Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh on the Trumpet. Church of St. Sergius in the wrens. Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh in Krapivniki in photographs of different years

The Church of St. Sergius in Krapivniki has been known since the end of the 16th century. She is depicted on the "Petrovsky drawing" of Moscow, and this is so far the only evidence of the existence of a one-domed church at that time. The first written confirmation of the existence of the church dates back to 1625, when it was wooden.

The name of the church "in Krapivniki" has no clear explanation. According to one version, this could be called a sparsely populated area overgrown with weeds and nettles. According to another point of view, the lane in which the church stands was named after the owner of one of the courtyards.

Indeed, in 1752, one of the estates near the temple belonged to the collegiate assessor Alexei Krapivin. In the past there were other names for the church: "in Starye Serebryaniki", "at the Pipe", that is, near Trubnaya Square, "in the Watchmen".

In pre-revolutionary times, the church in Krapivniki was the only church in the center of the capital, the main altar in which was consecrated in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

Sergievskaya church is small, it stands at an angle to Krapivensky lane and protrudes far into the roadway with its bell tower. This location tells us about the antiquity of the temple. The oldest part of the church is a small square, built in stone in 1678. From the north, south and west, it is surrounded by later annexes. Only its eastern wall was not built up with anything. Here we can see the altar apse, window frames, an old cornice. What was the initial completion of the cube building is not known exactly. Most likely, the church was single-headed.

The south side-altar in the name of the Beheading of John the Baptist was added to the temple in 1702. It is united with the refectory as a single space. In 1885-1886, the chapel of John the Baptist was enlarged. The apse was rebuilt and moved to the east. It became on par with the other two altars of the temple. The Forerunner side-altar has become larger in area than the ancient four-sided and the northern side-altar. Now this side-chapel is dedicated to All the saints who have shone in the Russian land.

In 1749, the church was rebuilt, and it became almost as we see it today. Above the old four, a new completion appeared in the form of a rectangular volume with cut corners. On the short sides of it were arranged arched niches with key stones. All corners of the superstructure were decorated with pilasters. The new end of the temple is covered with a high octahedral dome and crowned with a simple, unadorned, smooth drum with a small head and an openwork forged cross. At the same time, the northern Nikolsky side-chapel was added to the temple (in 1998 it was consecrated in the name of Seraphim of Sarov). The church received features of the Baroque style. It is possible that the reconstruction of the temple was carried out according to the project of the school master, Prince D.V. Ukhtomsky - the chief architect of Moscow in the middle of the 18th century.

The famous Russian philosopher, public figure, writer and music critic V.F. Odoevsky (1804-1869). In 1812, during the stay of the Napoleonic army in Moscow, the church was badly damaged. After the departure of the French, it was assigned to the neighboring church of St. John the Evangelist (not preserved, it stood in Petrovsky Lane). Divine services were resumed only in 1875.

On November 15, 1883, the Church of St. Sergius, which did not have its own parish, was transferred to the Patriarchate of Constantinople for the organization of its own courtyard (representation in the Russian Empire).

In 1920, the temple of St. Sergius in Krapivniki largely shared the fate of the entire Russian Orthodox Church... Values \u200b\u200bwere forcibly confiscated from it (liturgical vessels, ancient vestments on icons and the icons themselves). It is known that the confiscation of valuables was accompanied by unrest among the parishioners. In 1934, the last Greek abbot of the temple dies. Due to the fact that from a formal point of view, the Constantinople courtyard did not belong to the Russian Church, it was not closed for several more years. The temple was closed by one of the last in Moscow - in 1938. In the late 1930s, the bell tower ringing tier and the drum above the main volume were dismantled at the already closed church. A handicraft production for sharpening skates was arranged inside, which is explained by the proximity of the Dynamo skating rink, beloved by Muscovites. The temple remained in this form until August 30, 1991, when it was consecrated by Patriarch Alexy II. Now the temple is the Patriarch's courtyard.

In 2001, the bell tower dismantled by the Bolsheviks was restored, and in 2010 the chapel was consecrated in honor of All Saints who shone in the Russian land. In 2013, the painting of the Seraphim side-chapel, made by the icon painter Irina Zaron, was opened.

