volodya is dead!
I jumped out of the house in shock, immediately hailed a taxi.
In Sklifosovsky!
I ran to the emergency room, a frightened taxi driver followed me. I was beating like a fever, they gave me some kind of injection ... The doctors immediately said:
We are coming for you!
I'm in a taxi, they're in an ambulance. We enter the house, VadimTumanov and his son are already there. Soon Seva Abdulov arrived. Everyone is in a feverish state. Nobody knows what to do, how to behave... I say:
Guys, first of all, you need to call the police. This is Vysotsky."
Vadim Tumanov, a close friend of V. Vysotsky: "On July 25, 1980, at twenty-four in the morning, the telephone rang in my apartment. The doctor called: "Volodya died."
Very serious discrepancies in the testimonies of all these people are striking. First of all, there are questions to the two persons who were the last to see Vysotsky alive - V. Yanklovich and A. Fedotov. One of them is lying, maybe both. It is noteworthy that both mention calling the police, although no one seems to ask them about it, and this, it would seem, is not such an important detail. A. Fedotov says that he called the police immediately or almost immediately after the statement of Vysotsky's death: "so that later there would be no rumors of a violent death." But by the arrival of V. Yanklovich, who, moreover, on the way, still stopped at the Institute. Sklifosovsky (why? Is it because there are "their own" doctors?), the police were not yet in the house, although Vadim Tumanov and his son were already there. By the way, according to Tumanov, A. Fedotov called him and informed him of his death at 3:40. A. Fedotov himself says that death occurred "between three and half past four." According to V. Yanklovich, a vich, he suggests calling the police himself, and "first of all" (is he also worried about the syndrome of "violent death"?). According to him, the police arrived at six in the morning. The officer on duty in the city, a police general, demands that the body be taken for an autopsy. Vysotsky’s father is categorically against it. Here is how V. Yanklovich testifies to this: “And here we must pay tribute to Semyon Vladimirovich: he categorically forbade the autopsy. And he acted very decisively. Cancellation of the diagnosis would follow. "(?)
They would have known about the disease ... The fact that Vysotsky was abusing alcohol was known to everyone who closely communicated or worked with him. Marina Vladi and V. Yanklovich knew about drugs. Of course, the attending physician A. Fedotov also knew about this. Moreover, it seems that in recent days it was he who gave drugs to Vysotsky. Recall the play "Hamlet" on July 18 - Vysotsky did not feel better after the injection made by the ambulance doctor, but he was able, albeit with difficulty, to finish the role after the injection of A. Fedotov, and at the end of the performance he was with glassy eyes (a characteristic sign of narcotic euphoria !) and did not even recognize Lotova, who was well known to him. At the same time, A. Fedotov himself in his memoirs does not speak (consciously?) About the injection he gave to Vysotsky behind the scenes, referring only to the call of the ambulance: “On July 18, 1980, I
I was a son on "Hamlet" - Valera Yanklovich found me. - Volodya is very ill. I am backstage. They called an ambulance, gave an injection - he barely finished playing, "
But V. Yanklovich quite clearly indicates that there were two injections: "I called an ambulance - Igor Godyaev arrived. The performance had already begun, Volodya was on stage, but he managed to go to the wings, and Igor gave him an injection. Ukolvitaminov. For five minutes he it got better - he came to life, but then - even worse ... They called a doctor ... Volodya ran away from the stage: Fedotov gave an injection ... With great difficulty he finished the performance ... "
Further. We suspect that A. Fedotov did not give a sleeping pill to V. Vysotsky a few hours before his death. We suspect that he gave the poet a drug, but did not calculate the dose, which was the immediate cause of death. And at the autopsy, this would indeed have been revealed with complete obviousness. Vysotsky already didn’t care, but for Fedotov it was a prison (theft of narcotic drugs was punished very strictly in those years).
