Honey herbs for bees. The most honey plants. honey plants

And nectar. In this article, we will provide a list of the best honey plants, supplementing its photo with names.

Trees and shrubs

Trees and bushes that are good honey plants include the following:

• . This is a very popular honey plant, which is distributed everywhere. Its flowering period begins in July. quite large, can reach 1 ton from 1 hectare of plantings.
• . The tree belongs to the garden. Excellent honey plant and pollen. Flowering usually occurs in May. It is characterized by relatively low productivity, within 10 kg per 1 ha of pure plantations.
  
• . It is considered one of the most common honey plants. The predominant number of species grows as shrubs (eared willow, ashen, three-stamen), some - as trees (brittle willow, white). loves wet areas, grows well near water bodies. This plant belongs to the spring early flowering. Productivity can vary between 10-150 kg/ha.
  
• . This garden tree, which grows in almost every garden. The beginning of flowering falls on the first half of May. The productivity of the honey collection can be about 30 kg per 1 ha.
  
• . It grows as a small tree or as a shrub. The flowering period starts from the beginning of summer and lasts until its end. High-quality honey can be collected within 20 kg per 1 ha.
  
• . This is a wild plant. Usually grows as a shrub, in rare cases - as a small tree. It is very widespread, since it does not have special requirements for climate conditions. The first color can be seen in early June. The productivity of this honey plant is 20 kg/ha.
  
• . It is a very valuable and healing honey plant. It grows remarkably in forests, especially in log cabins and clearings. Blooms in June. You can collect up to 100 kg of delicious from 1 ha.
  
• . As the name implies, this grows on household plots. Has the appearance of a shrub. The flowering period closes almost the entire June. It is a very good honey collector, since 200 kg of a sweet product can be collected from 1 ha.
  
• . It is not easy to call it a honey plant, since this plant produces quite a bit of nectar. It begins to bloom in early spring, when the snow has not yet completely melted. Excellent pollen. It is thanks to the spring that they actively replenish their stocks.
  
• . This low tree grows both in the forest and in parks. Often grows in home gardens. Blooms in late spring. You can collect a sweet product up to 40 kg per hectare.
  
• It is an orchard tree that can pay more than 40 kg per hectare. The production period begins in May and lasts about 10 days.
  
• . This bush can be found on almost all summer cottages. It blooms for a short time, usually in May. Productivity - 50 kg per 1 ha.
  
• . honey plant small size. Grows in mixed and. Begins to bloom at the end of May. If plantings have high density, then from 1 hectare you can collect up to 80 kg of honey.
  
• . This is a common garden honey plant. The production period begins in May and lasts until the end of June. It is possible to collect relatively little honey from 1 ha of pure plantations - about 20 kg.
  
• . This small shrub grows on poor and wild soils. He loves sunny and open areas. The flowering period falls on the second half of summer. Nectar can produce a lot. Bribes can reach 170-200 kg per 1 ha.
  
• . Depending on the species, it can grow as a small tree or a bush. Under favorable conditions, the flowering period begins at the end of May. The plant produces a lot of nectar and pollen. Productivity is about 200 kg/ha.
  

Herbs and flowers

In addition to trees, there are also many herbs and flowers that are also excellent honey plants. The most common honey plants are:

• . This plant grows everywhere. It is often confused with common dandelion. Flowers from July to early September. Productivity is usually in the range of 80 kg/ha.
  
• . This flower belongs to the early honey plants. Productivity is relatively low, usually kept within 30 kg/ha. However, the coltsfoot is very valuable because it has a number of medicinal properties, and also releases pollen in addition to nectar.
  
• . It can rightly be attributed to the most common plants on the planet. It starts blooming in early June. It is characterized by a small honey flow, but rather long. The average productivity is 50 kg per 1 ha.
  
• . She loves wet soils. Flowering period from June to September. Bribes can reach up to 120 kilograms per hectare.
  
• . It likes to grow near water bodies or on moist soils. Blooms actively from June to September. In the presence of favorable conditions, bribes can be very large - up to 1.3 tons per hectare.
  
• . Such honey plants grow very well in shady places, they love moist soil. The process of active flowering falls on June-September. The bribe is as large as that of y - up to 1.3 t/ha.
  
• . It is a field plant, perennial. The bribe is within 110 kg per hectare. Cornflowers bloom from June to September.
  