On the outer northern wall of the temple, there are plaques with inscriptions in beautiful ligature, telling about the parishioners buried next to them. Several representatives of the Ukhtomsky princely family are buried here. They lived in the Sergievsky parish in the XVI- XVIII centuries... Here were the graves of Princess E.M. Dashkova (1711), steward M.B. Chelishchev and his wife and others. Until now, at the southwestern corner of the refectory, the tomb of the Ukhtomsky princes is preserved. The necropolis of St. Sergius Church is one of the most famous in Moscow

Since 1991, the Church of Sergius has hosted an outstanding work of art and a revered shrine - the Kyi Cross, one of the most significant reliquaries in the history of Christianity. The cross, repeating the dimensions of the Cross of Christ, was made by order of Patriarch Nikon and consecrated on August 1, 1656 in Moscow. It was intended for the Monastery of the Cross, founded by Nikon, on Kiy Island in the White Sea. Patriarch Nikon placed in the Cross the relics of 104 saints and 16 stones from various holy places in Palestine. The cross was in its place, in the Cathedral of the Cross Monastery, until 1923. Then he was transported to the anti-religious museum in Solovki, and in 1930 to the State Historical Museum in Moscow. Among other revered shrines of this ancient temple are miraculous icons: the image of the Mother of God of Feodorovskaya and the image of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

The Church of St. Sergius in Krapivniki has been known since the end of the 16th century. She is depicted on the "Petrovsky drawing" of Moscow, and this is so far the only evidence of the existence of a one-domed church at that time. The first written confirmation of the existence of the church dates back to 1625, when it was wooden.

The name of the church "in Krapivniki" has no clear explanation. According to one version, this could be called a sparsely populated area overgrown with weeds and nettles. According to another point of view, the lane in which the church stands was named after the owner of one of the courtyards.

Indeed, in 1752, one of the estates near the temple belonged to the collegiate assessor Alexei Krapivin. In the past there were other names for the church: "in Starye Serebryaniki", "at the Pipe", that is, near Trubnaya Square, "in the Watchmen".

In pre-revolutionary times, the church in Krapivniki was the only church in the center of the capital, the main altar in which was consecrated in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

Sergievskaya church is small, it stands at an angle to Krapivensky lane and protrudes far into the roadway with its bell tower. This location tells us about the antiquity of the temple. The oldest part of the church is a small square, built in stone in 1678. From the north, south and west, it is surrounded by later annexes. Only its eastern wall was not built up with anything. Here we can see the altar apse, window frames, an old cornice. What was the initial completion of the cube building is not known exactly. Most likely, the church was single-headed.

The south side-altar in the name of the Beheading of John the Baptist was added to the temple in 1702. It is united with the refectory as a single space. In 1885-1886, the chapel of John the Baptist was enlarged. The apse was rebuilt and moved to the east. It became on par with the other two altars of the temple. The Forerunner side-altar has become larger in area than the ancient four-sided and the northern side-altar. Now this side-chapel is dedicated to All the saints who have shone in the Russian land.

In 1749, the church was rebuilt, and it became almost as we see it today. Above the old four, a new completion appeared in the form of a rectangular volume with cut corners. On the short sides of it were arranged arched niches with key stones. All corners of the superstructure were decorated with pilasters. The new end of the temple is covered with a high octahedral dome and crowned with a simple, unadorned, smooth drum with a small head and an openwork forged cross. At the same time, the northern Nikolsky side-chapel was added to the temple (in 1998 it was consecrated in the name of Seraphim of Sarov). The church received features of the Baroque style. It is possible that the reconstruction of the temple was carried out according to the project of the school master, Prince D.V. Ukhtomsky - the chief architect of Moscow in the middle of the 18th century.

The famous Russian philosopher, public figure, writer and music critic V.F. Odoevsky (1804-1869). In 1812, during the stay of the Napoleonic army in Moscow, the church was badly damaged. After the departure of the French, it was assigned to the neighboring church of St. John the Evangelist (not preserved, it stood in Petrovsky Lane). Divine services were resumed only in 1875.

On November 15, 1883, the Church of St. Sergius, which did not have its own parish, was transferred to the Patriarchate of Constantinople for the organization of its own courtyard (representation in the Russian Empire).

