We are often asked how many helium balloons does it take to raise a flower, a postcard or a toy? What is the lift force of helium? We will try to tell in detail the secrets of our calculations and all the formulas.

We use formulas to quickly and easily calculate the lift force of a ball. Knowing that 1m 3 of helium lifts approximately 1 kg. In other words, one standard ball 10" (in.) or 25-27cm lifts only 3-4 grams. Pearl balloons 12 "metallic lift up to 5 grams. Therefore, in order to lift a toy weighing 200 grams, we need 200/4 = 50 balloons. It seems like everything is simple. But, since helium constantly comes out of ordinary balloons, then over time the balloon with helium it loses part of its lifting force.And therefore, if you are inflated with 50 balloons and your gift flies, then in a few hours it will only fly with a strong kick.And in order for you to have no complaints against us, you need to take 20% more balls.

You should also take into account the factor that indoors the balls can easily rise up, but on the street a gust of wind can simply blow it to the side. In order to lift a gift on a long rope, there must be a good supply of lifting force. And by the way, the higher you raise a cloud of balloons with a gift, the more the weight of the rope is added. Therefore, lifting a gift to a height is best done on a strong but thin fishing line.

If you wish, you can cut the tail at the ball that comes after the knot. This technique will reduce the total weight of the ball, or give it the opportunity to fly for about an hour.

When you buy a gift, it is better to weigh it immediately. There are always shops with scales nearby. This must be done at least in order to estimate how much you will spend on the balls. From our practice, there were cases when they brought a bouquet of flowers to raise to their beloved wife under the window. On the face of it, it was fairly light. But even 100 balls could not lift it. We cut almost all the leaves and shortened the legs. Only after this bouquet confidently held in the air.

If the budget allows you not to think about the number of balls, but only about the quality and result of the process, then you can go the easy way. In our shop we inflate 20 balloons and attach a gift to them - everyone can see that the design does not fly. Then we inflate another 20 balloons, and a gift (for example) with balloons flew up. But that's how the client sees it. And in my head I think that it would be possible to take and 30 balls. And here comes the most tolerant moment. We then see that the gift does not fly. Of course, he climbed up, but he has no reserve of lifting power. And if everything is left as it is, then our client will not have a holiday. Therefore, you have to carefully convince that you need to inflate another 10-15 balloons. Or gutting out of a bear (toy) all the extra rubbish that was sewn up inside. And at home you can quietly return it back.

It is cheaper to lift weights over one kilogram with large balloons, since the weight of one large balloon is less than the weight of a large number of small helium balloons with the same volume of helium. The lifting force of a large helium balloon is calculated using the formula. Conventionally, the volume of helium in the balloon is 4/3 pr3, and then we use the knowledge that there is approximately 1 kg of weight in 1 m3 of helium. For example, take a ball 1 m in diameter. Using the formula or someone who knows how to count using formulas, we get the volume of the ball (4/3) * 3.14 * 0.53 \u003d 0.522 m3. We will assume that a meter ball lifts 0.5 kg. From this weight it is necessary to subtract the weight of the ball itself and the weight of the ribbon or fishing line for which it is hooked, this will be the calculated weight. On the street, lift is influenced by some coefficients in the form of weather conditions - snow, rain, wind, sun or low (high) temperature. For example, standard balloons, with little precipitation, may not fly at all, because. the weight of raindrops adhering to them increases the total weight of the ball.

Any idea is possible! If you had the opportunity, and we have the desire ... or vice versa)

There are hot air ballooning enthusiasts all over the world and they can offer hot air balloon trips, both for money and for volunteering to help their ground crew. If you have already tasted the delights of such flights and now want to pull the lines and light the burner yourself while traveling solo, then first you need to take a course of training and certification. Knowing how a hot air balloon works will give you an edge and help you decide if this hobby is right for you.

Steps

Part 1

Basics

We understand why the ball flies. The principle of operation of balloons is very simple. As you heat air or any other gas, it becomes less dense. Just like an air bubble rising in an aquarium, hot air will rise above the denser, colder air that surrounds it. It is worth heating the air in the balloon to the desired temperature, and he himself will be able to lift up both the dome and the basket along with all its contents.

We study the design of the ball. Its device is so simple that you can already easily navigate it, learning the necessary terminology will help you and your team communicate with each other:

We wear protective clothing. The pilot must wear goggles as he will be near the flames. Also, the pilot and crew must wear heavy duty gloves, long sleeves, and long pants made from fabric that is free of nylon, polyester, and other flammable materials.

• Everyone in the shopping cart should keep in mind that balloon can land in mud or difficult terrain, and therefore the clothes and shoes worn should be as comfortable as possible.