• This is a plant from the family. Loves moist soil. Blooms in May-June. Productivity can reach up to 100 kg per hectare.
  
• . This plant belongs to the early honey plants, as it blooms in April-May. They grow exclusively in deciduous and spruce forests. Productivity can vary between 30-80 kg per hectare.
  
• This plant is very common in forests. Blooms in early spring. It produces little nectar, but it can produce pollen abundantly.
  

Did you know? A sandwich with honey, consumed in the morning after the holiday, can help relieve discomfort due to a hangover, as it removes alcohol from the body.

Specially sown honey plants

Experienced beekeepers, in order to get a good harvest of a sweet product, practice sowing honey plants on their own. So you can choose those plants that will grow well in the selected area. And in this way, you can significantly increase the amount of collected honey.

The best honey plants for bees and popular ones for self-growing are:

• Yellow and white clover. This plant blooms in May and continues to bloom until the end of summer. If landings are provided proper care, then the bush can grow up to 2 m in height. The shade of flowers depends directly on the type of plant. Sweet clover will suit almost any type. It calmly tolerates heat, grows well from seeds. Honey from this plant is considered the most valuable, so it is not in vain that many beekeepers actively grow it.
  In order to grow yellow or white clover on your own, you should definitely carry out seeds, this will help the sprouts to break through faster. Landing is recommended in early spring or before they come. It is important to guess the time of sowing so that the sprouts have time to break through before the onset of cold weather. The productivity of the honey plant can reach 270 kg of honey per hectare.
  
• . For bees, you can grow both pink and white clover. Flowers at first glance may seem inconspicuous, but they are very much loved. The plant grows remarkably in a site where they walk a lot. He is not afraid of rain or fluctuations in air temperature. The only thing that will be very harmful to the clover is the shade. It is important to provide him with good access to sunlight. Clover honey has White color, strong flavor, and is also very rich in nutrients. From one hectare of land sown with clover, you can collect up to 100 kg of honey. Sowing of this plant should be carried out in August. To grow pink clover per one hundred square meters of land, you will need 5 kg of seeds, for white - 3 kg of planting material. Seeds can not be planted deeper than 1 cm into the ground after planting, you need to water abundantly. The first sprouts usually appear in just two weeks. The flowering period will take all summer, so it is very profitable for a beekeeper to grow clover.
  
• . This plant is native to Asia. It begins to bloom in July and continues until the end of autumn. Flowers pink or purple. To grow it on the site, you can use seeds or simply divide the bush. Seeds cannot be buried too deep, the maximum depth should be about 0.5 cm, otherwise they simply will not germinate. Landing should be carried out in an easy

Gout is a herb that can be recognized by its unusual colors similar to umbrellas. And as a species, it belongs to the Umbrella family. Grass is found in Everyday life very common and is an excellent honey plant!

Honey productivity

Sleep is perennial. It is used not only as a honey plant, but also as medicine, food, and even added to salads. Grass grows horizontally, its stem is even, straight, and branches upwards. At the top is an inflorescence that looks like an umbrella. Snyt is very honey-producing. Honey from it turns out light, greenish, very tasty and of high quality.

The honey productivity of grass per hectare is 160 kg. For the Western regions of Siberia, this plant is especially important, because its ability as a honey plant is very impressive. From 1 hectare of this grass, you can get up to 200 kg of honey. According to its characteristics, it is often put on a par with Ivan-tea. And if it grows good conditions, then as a result brings a lot of pollen and sweet nectar.

Terms and duration of flowering

Snyt blooms all summer period from June to August. The bees visit the grass especially well when the sun is already warming well, around 12 o'clock in the afternoon. But it can bloom only in bright areas, as in the shade the plant only grows densely.

Spreading

You can meet grass in forests and fields. It can grow in bushes, as a weed around parks, gardens, on roadsides. The grass covered a large area. It is especially common in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and Russia. You can also find it in all corners of Europe and in the northern part of Asia.

Increasingly, the owners of suburban areas and cottages devote their free time to breeding their own apiaries. The reason for the surge in the development of beekeeping is a wide range of valuable qualities of products produced by bees, as well as an increased interest in the production of environmentally friendly honey.

Honey grasses for bees are the main place for collecting nectar. On the areas sown with them, insects collect record harvests.