Let's remember Vysotsky's departure from home on the evening of July 23, about which V. Yanklovich is silent. Let's remember the money that Vysotsky had at the WTO restaurant. This money (and the amount was large) was not found. Is it because the poet already had them? But after all, he could not and did not spend them in a restaurant, although, as A. Balchev shows, "he wanted to get rid of them, he tried to give them away." Yes, knowing what this money would be spent on, V. Vysotsky wanted to get rid of them, subconsciously realizing that he should not take the drug, although he was no longer physically able to resist the "withdrawal". By the way, that's why, leaving the restaurant, he asked Balchev to buy a bottle of vodka, which he took from him in front of the house - in this way he hoped to "kill" the craving for the drug.
V. Yanklovich: “Therefore, it was necessary to fill out all the documents very quickly, obtain a medical certificate of death, and without an autopsy it is impossible. Father is categorically against an autopsy. - something went on this issue. In the end, at about twelve o'clock we receive a death certificate - Tolya Fedotov went to the clinic "(of course Fedotov, who else? - A.B.)
This is how V. Yanklovich and A. Fedotov solved this issue. One may ask why Vysotsky's father objected to the autopsy? Everything is explained simply here. The fact is that without the relatives of the deceased, no efforts by Yanklovich and Fedotov to avoid an autopsy would have been successful. Yanklovich himself informed Vysotsky's father about Vladimir's death. Here is his testimony about this: "They began to discuss who would call mother, father, Marina ... I said that I could still call my father, but I could not call my mother. Vadim called Nina Maksimovna, I called my father." Further, already apparently at a meeting, and perhaps even over the phone, the poet's father was "convinced" of the undesirability of an autopsy, probably playing on his paternal feelings, which were expressed in unwillingness to damage his son's reputation with an "alcohol diagnosis", using also his authority as a front-line soldier in solving this issue with the medical and police authorities.
Let us also recall that on July 24, after 20:00, A. Fedotov drove home to Vysotsky and soon left, as he put it, "on urgent business," only to return later. What urgent business can be at such a time? Did he go for drugs? Non-narcotic drugs cost a lot of money. Wherever Fedotov got them, you had to pay for them. That is why they did not later find in the apartment the wad of money that Vysotsky had with him in the restaurant. She was paid for drugs, the injection of which killed the poet.
This year marks the 24th anniversary of the death of Vladimir Vysotsky. So many years later, can we find out the secret of his death? Forensic experts with whom I had to communicate argue that the exhumation of Vysotsky's remains could shed light on a lot. But in order to do this, you need permission from the authorities and the obligatory consent of the Poet's relatives.
Tour of Vladimir Vysotsky in Uzbekistan July 21-27, 1979. - Exactly 34 years ago!! The tour of Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky in Uzbekistan, which took place in the last decade of July 1979, is now known to the general public from the feature film “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive". Vysotsky and his companions then visited Tashkent, Uchkuduk, Zarafshan, Navoi and Bukhara ... As elsewhere, the audience was ready to listen to him for hours ... A year before his death, Vladimir Vysotsky experienced clinical death. It happened on tour in Bukhara. Fate gave him this time so that he could finish all his affairs: both personal and creative ... There are memories of people who were next to Vysotsky in July 79th. Administrator V.Goldman: "The first time Volodya died at 6 am, July 27, 1979, in Bukhara. He toured in Central Asia. In Navoi, Zarafshan, Uchkuduk, Bukhara. In the very heat ... The conditions of the tour were tough, Volodya I was obliged to give five - FIVE - concerts a day. Moreover, the last three - in an open area, when the terrible "Afghan" is blowing, when the sand clogs your mouth. We worked out Uchkuduk. We worked out Zarafshan. Volodya became ill in Zarafshan. At night - and we traveled only at night - we arrive in Bukhara. Early in the morning, Volodya, who seemed to feel better, went to the market, returned satisfied, cheerful. I remember telling him how plov was treated to him at the Bukhara market. Then he went into the room. And almost here but I heard a terrible scream. We ran into the room. Vysotsky died. " Doctor A. Fedotov: “Breathing has stopped, there is no pulsation on the carotid artery ... And there is already a complete absence of cardiac activity. I had caffeine - I injected it directly into the heart. And I began to do artificial respiration: from mouth to mouth. Seva (Abdulov, - M.Ts.) showed how to do a heart massage. And, apparently, the heart muscle was excited, - the heart began to work. And after about five minutes I look - independent respiratory movements began to appear ... ". Vysotsky did not reach Samarkand, where the tour was supposed to end. However, it was in this city in 1989 that one of the streets began to bear his name. "This decision was made by the City Council at the request of the amateur song club, which bears the name of the Soviet singer, poet and actor." It's hard to believe, but they say that the street has not yet been renamed, despite the haste with which the local authorities got rid of everything Russian. And this is not the only Vysotsky street in Uzbekistan! As R. Nazarov, who lives in Tashkent, told me (he is the author of a very interesting study "The national question in the life and work of Vladimir Vysotsky", published by the Tula magazine "Horizon" in September 2004. , in the 52nd issue), there is such a street in Tashkent - in the Yunusabad (former Kirov) district of the city. I don’t know if beauty will save the world, but there is no doubt that poetry can bring people together much better than the most crackling speeches. Just as there is no doubt that the works of national cultures become, if they are worth it, the property of the whole world.
