Kuprin olesya what color accompanies the image of olesya. “The meaning of symbolic images in one of the works of Russian literature of the 19th century (based on Kuprin's“ Olesya ”). Other compositions on this work

What is the significance of the story's setting?

(The story takes place in the bosom of nature, in the remote places of Polesie, where fate has thrown the hero, the city man, “for six whole months.” The hero expects new impressions, acquaintances with strange customs, a peculiar language with poetic legends, traditions. And his expectations are justified The place of action is also important for clarifying the author's idea.)

What role does landscape play in the story? Give examples.

(The winter forest landscape contributes to a special state of mind, the solemn silence emphasizes detachment from the civilized world, the howling of the wind intensifies melancholy and boredom. Nature is not just a background for the narrative. Gradually, it becomes a participant in the events. At first, the forces of nature are personified: “The wind behind the walls of the house raged like an old In his roar, groans, screeching and wild laughter were heard ... Outside, someone furiously threw handfuls of fine dry snow into the windows. The nearby forest murmured and hummed with a continuous, hidden, dull threat. " materialize, and the hero imagines some kind of "terrible guest" who burst into his old house... The alarms are added by the servant Yarmola, who mysteriously reports: "the witcher was born, the witcher celebrates the fun."

Descriptions of the landscape are often imbued with a lyrical warm mood: “The snow turned pink in the sun and blue in the shade. I was seized by the quiet charm of this solemn, cold silence, and it seemed to me that I felt how time slowly and silently passed me "Finally, nature, its strength, mystery, charm are embodied in the" witch "Olesya. The heroes meet in the spring: nature awakens - feelings awaken. In the last chapter - a sudden whirlwind, an unbearably sultry day, thunderstorm, hail - nature portends a rupture, separation, the collapse of love. The symbolic image of a mulberry tree stands out, which “stood completely naked, all the leaves were knocked off it by the terrible blows of the hail”. The hero's melancholy anxiety is justified - the "unexpected grief" that he had anticipated happened: Olesya is lost to him forever.

Nature echoes the feelings of the heroes, promotes the awakening and development of their souls, then serves as a means of creating an image (Olesya), emphasizing the natural, natural charm of man, or is an antithesis to the “civilized selfish world.)

How does Kuprin draw the image of the main character?

(Olesya's appearance is foreshadowed by nature itself, Yarmola mentions the "witcher", the hero hears Olesya's fresh, sonorous and strong voice, and finally she herself appears - "a tall brunette about twenty or twenty-five years old" with a face that "could not be forgotten .. . but it was difficult to describe him ": slyness, imperiousness and naivety" in the look of "big, shiny, dark eyes." Her face easily changes expression from severity to childish shyness (Chapter III). Olesya is compared with young Christmas trees that grew up in the old bora (chapter IV). The hero is also attracted by “the halo of the mystery surrounding her, the superstitious reputation of a witch, life in the woods among the swamps, and especially this proud self-confidence.” There is a special attraction in her unsolved nature. Olesya, akin to nature, does not know calculation and cunning, selfishness. Everything that poisons the relationship of people in the civilized world, to which Ivan Timofeevich belongs, is alien to her.)

What is the peculiarity of the depiction of the hero-narrator?

(The hero is described by Olesya herself: although you are a kind person, but only weak ... your kindness is not good, not cordial. To your word, you are not a master ... You will not love anyone with your heart, because your heart is cold, lazy, but to those who love you, you will bring a lot of grief. ")

How is the plot of the story built?

(Pictures of life and pictures of nature are linked into a single stream: for example, after the hero meets Olesya - a picture of a stormy spring, a declaration of love is accompanied by a description of a moonlit night. The plot is built on the opposition of Olesya's world and the world of Ivan Timofeevich. He perceives his relationship with Olesya as “naive , a charming fairy tale of love ", she knows in advance that this love will bring grief, but that it is inevitable, that you cannot run away from fate. His love is gradually waning, he is almost afraid of it, tries to delay the explanation, propose to Olesya and tell him about his departure (Chapter XI.) He thinks first of all about himself: “Good and learned people marry in sewing clothes, maids ... and live beautifully ... I won’t be more unhappy than others, really?” And Olesya's love is gradually gaining strength, Pagan Olesya comes to church and barely escapes from the brutal crowd, ready to break the “witch.” Olesya turns out to be much taller and stronger than the hero, these forces are in her naturalness.)