Has a very useful properties And this applies not only to honey. For the treatment of various diseases used:

• propolis;
• wax;
• royal jelly;
• pollen and other bee products.

The name of honey is closely related to the plant on which hardworking insects collect nectar (buckwheat, acacia, mint and others). If the bees collected it from several honey plants, the resulting product is called flower or mixed.

Arrangement of suburban areas: sowing flowering plants near apiaries, their characteristics

Some plant species are of particular interest to beekeepers. They are most productive at the time of flowering, and pollen is endowed with the most valuable properties that affect the quality of the finished product. When choosing honey herbs for bees, you need to consider important factors:

• the time of the beginning of flowering;
• flowering period;
• valuable qualities of the plant;
• the amount of honey harvested from one hectare of crops;
• features of growing crops or not).

Land near apiaries can be sown with honey crops, which at the time of flowering have the most valuable qualities. The list of the most popular herbs includes:

• buckwheat;
• yarrow;
• peppermint;
• oregano ordinary;
• clover;
• Melissa;
• sunflower and many others.

Let us consider in more detail the features of some plant crops.

Buckwheat

Buckwheat is included in the list of the most valuable which are used by beekeepers to collect the highest quality honey. The flowering period begins one month after sowing. Its duration is 28-35 days. The culture has taken root in almost all regions of the country, including those located in cold climatic zones. Buckwheat is the most valuable plant for beekeepers.

Honey herbs are especially attractive for bees, because they have a powerful smell that spreads far beyond the crops, thereby serving as a kind of guide. Depending on weather conditions, nectar collection may be disrupted. Under normal circumstances, yields range from 60 to 100 kg of premium honey per hectare.

The height of buckwheat varies from 15 cm to half a meter (depending on the variety). The plant is not capricious to weather conditions, therefore it takes root well in various climatic zones. Buckwheat flowers have white-pink, medium-sized inflorescences that exude a pleasant smell. The aroma attracts bees, forcing them to rush to these green fields.

At the moment when flowering begins, many beekeepers prepare mobile apiaries for the removal of hives to places where there are crops. After the bee houses are installed, it is necessary to observe the behavior of insects. This will take several days. Despite the fact that buckwheat is an excellent honey plant, there are times when bees ignore its flowering crops, and this can be costly for beekeepers. In such situations, you need to collect and transport the hives to other areas as soon as possible.

Clover

The plant belongs to perennial herbs, has several varieties: red, pink and white. All three species are considered first-class honey plants and are used as animal feed. Clover has complex inflorescences, it attracts bees with its smell. The plant tolerates drought and heat well. Under good weather conditions, the yield of honey collection at the time of flowering is more than 100 kg per hectare.

(photo above) is more demanding on the soils and conditions in which it grows. It does not tolerate rainy weather, high humidity and shaded areas. White is not so capricious, he feels fine in cold, frosty periods. Meadow adapts well to almost any soil, but does not like wet and shady places. Like the red clover species, it is found in the wild almost throughout the country.

Clover, along with other herbs, is sown to increase the amount of honey during collections from the plots, after which it is used as animal feed. The inflorescence has the shape of a head, which has from 30 to 100 flowers. The branching of the plant improves in the second year. At the time of flowering, the head turns to the ground. Clover, the photo of which is presented above, is one of the most used honey plants.

Lungwort

Belongs to perennial plants of the borage family. Lungwort is one of the herbs that bloom during the first months of spring. This early honey plant grows in Eurasia, is found in Yakutia and Siberia.

When the lungwort blooms, the corolla and its petals first have a red tint, but in the end the inflorescence acquires a blue color. This honey plant is one of the first processed by bees after hibernation. The plant is of great value in medicine. Honey obtained from the collection of nectar is extremely useful in its characteristics.

The plant has only 15 species, most of which grow in Europe. Due to the unusually attractive appearance and useful qualities, which the lungwort possesses, it is sown with pleasure in personal plots and flower beds. Regardless of the subspecies of the plant, the average honey yield is about 100 kg of product per hectare.

Fireweed narrow-leaved

The narrow-leaved fireweed plant is popularly known as Ivan-tea. Very often it can be found on wastelands and forest fires. This is a perennial plant of the cypress family. The stem is abundantly covered with lanceolate leaves and ends in inflorescences of a lilac or purple hue. The beginning of flowering and honey collection falls on mid-June and lasts almost until the end of July. Ivan tea is considered extremely beneficial for human body, since it has healing properties. Honey collected from the flowers of the fireweed is unusually fragrant and tasty, but its medicinal properties are still considered its main advantage.