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky in his rather short life possessed a truly real talent and creative genius, the scale of which is so obvious and understandable to everyone, tantamount to the gift of Pushkin. It was the death of Vysotsky that symbolized the end of the golden era of Soviet art. However, the memory of him and his work is only growing in our days, as a result of which many begin to ask questions about how the great artist passed away. In order to more objectively reveal this great personality, one should describe Vysotsky's death. last three years life path Vysotsky was subject to the most terrible addiction - drug addiction. In particular, the artist's first contacts with drugs date back to the seventy-sixth year of the twentieth century. The reason he got hooked on the needle is that one doctor advised him to inject morphine in order to get out of alcohol binge as quickly as possible.
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There is a version that Vysotsky was offered drugs by the KGB agents, since the lyrics of his songs, on the one hand, were completely harmless, but on the other hand, they sowed free-thinking among citizens, instilling dislike for the state system that existed at that time. In this aspect death of Vladimir Vysotsky they were extremely beneficial. However, this version cannot be definitively confirmed to date. The great artist treated the use of drugs with great zeal, as they made it possible to relax and completely pacify without any external visual effects, which could not be said about the use of alcoholic beverages. He must also be constantly in a cheerful mood, as this was required by his tight work schedule and high status in the society of the USSR. Until the seventy-seventh year narcotic substances did not play a decisive role in the life of the bard. The situation sharply worsened only by the seventy-eighth year. It is worth noting that in those years, morphine was not considered a particularly serious drug, and its use in increased quantities was considered innocent abuse.
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The clinical death that Vysotsky experienced while in Bukhara occurred as a result of his use of a drug of unknown composition, sold to him on the market instead of morphine. In 1980, his drug addiction becomes acute and painful. He even did a painful blood cleanse while in a clinic located in Paris. As for the events that took place at the time of his death on the night of the twenty-fourth to twenty-fifth of July, there are many blank spots and ambiguities in this issue. According to the official version Vysotsky's death came from a heart attack. However, later, doctors from the Sklifosovsky Institute claimed that the great artist, being under the strongest influence of a certain antidepressant, simply choked on his own tongue, which collapsed in such a position that it did not allow air to enter Airways. The doctor who was at the time of the bard's death in his apartment missed this situation, because after a day of being on duty, he was very tired and fell asleep. Despite the fact that the artist had a sick heart since childhood, he managed to hold out for an impressive amount of time under the destructive influence of drugs, which suggests that he had a truly strong character and iron endurance. Despite his painful departure from life, he managed to die the way a real hero should - with his head held high.
Cause of Vysotsky's death. What really happened?
The death of Vladimir Vysotsky, about which, on the one hand, a lot is known, in certain aspects contains in its essence a lot of mysteries and ambiguities. Information about the departure of the life of the great artist was obtained solely from the words of persons who had a certain acquaintance with him. But such testimonies are likely to be dominated by an unreliable character, since it is simply beneficial for many to sow untruth in the issue under consideration. To date, an attempt can be made to search for all those persons who were in the artist’s apartment at the time of his death, those who told his wife about the misfortune that had happened, but even if all these attempts are successful, Vysotsky's cause of death will remain unknown. It is worth noting that various rumors regarding the death of the great artist in question began to appear before his real death. Some suggested that he committed suicide by opening his veins, others argued that the bard shot himself in the head with a pistol. All sorts of gossip appeared instantly.