What color accompanies Olesya's image?

(This is red, the color of love and the color of anxiety: “Olesya’s red skirt stood out as a bright spot on a dazzling white, even background of snow (first meeting); red cashmere shawl (first date, in the same scene Olesya speaks blood), a string of cheap red beads , coral - the only thing that remained “in memory of Olesya and her tender, generous love (last episode).

Why was the happiness of the heroes so short?

(Olesya, possessing the gift of foresight, feels, realizes the inevitability of the tragic end of short happiness. The continuation of this happiness in a stuffy, cramped city is impossible. They are too different people. The more valuable is her self-denial, an attempt to reconcile her independent way of life with something that is deeply alien to her . The theme of "magic" love is replaced by another, constantly sounding in Kuprin's work - the theme of the unattainability of happiness.)

What do you think is the idea behind the story?

(Kuprin shows that only in unity with nature, in preserving naturalness, a person is able to achieve spiritual purity and nobility.)

A.I.Kuprin "Olesya"

The wealth of the inner world of the heroine of the story "Olesya" and her tragic fate

1. Why did the author titled the story with the name of the heroine?
2. What is the significance of the story's setting?
3. What role does landscape play in the story? Give examples.
4. How does Kuprin draw the image of the main character?
5. Why for the majority of local residents, peasants - neighbors of Olesya, is she a witch, a "witcher"?

The word "witch" is ambiguous. It means not only an evil witch, but also a sorceress, a good sorceress, an enchantress.

1. For Kuprin, Olesya - a witch who seduced Ivan Timofeevich, or a sorceress who revealed the beauty of love to the hero? Prove your point.
2. Does the name of the heroine correspond to her witchcraft essence? What meaning of the word "sorceress" is more appropriate?
3. Why do the neighbors hate and persecute Olesya? Whom and why did the author choose to compare with Olesya?
4. Why did the visiting "panich" become the object of comparison? What attracted the heroine to Ivan Timofeevich?
5. The profession that Ivan Timofeevich strives for is a writer,- is it by chance given by the author to his hero?
6. Is there anything in common in the skill of a writer and a sorcerer?
7. What is the peculiarity of the depiction of the hero-narrator?
8. Did you like Olesya? Why did the pampered gentleman Ivan Timofeevich fall in love with her, in fact, a savage, far from civilization?
9. What did Olesya bring with her to the hut, at the time of her first appearance? What human qualities does Olesya speak about in this scene?
10. What quality did Olesya value most in a person? Do you agree with her assessment?
11. Why does Olesya actually respond with a refusal to Ivan Timofeevich's offer? After all, the dream of any girl at all timesit was to hear a confession and a marriage proposal from a loved one?
12. Will Olesya keep her love for Ivan Timofeevich for the rest of her life?
13. Why Olesya characterizes Ivan Timofeevich so mercilessly: “Your kindness is not good, not cordial. You are not master of your word. You love to take over people ... Your heart is cold, lazy "? Do you agree with her findings?
14. Is it correct to say that, without fighting for his happiness, Ivan Timofeevich simply betrayed his and Olesin's love?
15. Read the episode of Olesya's visit to the church. Why did Ivan Timofeevich, who understood how this trip could end for Olesya, did not stop, did not save his beloved girl?
16. Why does the author call the relationship of his characters a "naive charming fairy tale of love"? Fairy tales should have a happy ending. And what is the ending in this piece?
17. What color accompanies Olesya's image? Why do you think?
18. Evaluate the role of detail in the narrative using the example of red beads at the end of a piece. What do they represent?
19. Why was the happiness of the heroes so short?
20. What do you think is the idea behind the story?
21. What is left of love for Olesya in the soul of Ivan Timofeevich?
22. And in your soul after reading the whole story?

"Garnet bracelet"

The work is based on a real fact - the story of a modest official to a secular lady, the mother of the writer L. Lyubimov.