1. In order to rise higher, you need to release more propane. To increase the supply of propane to the fire, you need to open the explosion valve on the hose attached to the gas cylinder, which is usually located directly under the burner. The more you open the valve, the more hot air will rush into the balloon and the faster it will rise. .

   • Dropping the ballast or any heavy object placed on the sides of the balloon will reduce its overall density and cause it to rise as well. For obvious reasons, this technique is not recommended when flying over populated areas.

2. Learning how to stay at a stable height. Like any object that is warmer than its surroundings, the balloon cools down over a long period of time, which causes it to gradually descend. To stay at the same height, you must use one of the tricks:

   To lower, open the parachute valve. Remember that the parachute flap is the flap at the top of the envelope. In the normal state, it is hermetically sealed and, in order to open it, you need to pull the red sling, which is called the rupture sling. This allows hot air to escape through the top. Keep the line taut until the ball drops to the correct mark. Then, release it and the flap will close again.

   We control the direction of decline or rise. It is impossible to directly influence the direction of balloon movement. There are several air currents that are layered one on top of the other. Raise or lower the ball, catching different cross-flows of air, and it will change direction. Pilots are often forced to change the route of their movement, adjusting to the desired air flow.

   Check the strength of the wind. Knowing when to cancel a flight is a very important factor in pilot training. Flight at strong wind extremely dangerous and prohibited. Beginners must follow simple rule: fly either in the first hours after sunrise, or a few hours before sunset, when the wind direction is more predictable and its speed is low.

   Check for life support items. The basket should contain at least: a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit, topographic map, an aviation chart, an altimeter (a device for measuring altitude) and a flight log in which the pilot records all the details of the flight. Check the propane tank sensor. You need to be sure that they have enough fuel to fly - usually about 30 gallons (114 liters) per hour. For long flights, you will also need a radio and possibly electronic navigation equipment.

   Fill the balloon to take off. Almost all balloons require the help of several people to get off the ground. First, the burner must be secured to the frame of the basket and positioned to the side of the envelope that is lying on the ground. Raise and straighten the mouth of the envelope, and for ten minutes use a powerful pump to pump in air, which is then heated by a burner. Usually, while the balloon is preparing to fly, the basket on the ground is held by people or tied to a car. When the passengers and the pilot are seated in the basket, the pilot releases a powerful jet of flame from the burner and the ball lifts off the ground.

   During the start, you need to be extremely careful. The pilot must be very focused and watch how the envelope is inflated, and the ground crew controls all the lines. Constantly look around in all directions to spot trees or other objects that the ball may stumble upon during takeoff. As soon as you feel the first gust of wind during the ascent, immediately fix your eyes on the obstacle that is located along the take-off course and do not break away from it until the balloon has overcome the obstacle. This helps to quickly fix the deviation from the course and immediately respond to it, accelerating the takeoff.

   Study all the weather phenomena in the flight area. To be certified as a balloon pilot, they must pass a meteorology test to understand how temperature, altitude, and humidity interact and influence each other, and what they can tell you about the state of the air. different kinds clouds. Of course, listing everything in this instruction will not work, but a couple of examples can be given:

   • Significant changes in wind direction as you ascend or descend are called gusts and require special attention as they can speed up or slow you down. If a strong gust of wind extinguishes the flame of your burner, light it again and, in order to avoid falling, heat the ball as quickly as possible.
   • If the balloon reacts slowly to your actions, or you notice that the air is being wasted instead of rushing you up, then you are in an "inversion" - a state in which the higher you rise, the warmer the air around you becomes . You can compensate for the inversion by increasing the amount of heated air or vice versa, by decreasing it, depending on the direction of movement.

3. Check the direction and speed of the wind, learn to read the weather map, use this data to get an overall picture of the speed and direction of the air currents. To find out local conditions, spit or spray some shaving cream on the edge of the basket.

A party is always great. Decorate your holiday with bright balloons that will fly. Don't worry if you don't have the money or time for helium. At home, you can easily inflate balloons with baking soda and vinegar.

For children, this will be a visual aid the simplest chemical experiment. And it doesn't take much physical effort.

By the way, scientists say that inflating air products is good for the lungs and heart, it wastes calories, which means that it also helps to lose weight.

But if we are talking not about one copy, but about ten, twenty or more balls - you must admit, pleasant entertainment will become flour ...

Read also:

Baking Soda and Vinegar

Everything is simple. At the core of magic an ordinary chemical reaction when an acid and sodium bicarbonate are combined. This releases carbon dioxide, which instead of helium helps the balloon to fly. Everything happens instantly, the result will please you in a few seconds.