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However, Vysotsky very often was in intensive care, suffered a certain number of clinical deaths in his life and ended up in traffic accidents. In particular, when he was visiting actor Alexander Abdulov, he suddenly became very ill. An ambulance was immediately called, but the orderlies very stubbornly refused to transport him to the clinic, as they were afraid that he would die on the way. Most accurate Vysotsky's cause of death has not been installed. The reason for this moment was the complete refusal of the relatives to carry out the procedure for opening the body of the great artist. Many people think that he died from incompatible drug use. Others refer to the fact that on the night of his death, he choked on his own tongue, under the influence of an overdose of substances of a relaxing nature. However, according to the official version, confirmed by a medical report, he died of cardiac insufficiency. It is worth noting that many people knew about the problem of the artist in relation to drugs, about the same as they knew that Vysotsky was prone to alcohol addiction. In order to get off the drug needle, he underwent numerous courses of treatment in clinics of various states, used various folk methods, but still returned to drugs.
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Vysotsky left our world in the middle of the Olympic Games, which were held in Moscow, as a result of which the state services tried to hide this fact from the public as carefully as possible, but they did not succeed. Only in some official printed periodicals a small obituary was posted that the great artist had died of a heart attack. It is worth noting that all sorts of attempts to hide the real prerequisites for the death of the bard by the authorities served to the point that cause of death of Vladimir Vysotsky acquired a mysterious and unconfirmed character. At the time of the funeral procession, the great bard was escorted by about fifty thousand people, and there were many who came to say goodbye to him from other cities, and there were also some citizens who arrived from other countries. This fact suggests that Vysotsky's work was already recognized during his lifetime and now the nationwide love for his genius and large-scale talent is only intensifying, despite the fact that a new young generation has already matured in society, which appreciates his significant contribution with respect and understanding. into art.
The last days of the life of Vladimir Vysotsky
The fate of Vladimir Vysotsky was in his own way as much triumphant as tragic. A great artist and bard, he fully revealed his multifaceted creative genius with his songs and acting images in theater and cinema, as a result of which the public recognized him during his lifetime and until now the fame of his undoubted contribution to national art is only increasing.
However the last days of Vysotsky's life were difficult and painful, due to his addiction to narcotic and relaxing drugs. To reveal the last moments of life of a great man, they should be displayed in the form of a chronicle:
- On June 22, 1980, Vysotsky gives one of his last concerts in Kaliningrad. It is worth noting that it is on him that he becomes really very ill;
- On July 3, there was a performance by Vysotsky in Lyubertsy near Moscow, where he already looked noticeably unhealthy, however, instead of the standard one and a half hour concert, he was able to play two hours on stage;
- On the fourteenth of July, the great bard performed songs from his last repertoire in Moscow;
- On the sixteenth of July, he holds his final concert in the city of Korolev;
- On July 18, Vysotsky plays his famous role of Hamlet for the last time in a theater located in Moscow near the Taganka metro station;
- On the twenty-fifth of July, he dies in his bed, according to the official version, from acute heart failure.
The great artist was buried on the twenty-eighth of July. place, where Vysotsky is buried, is the Vagankovsky cemetery. The cause of his death today cannot be precisely specified, since there was no autopsy of the body, according to the decision of the relatives. In this regard, there are a lot of versions of his death, provided by doctors, as well as close friends of Vysotsky. In most cases, they are implausible.
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Despite the fact that the Olympic Games were held in Moscow, and the state authorities issued a decision to restrict the entry of citizens from other cities into the capital, many managed to get to the farewell ceremony for the great man. It is worth noting that there is a version that after the burial of Vysotsky, his relatives exhumed the remains and took them away, so his grave may be empty.
Today is the anniversary of the death of Vladimir Vysotsky on July 25, 1980. The funeral of Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky took place on July 28, 1980.
"...He did not return from the battle..."...