The plant can be found almost throughout the country. Ivan tea is popular among the people and is used in folk medicine. Honey herbs for bees such as fireweed do not need special sowing. The plant has taken root well in all regions of the country, and it can be found almost everywhere: it has chosen meadows, fields, forest edges, roadside areas.

Oregano

The period when the common oregano blooms lasts from July to mid-September. The plant has a lot of other names: forest mint, motherboard, origan, bone-breaking grass. It has an unsurpassed aroma and is an excellent honey plant. Oregano can be found throughout Russia, as well as in the Crimea, Ukraine and Moldova. The plant loves a lot of light, so it is most often found in meadows, near forests and in vast glades. Inflorescences are located at the very top of the stem. Color, color and smell resemble another plant - thyme, with the only difference being that oregano is upright, it is easy to notice among other herbs.

Honey from this plant is added to tinctures, beer, kvass and other products, as this herb is extremely useful. The honey collection time falls on the first days of September, when the inflorescence is gaining strength. The plant is used for pharmaceutical purposes and in traditional medicine.

goldenrod

Grass goldenrod is a representative of meadow honey plants, which belong to perennial composite plants. Inflorescences solitary, not branched, collected in panicles baskets. The flower is yellow, has a complex shape.

Goldenrod blooms almost all summer and even in mid-September, the grass is easily detected by its peculiar inflorescences. This is a good honey plant with a high percentage of sugar content, which is a major factor in the collection. Goldenrod sprouts throughout the country, except for the regions bordering Central Asia. This representative of Compositae tolerates hot weather well, without stopping the flowering process.

Heather

Heather grass is a highly branched perennial plant that looks more like a shrub. The height of the stems is from 30 cm, but sometimes it can reach a meter mark. The bush is densely covered with short, soft, wedge-shaped leaves. At the top of the heather there are bell-shaped inflorescences of both sexes. The flowering time of the honey plant captures most of the summer and the beginning of autumn. This factor allows you to control the time of honey collection using mobile apiaries.

Heather belongs to medicinal herbs, has healing properties. This quality is taken into account when selling collected honey, increasing the price of products. The season for collecting nectar begins in mid-June. The product differs in color and taste. As a rule, heather shade, with a pleasant smell and a slightly tart and bitter taste. A feature of pumping is a strong ductility, which complicates the process of distillation. Heather honey does not crystallize well.

Yarrow - autumn honey grass

Yarrow belongs to the category of ordinary honey plants, which can be found almost everywhere: in the steppe, forest, meadows, near roads, landfills. The stem has a single erect structure from 20 cm to a meter high. Honey harvest begins in mid-summer and ends at the end of September. Having small, in the form of baskets inflorescences, yarrow is especially well perceived by all breeds of bees. The special value of the honey plant is late flowering. When the collection of nectar from other herbs ends, and the bees have less and less land, this plant blooms. Beekeepers refer to the autumn melliferous herbs as yarrow.

Peppermint

This type of plant belongs to the late summer honey plants. Peppermint - perennial From its leaves get useful essential oils. The height of the plant can reach 90 cm. The mint has a purple color, which are collected in a kind of spikelets-clusters. The plant exudes a pleasant smell that attracts bees. Flowering begins in July and can last until August. Peppermint produces fragrant and very tasty amber-colored honey.

sweet clover

The bushy plant reaches one and a half meters in height. It is located in ravines, at the edge of roads, in meadows. Thickets of sweet clover have a spicy suffocating smell. The plant is included in the list of the most melliferous herbs with a high percentage of the collection of a valuable product. Sweet clover has the ability to produce nectar in all weather conditions. The plant differs in color: the variety with white inflorescences is most often found, but you can find grass with yellow flowers.

Sweet clover honey is most often white in color. The aroma is reminiscent of vanilla. The collected products do not crystallize for a long time, retaining the smell of flowers.

It makes no sense to sow free plots of land with sweet clover. This plant is considered one of the most sworn enemies of vegetable growers and gardeners, as, in fact, it is a weed grass. At the same time, sweet clover has the most important microelements necessary to strengthen honeycombs and build up the strength of the bee colony.