We conduct an experiment

We will need:

• vinegar
• balloon
• funnel
• plastic bottle (0.5)

It is important to observe the correct proportions - the final result depends on this.

Work with gloves! Do not allow young children to prepare the mixture on their own - only under the supervision of adults!

1. IN plastic bottle you need to pour 100 ml of vinegar. We insert a funnel into the neck, pour 1 tablespoon of soda into it.
2. The reaction has just begun. At this time, we put a rubber product on the neck of the bottle. Under the influence of carbon dioxide and the release of heat, our balloon begins to swell.
3. Don't miss the moment when to remove it from the bottle and tie with thread. Try to run up - it is able to fly under the ceiling!

Here's how to inflate a balloon with slaked soda. The method is not expensive, exciting and simple. These are pluses.

However, bite and soda particles may remain inside the product (so choose a darker color or paint it with felt-tip pens). Well, you need to work with vinegar only under the supervision of adults.

These are, if you list, cons.

MOU "Pechnikovskaya average

comprehensive school"

Kargopolsky district

Druzhinin Matvey Sergeevich

Scientific supervisor - teacher

MOU "Pechnikovskaya average

comprehensive school"

Kargopolsky district

Kargopol

I. Introduction._______________________________________ 3

Purpose of the work ____________________________________________ 3

Objectives of the work ______________________________________ 3

Formulation of the problem. Literature review. ______________ 3

II. Main part. Experiment. ___________________ 5

Making a balloon filled with hot air.____ 5

Making a balloon filled with hydrogen. __________ 7

III.Conclusions. _______________________________________ 8

References _________________________________ 9

I.Introduction

Goal of the work

Learn to build balloons. Find out what kind of load a balloon filled with hot air and a balloon filled with hydrogen can lift.

Work tasks:

· Build a balloon like a Chinese lantern.

· By changing the volume of the ball, determine the time of its flight and the mass of the load it lifts.

Fill the balloon with hydrogen and determine the mass of the load it lifts.

· Compare the load capacity of a hot air balloon and a hydrogen balloon.

Find out how big a balloon can lift a person into the air.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/568/images/image002_50.gif" align="left" width="231" height="156 src=">It is known that air balls fill warm air or the lightest gas - hydrogen which is 15 times lighter than air. But, as you know, hydrogen is very flammable. Because of this, for example, the German airship "Hindenburg" (lit. 4) caught fire and died in the forties of the last century.

And they inflate balloons helium which is slightly heavier than hydrogen, but it is completely safe because it does not burn (lit. 5).

https://pandia.ru/text/78/568/images/image004_18.jpg" align="left" width="276" height="193 src=">June 5" href="/text/category/5_iyunya /" rel="bookmark">June 5, 1783, another demonstration took place. A ball weighing 227 kilograms with a canvas shell and a rope net was able to rise to a height of two kilometers. All of France learned about this event, and balloons began to be called hot air balloons. On November 21, 1783, people first rose in a balloon: the scientist Pilar de Rozier and the Marquis d'Arlande,

A great contribution to the development of aeronautics in balloons was made by the Parisian professor of physics Jacques-Alexandre Charles. As a shell, he used a light silk fabric impregnated with rubber, and the ball itself was filled with hydrogen which made it possible to reduce three times. Charles also developed ways to control a balloon, guessed the need to take ballast with him to increase the flight range and an anchor for landing. From that time to the present day, the shape of the balloon has remained virtually unchanged (lit. 3).

After the invention of balloons, they learned to build airships.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/568/images/image007_14.jpg" align="left" width="145" height="346 src=">left" style="border-collapse:collapse;border :none;margin-left:6.75pt;margin-right: 6.75pt">

Ball mass (gr.)

Weight of cargo (gr.)

Flight time

1 bag ball

3 min13 sec

2 pack ball

5 min 10 sec

It can be seen from the table that if the volume of the sphere is increased by 2 times, then the mass of the load he lifts will increase only in 1,5 times. Probably because the air in the second ball is already cooling. And if you add fire, then the lower shell of the ball begins to melt.

The data of the table are presented in the form of a figure.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/568/images/image010_14.jpg" alt="F:\ball\IMG_2360.JPG" align="left" width="149" height="152 src=">!} Then we decided to fill with hydrogen balloon. It took 25 grams to inflate a balloon with hydrogen. zinc. We poured zinc into the flask and filled it with sulfuric acid. A ball was attached to the end. The balloon began to slowly inflate. He puffed up for almost 2 hours. And when he pouted, we tied him to a string. The circumference of the ball was 78 cm, which means that its volume was 8 liters. and the shell weighed 7.6 grams. and he lifted a weight of 1.1 grams. We could inflate the balloon up to 17 liters. and he would lift a weight of 13 grams.