In 1920, the temple of St. Sergius in Krapivniki in many ways shared the fate of the entire Russian Orthodox Church. Values \u200b\u200bwere forcibly confiscated from it (liturgical vessels, ancient vestments on icons and the icons themselves). It is known that the confiscation of valuables was accompanied by unrest among the parishioners. In 1934, the last Greek abbot of the temple dies. Due to the fact that from a formal point of view, the Constantinople courtyard did not belong to the Russian Church, it was not closed for several more years. The temple was closed by one of the last in Moscow - in 1938. In the late 1930s, the bell tower ringing tier and the drum above the main volume were dismantled at the already closed church. A handicraft production for sharpening skates was arranged inside, which is explained by the proximity of the Dynamo skating rink, beloved by Muscovites. The temple remained in this form until August 30, 1991, when it was consecrated by Patriarch Alexy II. Now the temple is the Patriarch's courtyard.

In 2001, the bell tower dismantled by the Bolsheviks was restored, and in 2010 the chapel was consecrated in honor of All Saints who shone in the Russian land. In 2013, the painting of the Seraphim side-chapel, made by the icon painter Irina Zaron, was opened.

On the outer northern wall of the temple, there are plaques with beautiful inscriptions telling about the parishioners buried next to them. Several representatives of the Ukhtomsky princely family are buried here. They lived in the Sergievsky parish in the XVI-XVIII centuries. Here were the graves of Princess E.M. Dashkova (1711), steward M.B. Chelishchev and his wife and others. Until now, at the southwestern corner of the refectory, the burial vault of the princes of Ukhtomsky is preserved. The necropolis of St. Sergius Church is one of the most famous in Moscow

Since 1991, the Church of Sergius has hosted an outstanding work of art and a revered shrine - the Kyi Cross, one of the most significant reliquaries in the history of Christianity. The cross, repeating the dimensions of the Cross of Christ, was made by order of Patriarch Nikon and consecrated on August 1, 1656 in Moscow. It was intended for the Monastery of the Cross, founded by Nikon, on Kiy Island in the White Sea. Patriarch Nikon placed in the Cross the relics of 104 saints and 16 stones from various holy places in Palestine. The cross was in its place, in the Cathedral of the Cross Monastery, until 1923. Then he was transported to the anti-religious museum in Solovki, and in 1930 to the State Historical Museum in Moscow. Among other revered shrines of this ancient temple are miraculous icons: the image of the Mother of God of Feodorovskaya and the image of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

The fact is that not only monks worked in the monastery, but also the lay people who settled nearby. As you know, you can neither baptize nor marry in a monastery. For these needs of the surrounding residents, a temple was built in the name of St. Sergius.

Often they added to its name "what is in Starye Serebryaniki", "on Petrovka near the Trumpet", "in Krapivniki". All three definitions are understandable.

There used to be an old Serebryanaya Sloboda in this area, where silversmiths lived. “On Petrovka near Truba” indicates the location between Petrovka and Trubnaya Square. (The square itself, by the way, is so called because the Neglinnaya river drain under the wall of the White City was called "Pipe". a square was arranged in this place, which became known as Trubnaya.)
As for the definition of "in the Wrens" (or "in the Wrens"), there are two opinions. Either a lot of nettles grew on the site where the church was built, or the name of the Krapivensky lane came from the surname of the owner of a plot of land in this area.

Nikon Cross

The main shrine of the temple is the Cross, which contains 300 particles of the relics of the saints. Among them are the relics of the prophet Daniel, St. John the Baptist, the Evangelists Matthew, Mark and Luke, the Apostles Paul, Thomas and the brother of the Lord James, Equal-to-the-Apostles Tsar Constantine, Saints Basil the Great and John Chrysostom.
And also particles of such shrines as the Stones of the Holy Sepulcher and the Sepulcher Holy Mother of God and even the Stone from the place where Abraham had a meal for the Holy Trinity.

There is hardly anything like this Cross anywhere. Its history is interesting.
This Reliquary Cross was the main shrine of the Cross Monastery on the island of Kiy. It was brought to Russia from Palestine at the behest of Patriarch Nikon, therefore it is called Nikonovsky.
In 1639 Nikon had to sail along the White Sea "in a small ship with a certain Christian." A storm broke out, and the travelers were threatened with inevitable death, but they noticed a small island and stuck to it. The island (essentially a stone rock) was completely uninhabited and uninhabitable.