Mordovnik

The amount of nectar during the flowering period of the mordovnik covers all the previously listed figures. 1000 kg (sometimes this indicator grows up to one and a half tons) is harvested from 1 hectare, a product of the most valuable quality in terms of its quality. The plant is known by many names, but most often it is called tatarnik or shootout.

It can be seen anywhere. Two-meter thickets with blue inflorescences grow in all kinds of places: wastelands, garbage dumps, ravine slopes, forest edges, steppes. A sugar concentration of more than 60% is the main factor that attracts insects. In an hour, one plant can "serve" up to 180 furry workers.

The ball-headed muzzle is the only representative of its species that has high performance. Before buying seeds, it is important not to confuse it with other types of the subgroup: Russian and high Mordovnik.

Common bruise

Despite the humble appearance, the plant is among the ten strongest honey herbs. Like the linden, the bruise produces a large amount of nectar during the flowering season. High productivity during harvesting is a major factor. Many beekeepers sow land with this plant, as the taste and characteristics of honey are excellent.

At the time of collection of nectar from 1 hectare of crops, at least 800 kg of first-class products are collected. Since the bruise is a perennial grass, it is beneficial for them to sow areas near suburban and suburban areas. Most often, the plant is found in open areas. The extraordinary beauty of the carpets can only be compared with the blueness of the sky.

The listed plants are only part of the list of honey plants, to which you can add a very large number of shrubs, trees and herbs. During the flowering period, they are of interest to beekeepers. The list of trees can include acacia, linden, apple tree and other fruit representatives. Shrubs can be safely attributed to hawthorn, elderberry, amorphous and wild rosemary.

Under inconvenient lands (inconvenient) are meant the lands of ravines, steep slopes, riverine terraces, etc.

As a rule, honey plants on these lands do not give high honey yields (as from linden, acacia), but these not very productive honey plants have an undoubted advantage - they ensure the continuity of the honey conveyor. Simply put, these honey plants give a small bribe, but over a long period of time. This happens because in the meadows some herbs fade, while others begin to bloom.

In the middle latitudes highest value for beekeeping have such honey plants of meadow herbs: sage, meadow cornflower, thistle (sow thistle), bruise.

- a malicious weed of cereal fields and vegetable gardens (Fig. 1). Often found in meadows. The roots penetrate to a depth of 5 m. The stem of the plant is 30-200 cm high and branches in the upper part. The flowers are pale lilac, after flowering they give seeds in the form of abundant fluff. Blooms in mid-summer for up to two weeks.

Rice. 1. Field calf(Increase)

- perennial herbaceous plant(Fig. 2). Stem up to 1.8 m. Flowers are small, fragrant, white, pale purple or pink. It blooms from the 2nd year of life in early summer for 50-55 days. Honey productivity - 200-300 kg/ha.

Rice. 2. Valerian officinalis(Increase)

is a perennial herbaceous plant 30–90 cm high (Fig. 3). Blooms in the second half of summer for about a month. Lilac flowers. It is well visited by bees who collect nectar and pollen from it. Honey productivity in terms of solid arrays is over 100 kg/ha.

Cover yellow.

In addition to the meadow cornflower, there is also a blue cornflower, which has blue-violet flowers. It blooms from summer to autumn. The cover color is bright yellow.

Rice. 3. Cornflower meadow(Increase)

Burdock (burdock). A biennial herbaceous plant with a branched stem 1-1.5 m high (Fig. 4). The flowers are small purple-violet, collected in spherical inflorescences. Blooms in the second half of summer up to 45-50 days.

Honey productivity - 100-125 kg/ha. More nectar is released at a temperature of 25-30 ° C. The trim is white or light grey.

Rice. 4. Burdock (burdock)(Increase)

- an annual herbaceous plant with thorny leaves (Fig. 5). The flowers are white, blue or blue, form a dense spherical head. Stem height - 70-150 cm Blooms in July-August 30-35 days. Bees are very active in visiting flowers.

Honey productivity - 350-700 kg per 1 ha of continuous thickets. During flowering, bees can prepare up to 20 kg of honey per family.

The cover is greyish.