On June 2, 1980, one of the last concerts of Vysotsky took place (in Kaliningrad), at which he became ill. On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky performed at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow Region, where, according to eyewitnesses, he looked unwell, said that he was not feeling well, but he was cheerful on stage and, instead of one and a half scheduled hours, played a two-hour concert. On July 14, 1980, during a performance at the NIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky performed one of his last songs - "My sadness, my longing ... Variation on gypsy themes." On July 16, he held his last concert in Kaliningrad (now Korolev) near Moscow. On July 18, 1980, V. Vysotsky made his last public appearance, in his most famous role at the Taganka Theater as Hamlet.
On the night of July 25, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky died in his sleep in his Moscow apartment. The immediate cause of death remains controversial, as no autopsy was performed. According to some (in particular, Stanislav Shcherbakov and Leonid Sulpovar), the cause of death was asphyxia, according to others, acute myocardial infarction. Anatoly Fedotov, who different people characterize in different ways - both as Vysotsky's personal doctor, the person who saved him on July 25, 1979 in Bukhara from clinical death (the fact of which, however, is disputed), and - as a doctor who "overslept" Vysotsky on July 25, 1980, testifies: " On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came with me.
They wanted to spend it on artificial respiration to kill dipsomania. There was a plan to bring this device to his dacha. Probably, the guys were in the apartment for about an hour, they decided to pick it up in a day, when a separate box was vacated. I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me. On July 24, I worked ... At eight o'clock in the evening I dropped by on Malaya Gruzinskaya. He was very ill, he rushed around the rooms. He groaned, clutching at his heart. It was then that in my presence he said to Nina Maksimovna: “Mom, I will die today ...” He rushed around the apartment. moaned. This night was very difficult for him. I took a sleeping pill. He kept toiling. Then quieted down. He fell asleep on a small couch, which then stood in a large room. ... Between three and half-past four, cardiac arrest occurred due to a heart attack. Judging by the clinic, there was an acute myocardial infarction.” Vladimir Vysotsky died during the 20th Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. Messages about the death of Vladimir Vysotsky, except for two messages in "Evening Moscow" (on the death and date of the civil memorial service) and an obituary in the newspaper "Soviet Culture" (and after the funeral - an article by Alla Demidova in memory of V. Vysotsky in " Soviet Russia”) was practically not printed in the Soviet mass media. A simple announcement was hung over the box office window: "The actor Vladimir Vysotsky has died." And yet, at the Taganka Theater, where he worked, a huge crowd gathered, which was there for several days (on the day of the funeral, the roofs of the buildings around Taganskaya Square were also filled with people). At the same time, none of those who bought tickets back returned them. On July 28, 1980, a civil memorial service was held in the building of the Taganka Theater, a farewell ceremony and a funeral at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow (site No. 1, to the right of the entrance). Vysotsky was buried, it seemed, by the whole of Moscow.
The funeral of V.S. Vysotsky, 07/28/1980. Video.
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky (January 25, 1938, Moscow - July 25, 1980, Moscow) - Soviet poet, actor and songwriter. Laureate of the State Prize of the USSR (1987, posthumously).
Vladimir Vysotsky played dozens of roles in the theater, including Hamlet (W. Shakespeare's Hamlet), Galileo (B. Brecht's Life of Galileo), Lopakhin ( The Cherry Orchard» A. Chekhov). The most notable works in cinema are his roles in the films “The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed”, “Little Tragedies”, “Intervention”, “Master of the Taiga”, “Vertical”, “Two Comrades Served”, “The Tale of How Tsar Peter the Arap married”, “Short meetings”, “Bad good man”. Actor of the Drama and Comedy Theater on Taganka in Moscow.
Vladimir Vysotsky went down in history as a singer-songwriter of his songs with an acoustic seven-string "Russian" guitar. According to the results of a VTsIOM poll conducted in 2010, Vysotsky took second place in the list of "idols of the 20th century" after Yuri Gagarin. A survey conducted by the FOM in mid-July 2011 showed that, despite the decline in interest in Vysotsky's work, absolute majority(98%) of Russians are familiar with the name "Vladimir Vysotsky", and about 70% answered that they like his songs and consider his work an important phenomenon in the national culture of the 20th century.