Then we released the ball. He flew very high, and he was not visible at all.

Conclusion

Unlike a balloon filled with warm air, a balloon filled with hydrogen can fly for a very long time and high until it puffs out or bursts. Every 1,3 l. hydrogen, which is filled with a balloon can lift 1 payload.

III.Conclusions.

· I actually managed to make balloons filled with both hot air and hydrogen.

· The disadvantage of a balloon filled with hot air is that it lifts 5 times less weight than a balloon filled with hydrogen. In addition, it is dangerous in terms of fire, and it must be launched when there is snow on the ground, or after rain. But it can be run many times and does not require hydrogen.

· In practice, hot air balloons can be used as Chinese lanterns, or you can lift a mobile phone by a string on fifteen balloons and film your village from a bird's eye view on a video camera.

· And as the results of the work showed, the balloon cannot lift Winnie the Pooh into the air. This requires a very large ball. And what would lift a person weighing 70 kg into the air. It is necessary to inflate with hydrogen more than five thousand children's balloons!

Bibliography.

1. http://ru. wikipedia. org/wiki/%C2%EE%E7%E4%F3%F8%ED%FB%E9_%F8%E0%F0%E8%EA Article Balloon

2. http://dic. *****/dic. nsf/brokgauz_efron/23370/Aerial Article Balloon.

3. http://www. ballooning. lt/ru/vozdusnye_sary/istorija_vozdusnyh_sarov/ Article History of balloons

4. http://dic. *****/dic. nsf/enc_tech/380/airship

5. Great Children's Illustrated Encyclopedia. - Per. from French – M.: Egmont Russia Ltd, 2005

6. Handbook of physics: Per. with him. 2nd ed. – M.: Mir, 1985

Qigong exercises for beginners Valery Nikolaevich Khorev

Form 7 "Raise the ball"

"Raise the ball"

There are options: "Keep the ball in front of you at shoulder level" (although there is no static at all) or "Raise the ball with one hand", as well as an obvious riddle - "Pull the ball in front of the shoulders."

Execution

A smooth transition from the "Boat ..." is important here.

When the next “stroke” is in full swing and the hands are at the bottom near the legs (exhalation is over), you do not need to start them behind your back, joining the next cycle, but you should gently straighten up, directly proceeding to “raising the ball”. One of the arms (any) on inspiration rises obliquely from the hip forward and upward, but not by itself, but as if obeying the pushing force of the leg of the same name. This force is generated by the forefoot, that is, the balls of the toes, as if you want to lightly press them into the ground. At the same time, attention can be concentrated on the foot at the yongquan point. The heel will rise slightly - literally a couple of centimeters - and the force will flow along the leg through the body into the hand.

The hand is formed as if you are holding a heavy ball with a diameter of about 30 cm. The trajectory is directed diagonally, as if to an opposite shoulder, where its upper point is located. Having reached the top, the hand is pulled to the center of the chest, at the same time turning with the palm down, and with an exhalation descends along the abdomen, as if you are loading into the dan tian what lies in the palm of your hand. At the same time, the heel again falls to the floor, and the whole body seems to “flow” down, like a melted snowman. Without stopping in the central transitional phase, we repeat the shape with the other hand.

Energy

The principle underlying this form originates in the martial aspects of tai chi ch'uan, where we learn to manifest in the hands and fingers the force born from the feet, directing it with the waist. However, for this it is not enough to have a trained body, much more important is a flexible, mobile mind, involving in a consistent contraction the corresponding muscle groups that lie on the path from the feet to the hands. Only under this condition will the force manifest itself easily and freely, and the energy will flow smoothly and quickly.

Once again, creating force in the foot resting on the ground, directing it with a slight turn of the lower back to the shoulder and arm, we practice the basic principle of the action of force in tai chi chuan. Persistent practice will sooner or later lead to a distinct sensation of Qi flow in the hand and foot channels.

Versions

The “physics” lovers can take their usual ma-boo (“rider”) stance and raise the arm along a more gentle trajectory so that it extends further sideways beyond the line of the shoulder. From this, the form takes on a somewhat stretched appearance and requires the connection of additional muscle groups.

Note

On initial stage It is more logical to return the used hand without hesitation, but at the stage of the appearance of sensations of the energy “ball” in the palm of your hand, it is highly desirable to consciously immerse it in the middle dan tian and lead it to the lower one with the described movement.

Possible mistakes

Too tense fingers of the hand supporting the "ball" - it should just "lie" in the palm of your hand in a state of balance.

Form 7. "Raise the ball"

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