Rice. 5. Mordovnik (cool, golovaten)(Increase)

Perennial herbaceous plant. It occurs as a weed in crops, but also grows in meadows (Fig. 6). Stem 60-80 cm high. Yellow flowers are collected in baskets.

Blooms in summer 12-15 days. Honey productivity - 60-120 kg per 1 ha of continuous thickets. Bees collect nectar and pollen from it.

Sow thistle is also called some types of thistle.

The lining is dark yellow.

Rice. 6 thistle field(Increase)

- perennial herbaceous plant 1-1.5 m high (Fig. 7). The flowers are medium-sized pink-violet, collected in false whorls, sitting in the axils of the upper leaves. Blossoms in the middle of summer 40-50 days. Honey productivity - 100-300 kg/ha.

The cover is dark yellow.

Rice. 7. Motherwort(Increase)

- the "king" of herbaceous honey plants (Fig. 8). The bruise was highly valued by the founder of rational beekeeping P. I. Prokopovich. Bruise is a biennial plant with a rosette of 6-8 stems up to 90 cm high. Flowers in paniculate inflorescences are pink and bright blue.

Blooms in July, blooms 40-45 days. Honey productivity - 250-400 kg/ha, in culture - up to 500-700 kg/ha. The plant is drought-resistant, the roots penetrate to a depth of 2-2.5 m.

The cover is dark blue.

Rice. 8. Common bruise(Increase)

- a biennial herbaceous plant (Fig. 9). Stem 30-80 cm high, branching at the top.

The flowers are golden yellow, small, collected in inflorescences. Blooms in late spring - early summer 30-40 days.

Honey productivity - 40-50 kg/ha.

The trim is bright yellow.

Rice. 9. Common colza(Increase)

- herbaceous perennial (Fig. 10). Stem 40-80 cm high. It blooms in early June and blooms for 30-40 days. The flowers produce abundant nectar and are well visited by bees, who, in addition to nectar, also collect pollen. Honey productivity - 100-250 kg/ha.

The cover is yellow.

This group of melliferous plants from different places of growth includes wild herbs, the melliferous purpose of which is not limited to certain areas.

These plants can be found on the slopes of mountains, hills, among shrubs and forest vegetation, in dry steppes and semi-desert regions, in ravines, in damp meadows and arable lands in saline and floodplain places. They also grow along fences, occupy wastelands and abandoned places. At the same time, many of them belong to dangerous weeds and, despite their high honey yield, are subject to destruction in agricultural enterprises, private household plots and peasant farms during the cultivation of crops.

Weeds and other wild melliferous herbs have high honey productivity. For example, 1 hectare of mordovnik gives up to 600 kg of honey, deaf nettle - up to 500 kg, catnip - up to 400 kg, motherwort - up to 300 kg. Due to the different growth times in the field, the flowering time of weeds often stretches for two or more months. This is facilitated by the duration of flowering of individual plants characteristic of them. Among weed honey plants there are both spring, summer and autumn honey plants; Weed honey plants are widespread in Russia everywhere; are very resistant to external conditions. All this gives beekeepers reason to consider weeds and other wild vegetation as an important source of honey for both the development of bee colonies and the production of marketable products. This is especially important for beekeepers to take into account at the present time, when farming culture has been significantly reduced in agricultural enterprises, private household plots and peasant farms, due to the difficult economic situation, most of the former collective farms and state farms have abandoned their arable land and their hayfields, as a result of which agricultural land is overgrown with weeds and thistles.

honey plants

plant name	Medoproduk- activity kg/ha	Flower time- nia	Continue- validity flowering, days	Spreading
Mordovnik	600	July-September	20	Center and southern areas
Surepka	35-40	May-August	30	Everywhere
Tatarnik	100	July August	25	middle lane
common flax	200	July-September	25	Middle and southern strip, Siberia
Thistle	100	Same	30	Everywhere
Bodyak	140	July August	30	Same
sow thistle	100	July-September	30	Same
burdock	100	Same	45	Same
deaf nettle	500	Same	60	Same
Gills	50	June-September	30	Same
rare wild	20-30	July August	20	Same
Cornflower field	50-100	July-September	30	Same
Motherwort	300	Same	35	Same
Coltsfoot	30	June August	20	Same
Kotovnik	150-400	March, April	30	Central and southern regions
Cornflower outstretched	50-200	July	40	Southern regions
Astra	40-100	Same	30	Salt and wetlands