Father - Semyon Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Vysotsky (1915-1997) - a native of Kyiv, a military signalman, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, holder of more than 20 orders and medals, honorary citizen of the cities of Kladno and Prague, colonel.
Uncle - Alexei Vladimirovich Vysotsky (1919-1977) - writer, participant in the Great Patriotic War, artilleryman, holder of three orders of the Red Banner, colonel.
Currently, researchers agree that the Vysotsky family comes from the town of Selets, Pruzhany district, Grodno province, now Brest region, Belarus. The surname is probably associated with the name of the city of Vysokoye, Kamenetsky district, Brest region.
Mother - Nina Maksimovna (nee Seregina, 1912-2003). Graduated from the Moscow Institute foreign languages, worked as a translator-referent German language in the foreign department of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, then as a guide at Intourist. In the first years of the war, she served in the transcription bureau at the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. She ended her career as the head of the bureau technical documentation at NIIkhimmash.
"The Ballad of Childhood"
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938, at 9:40 am in Moscow in the maternity hospital No. 8 of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow on the Third Meshchanskaya street (now it is Shchepkina street, house 61/2; the building belongs to the MONIKI named after M. F. Vladimirsky, on the building attached board with the date of birth of the poet). He spent his early childhood in a Moscow communal apartment on 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126 (the house was demolished in 1955, a new one was built in its place in 1956, the address of which since 1957 is Mira Avenue, 76): only one restroom ... "- wrote Vysotsky in 1975 about his early childhood. During the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1943 he lived with his mother in evacuation in the village of Vorontsovka, 25 km from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, Chkalovsky (now Orenburg) region. In 1943 he returned to Moscow, on 1st Meshchanskaya Street, 126. In 1945, Vysotsky went to the first grade of the 273rd school in the Rostokinsky district of Moscow. The building of the former school is located at Prospekt Mira, 68/3.
After the divorce of his parents, in 1947, Vladimir moved to live with his father and his second wife, Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova (nee Martirosova) (1918-1988), whom Vysotsky himself called "mother Zhenya" and later even was baptized in the Armenian Apostolic church to emphasize the special attitude towards it. In 1947 - 1949 they lived in the city of Eberswalde (Germany), at the place of his father's service, where young Volodya learned to play the piano.
In October 1949, he returned to Moscow and went to the 5th grade of the male secondary school No. 186 (at present, there, along Bolshoy Karetny lane, house 10a, the main building of the Russian Law Academy of the Ministry of Justice is located). At that time, the Vysotsky family lived on Bolshoy Karetny Lane, 15, apt. 4. (A memorial plaque was installed on the house, made by the Moscow architect Robert Rubenovich Gasparyan - the first, back in Soviet time, memorial plaque of the national idol). This lane is immortalized in his song "Big Karetny".
Since 1953, Vysotsky attended the drama circle in the Teacher's House, led by the artist of the Moscow Art Theater V. Bogomolov. In 1955 he graduated high school No. 186, and, at the insistence of relatives, entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Engineering and Construction Institute. Kuibyshev, from which he left after the first semester.
From 1955 to 1963 Vysotsky lived with his mother, first on 1st Meshchanskaya 126, and then, in a new house built in 1956 on this site, on Prospekt Mira 76, in apartment 62 on the fourth floor. Vladimir also spent a lot of time at the Bolshoy Karetny in the company of friends. He dedicated epigrams to them. According to the memories of this time, in 1964 he wrote a song with the words “After all, in Karetny Ryad the first house from the corner is For friends, for friends.”
One of the legends about Vladimir Vysotsky tells that the decision to leave the MISI was made on New Year's Eve from 1955 to 1956. Together with Vysotsky's school friend, Igor Kokhanovsky, it was decided to spend New Year's Eve in a very peculiar manner - for the execution of drawings, without which they would not be allowed to the session. Somewhere in the second hour of the night the drawings were ready. But then, allegedly, Vysotsky got up and, taking a jar of ink from the table (according to another version, with the remnants of strong brewed coffee), began to pour his drawing with its contents. "All. I will prepare, I have another six months, I will try to enter the theater. And this is not mine…” Vysotsky's application for expulsion from the institute at his own request was signed on December 23, 1955.