Kiy this island? - Nikon asked his companion, wanting to know the name of the island. But he did not know this.
- Let this island be called Kiy, - decided Nikon.
In order to thank the Lord for his salvation, he put a worship Cross on the shore, on which he himself painted the image of the Crucified Christ.

In 1652 Nikon (then Metropolitan of Novgorod), at the behest of the Tsar, went to the Solovetsky Monastery to retrieve the relics of Metropolitan Philip. On the way, he landed at his already familiar Kiy-island and was happy to see that the Cross he had put up was safe and sound. Standing in front of him with the relics of Metropolitan Philip, he promised to erect a church and a monastery on the island, about which four years later he beat Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich with his forehead.

It was decided to call the monastery the Godfather.

Approximately in 1656, at the request of Nikon (he was already a patriarch), two cypress crosses were brought to Moscow from Palestine, the size of which corresponded to the size of the Cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified. One was intended for the Golgotha \u200b\u200bside-chapel of the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in the New Jerusalem Monastery, the other for the Cross Monastery on the island of Kiy.
From Moscow, the Cross was taken to the White Sea. And all the way, when stopping for the night, copies of it were made. One of them survived in cemetery church Vlskresheniya Lazar in Onega (data for 1997).

The cross remained on Kiy-island until the closure of the monastery in 1923. During the existence of the monastery, it was taken out only once - in 1854 due to the invasion of the British. At the same time, some relics were lost.

From 1923 to 1930, the Cross was in the anti-religious museum in the Solovetsky camp. Then it was brought to Moscow, where it was kept in the storerooms of the Historical Museum.

To the temple Saint Sergius Radonezhsky in Krapivniki The cross was handed over in August 1991. It is interesting that the secondary consecration of the main chapel of the church took place on August 30, 1991, on the feast day of His Holiness Patriarch Nikon, 310 years after his death.

Very little is known from the history of this small church. Like many Moscow churches, at first it was wooden, then a stone building was built.
In the XVI-XVIII centuries. the temple served as the burial vault of the Ukhtomsky princes. On the northern wall of the chapel of St. Sergius, you can still see four stone slabs and on the leftmost one you can make out the name of the princess of Ukhtomskaya. At the end of the 18th century. a pestilence plague raged in Moscow. The priest who served in the Church of St. Sergius died, and so few parishioners remained in the church that they were transferred to one of the nearest churches - they were “assigned” to it (similar “assigned” churches existed in Moscow until the end of the 19th century).

The city recovered from the epidemic, and the parishioners reappeared at the temple, but a new misfortune befell it. In 1812, during the invasion of the French, the building suffered so much that it was even deleted from the list of Moscow churches, and the parishioners were again “assigned” to another church. The remaining utensils and property were also taken there. Only the miraculous icon of St. Sergius was handed over to the church in the village of Borodino.

Soon there was a demand from the civilian authorities that all houses in the White City were made of stone. Since the Sergius Church was empty, enterprising townspeople decided to use it as a quarry, but Metropolitan Filaret did not let the church be destroyed. The temple was restored and services resumed in it.

Officially, it was still considered “attributed” and non-parish, because the parishioners moved to another church. In fact, the local residents did not need the temple, so they decided to use it for the construction of the Constantinople Patriarchal Metochion (something like a secular embassy). At the same time, the temple came into the possession of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and next to it houses were built for the workers of the courtyard.

These buildings are still a wonderful decoration of the city. It seems that this corner of Moscow has not changed at all since that time. And you also get the impression that you are not in Russia, but in Byzantium: these buildings look so unusually colorful against the background of the others. Outside, the walls are decorated with a red and white floral pattern, which was characteristic not only of Greece, but of the Muslim East. From a distance, they resemble a fabulous gingerbread house.

In the 20s. the temple was still active. But in the next decade it was closed and the building was adapted for an institution. A regional transformer substation was located in the bell tower.

In the early 90s, the church was renewed as the Patriarchal Compound.