From 1956 to 1960, Vysotsky was a student of the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. He studies with B. I. Vershilov, then with P. V. Massalsky and A. M. Komissarov. 1959 was marked by the first theatrical work (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the educational play "Crime and Punishment") and the first film role (the film "Peers", the episodic role of student Petya). In 1960, Vysotsky was first mentioned in the central press, in an article by L. Sergeev “19 from the Moscow Art Theater” (“Soviet Culture”, 1960, June 28).
While studying in the first year, V. Vysotsky met Iza Zhukova, whom he married in the spring of 1960. In 1960-1964 Vysotsky worked (intermittently) at the Pushkin Moscow Drama Theatre. He played the role of Leshy in the play "The Scarlet Flower" based on the fairy tale by S. T. Aksakov, as well as about 10 more roles, mostly episodic. In 1961, on the set of the film "713th Asks for Landing", he met Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife (the marriage was officially registered in 1965). At the end of 1963, Vysotsky and his mother received an apartment on Shvernik Street, building 11, building 4, apartment 41, where Vladimir and Lyudmila had a second son, Nikita (the house was demolished during the reconstruction of microdistricts from five-story buildings in 1998). When the couple broke up in 1968, the whole country already knew Vysotsky from the songs from the movie "Vertical", in which he starred.
Vysotsky wrote his first poem "My Oath" as a student of the 8th grade on March 8, 1953. It was dedicated to the memory of Stalin. In it, the poet expressed a feeling of grief for the recently deceased leader. In the early 1960s, Vysotsky's first songs appeared. The song "Tattoo", written on July 27, 1961 in Leningrad, is considered by many to be the first. Vysotsky himself repeatedly called her such. This song marked the beginning of a cycle of "thieves" themes. However, there is a song "49 days", dating from 1960, about the feat of four Soviet soldiers who drifted and survived in the Pacific Ocean. The author's attitude to the song was very critical: in the autograph, she was given the subtitle "A guide for beginners and complete hacks", with an explanation at the end that "verses on any topical topics can be written in the same way." “You just need to take surnames and sometimes read newspapers.” But, despite the fact that Vysotsky, as it were, excluded this song from his work (calling "Tattoo" the first), sound recordings of her performances in 1964-1969 are known.
After working for less than two months at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures, Vladimir unsuccessfully tried to enter the Sovremennik Theater. In 1964, Vysotsky created his first songs for films and went to work at the Moscow Taganka Drama and Comedy Theater. Poetic and song creativity, along with work in the theater and cinema, became the main business of his life. V. S. Vysotsky worked at the Taganka Theater until the end of his life. In July 1967, Vladimir Vysotsky met the French actress of Russian origin Marina Vlady (Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova), who became his third wife (December 1970).
In the summer of 1969, Vysotsky had a severe attack, and then he survived only thanks to Marina Vladi, who was in Moscow at that time. Fortunately, the doctors brought Vysotsky to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine on time, a few more minutes of delay - and he would not have survived. Doctors fought for his life for 18 hours. It turned out that the cause of the bleeding was a burst vessel in the throat, but for some time there were rumors in theatrical circles about his other serious illness.
In November 1971, the Taganka Theater hosted the premiere of the play "Hamlet" based on Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name (directed by Yu. P. Lyubimov), in which Vysotsky played the main role.
In 1975, Vysotsky settled in a three-room cooperative apartment with an area of 115 m² on the 8th floor in a newly built 14-storey brick building at 28 Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, apartment 30.
Vysotsky gave more than a thousand concerts in the USSR and abroad.
I have something to sing, having appeared before the Almighty, I have something to justify myself before Him.
Blessed memory of the poet!
It is alleged that Vladimir Vysotsky suffered from alcohol addiction for many years; from serious conditions, when the kidneys failed and there were problems with the heart, the doctors took the actor out with the help of narcotic substances; and if not the doctors themselves thus “hooked” Vysotsky on drugs, then, in any case, they accidentally suggested a way to “treat” alcoholism: in the late 1970s, morphine replaced alcohol, while the doses were constantly increasing.
According to Marina Vlady, attempts at treatment did not give results, and, according to V. Perevozchikov, at the beginning of 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky was already doomed: he was predicted to die soon either from a drug overdose or from “withdrawal” (withdrawal). Exactly one year before his death, in July 1979, Vladimir Vysotsky had already experienced clinical death while on tour in Bukhara. In July 1980, in connection with the Olympic Games in Moscow, the actor, according to the same Perevozchikov, again had problems with the purchase of drugs.
Other sources generally refute Vysotsky's use of alcohol in last years his life. Director Igor Maslennikov recalled in an interview:
And Livanov at that time was "sewn up." We had to do it. Before filming began, we asked Marina Vladi through Vysotsky to send a drug from Paris that was not produced in our country. And Volodya, together with Oleg Dal, caught Livanov all over Moscow in order to “sew up”. -- Why exactly them? - Because they were his friends and "colleagues" in this area, which means they were authorities.
This happened during the filming of Maslennikov in 1980 "The Hounds of the Baskervilles", when, according to the film "Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive,” Vysotsky was a dying alcoholic and drug addict. (Earlier, in 1973, Vysotsky helped Dahl in the same way; Marina Vladi brought Esperal from Paris, and as a result, Oleg Dal stopped drinking. In early 1976, Dahl started drinking again, but called Vysotsky, who demanded that he come and gave Esperal).
- On April 16, 1980, the last shooting of Vysotsky's concert in the Leningrad Bolshoi Theater took place, where he performed the songs "Fussy Horses", "Domes", "Hunting for Wolves" and talked about his work. A fragment of this shooting was included in V. Vinogradov's program "I am returning your portrait." On the reverse side of the double album "Sons Go to Battle" there are photos from this concert.
- On June 2, 1980, one of the last concerts of Vysotsky took place (in Kaliningrad), at which he became ill.
- On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky performed at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow Region, where, according to eyewitnesses, he looked unwell, said that he was not feeling well, but he was cheerful on stage and, instead of one and a half scheduled hours, played a two-hour concert.
- On July 14, 1980, during a performance at MNIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky performed one of his last songs - "My sadness, my longing ... Variation on gypsy themes."
- On July 16, he held his last concert in Kaliningrad (now Korolev) near Moscow.
- On July 18, 1980, Vysotsky made his last appearance in his most famous role at the Taganka Theatre, as Hamlet in Shakespeare's production of the same name.
- On July 25, 1980, Vysotsky died in his sleep in his Moscow apartment. He was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery (plot No. 1).
The immediate cause of death remains controversial, as no autopsy was performed. According to some (in particular, Stanislav Shcherbakov and Leonid Sulpovar), the cause of death was asphyxia, according to others, acute myocardial infarction. So Anatoly Fedotov, whom different people characterize in different ways - both as Vysotsky's personal doctor, the man who saved him on July 25, 1979 in Bukhara from clinical death (the fact of which, however, is disputed), and - as a doctor who "overslept" Vysotsky on July 25, 1980, testifies:
“On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came with me. They wanted to spend it on artificial respiration to kill dipsomania. There was a plan to bring this device to his dacha. Probably, the guys were in the apartment for about an hour, they decided to pick it up in a day, when a separate box was vacated. I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me. July 24 I worked. At eight o'clock in the evening I dropped by Malaya Gruzinskaya. He was very ill, he rushed around the rooms. He groaned, clutching at his heart. It was then that in my presence he said to Nina Maksimovna: “Mom, I will die today ...”
“... He rushed around the apartment. moaned. This night was very difficult for him. I took a sleeping pill. He kept toiling. Then quieted down. He fell asleep on a small couch, which then stood in a large room. ... Between three and half-past four came cardiac arrest on the background of a heart attack. Judging by the clinic, there was an acute myocardial infarction”
According to Marina Vladi and Perevozchikov, the fact that Vladimir Vysotsky was killed by drugs remains indisputable, although no one wrote about death from an overdose.
“I have something to sing, having appeared before the Almighty,
I have something to justify before Him.”