From the memoirs of L. Lyubimov:

“Between her first and second marriage, my mother becamereceive letters, the author of which, without naming himself and emphasizing that the difference in social status does not allow him to count on reciprocity, expressed his love for her. These letters were kept in my family for a long time, and I read them in my youth. An anonymous lover, as it later turned out - Yellow (in the story of Zheltkov), wrote that he served on the telegraph (with Kuprin, Prince Shein jokingly decides that only some telegraph operator could write this way), in one letter he reported that under the guise The polisher penetrated into my mother's apartment and described the situation (at Kuprin's Shein, again, jokingly tells how Zheltkov, disguised as a chimney sweep and smeared with soot, penetrates Princess Vera's boudoir. The tone of the messages was either high-spirited or grumpy. He was angry with his mother. , then thanked her, although she did not react in any way to his explanations.

At first, these letters amused everyone, but then (they came almost every day for two or three years) my mother even stopped reading them, and only my grandmother laughed for a long time, opening in the morning another message from a telegraph operator in love.

And then there was a denouement: an anonymous correspondent sent his mother a garnet bracelet. My uncle<...> and my father, then my mother's fiancé, went to Yellow. All this took place not in the Black Sea city, like Kuprin's, but in Petersburg. But Yellow, like Zheltkov, really lived on the sixth floor. "The spattered staircase," writes Kuprin, "smelled of mice, cats, kerosene and laundry" - all this corresponds to what I heard from my father. Yellow huddled in a squalid attic. He was caught compiling another message. Like Kuprinsky Shein: the father was more silent during the explanation, looking "with bewilderment and greedy serious curiosity into the face of this strange man." My father told me that he felt in Yellow some kind of secret, a flame of genuine selfless passion. Uncle, again like Nikolai Nikolayevich Kuprinsky, got excited, was unnecessarily harsh. Yellow accepted the bracelet and sullenly promised not to write to my mother again. That was the end of it. In any case, we do not know anything about his further fate ”.

L. Favorite. In a foreign land, 1963

1. How Kuprin artistically transformed the real story he heard infamily of a high-ranking official Lyubimov?
2. What social barriers (and are they the only ones?) Push the hero's love intoa sphere of inaccessible dreams?
3. Is it possible to say that in "Garnet Bracelet" Kuprin's own dream of an ideal, unearthly feeling was expressed?
4. How does Kuprin draw the main character of the story, Princess Vera Nikolaevna Sheina?
5. What technique does the author use to highlight Zheltkov's appearance in the story?
6. What gifts did Vera receive? What is their significance?
7. How does Zheltkov's gift look against this background? What is its value?
8. How does the theme of love develop in the story?
9. How is the author portrayed Zheltkov and his love? What topic is Kuprin developing traditional for Russian literature?
10. What is the significance of the image of the hero after his death?
11. What is the mood of the ending of the story?
12. What role does music play in creating this mood?
13. Compare the understanding of love in the works of Kuprin and Bunin (on the material of Kuprin's "Olesya", "Duel", "Garnet Bracelet" and Bunin's stories " Sunstroke"And Clean Monday").
14. What brings together and how sharply differ two writers of the same age in other components of creativity - the processing of vital material, the degree of metaphoricity of prose, "plot construction", the nature of conflicts?

"Watchdog and crook Kuprin" - Good for the sheep, and for the good and the sheep himself. Explain the meaning of the proverbs. Fear cannot be enough for any misfortune. Who has not experienced friendship, to death. Why has Barbos behavior changed? The heart is a falcon, and the courage of a crow. Be faithful it's hard to part. Homework... Friendship, loyalty. Lesson topic: Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin.

"Kuprin Olesya" - How is the plot of the story built? What color accompanies Olesya's image? The winter landscape emphasizes the detachment from civilization. Beaten and laughed at, Olesya is forced to flee from the forest nest. Olesya does not know calculation, self-love. Teacher Feoktistova O.V. MOU "Secondary School No. 8". The hero expects new experiences. What is the significance of the story's setting?

"Biography of Kuprin" - short biography... Even then he dreamed of becoming a "poet or novelist". The seventeen years that the writer spent in exile was a period of little fruit. Comes to Lenin in 1918 with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - "Earth". However, new creative plans were not destined to come true.

"Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich" - In the 90s. meets Bunin, Chekhov and Gorky. Publishes the essay "Native Moscow". In the spring of 1937, seriously ill Kuprin returned to his homeland. The story "Duel" (1905). In 1901. The writer spent seventeen years in exile. In the spring of 1897 the writer was in Polesie. Kuprin emigrates abroad.

"Kuprin's Creativity" - The Story "Olesya" (1898). Born on September 8, 1870 in the town of Narovchatov, Penza province. Kuprin serves in the rank of second lieutenant in the 46th Dnieper Infantry Regiment. In the era of revolutions. Crossword. 3. 7. The first inclination towards literature appeared in the cadet corps. My father died of cholera. Biography of Alexander Ivanovich KUPRIN.

"AI Kuprin" - Dictionary work. Taper is a musician who plays in small restaurants at dance evenings. RUBINSTEIN, ANTON GRIGORIEVICH (1829-1894), Russian composer and pianist. Green house in Gatchina.

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A.I. Kuprin is a master of symbolic images. The writer creates in his works color and sound images that carry a special emotional meaning. When using them inner world characters is revealed deeper, helps to comprehend more broadly the ideological depth of the work as a whole.

Color and sound writing - common artistic means expressiveness of the language, carrying a colossal semantic load. Color, color symbolism and sound in the stories "Garnet Bracelet", "Olesya", "Shulamith" organically penetrate the lines of literary texts. According to E. Farino, "color in a literary text must certainly receive its verbal expression, must be named ... Therefore, not being obligatory and always being a choice, the color designation introduced into the text of a literary work is always significant."

In some cases, the color mentioned by the writer is the carrier of a certain meaning prevailing in a given culture. For example, the color red refers to the traditional association with love and passion, on the one hand, and with sadness and danger, on the other. He becomes a real symbol of love, devotion, passion and death in the story "Garnet Bracelet".The use of color painting is observed when the mood of the princess changes: Vera cover a took off … ... with cover a runny with tears …

Portrait of G.S. Zheltkova is rich colors, but red is used only once in his image:I cr a sleep …

We can observe multiple repetitions of this color in the rest of the context:case cr a plush a , five prekr a cool gr a n a comrade a bauchon ... Upon closer examination of the bracelet, it turned out that in bright light it has a peculiar shade:... thick-cr a dreamy living lights ... Such a gift did not bring joy to the princess, but, on the contrary, seeing it, the princess experienced a strange excitement:"Like blood!" …

No less stable association with love is conveyed in the story in green: This is a very rare variety of gr a n a t a - green gr a n a t .

Vasily Lvovich shows guests a portrait,well done with colored pencils ... Bright colors are not typical for Zheltkov.

The surname Zheltkov is also symbolic. “The symbolism of yellow is defined by two poles of its shades. On the one hand, it is warm red and gold yellow life. On the other hand, it is cold and harsh, or a pale and dirty yellow color of illness and death. " This characteristic of the color also reflects the attitude of the hero who committed suicide for the well-being of his beloved.

In the appearance of the hero, insecurity is felt, it is clear that he is tormented by doubts:... fingers of Yolkov a ran along the side of the brown short jacket a chk a ... In the portrait of the hero, the writer points to the brown jacket not as a sign of ordinary, complete inexpressiveness, but, on the contrary, modesty and restraint of the attire.

In the image of the hero, one should note the faded colors that characterize the depth of the soul and the human impulse of the hero. They accompany the image of love, affection, sympathy, while dooming the hero to misunderstanding of others and death.

The author uses pale colors in order to convey the complexion. For an official of the treasury chamber, this is a constant phenomenon, and not a reaction to any phenomenon: ...very pale, ... his lips were white and not moving a fox like a dead .

Even such a color as red is not used by the author in full coloristic volume. It lightens this color, turning it from bright to dull:... light redheads a mustache …

Nature in yellow tones, as if anticipating something bad, accompanies the princess:... on their prickly yellow stubble a glittered a mica shine autumn p a duck. ... Trees<…> dropped yellow leaves .

In the story, the writer uses a large number of names for flowers:m a carnations, levkoy, rose bushes…. Z a then they bloomed magnificently with their cold, arrogant cr a a hundred dahlias, peonies and a stripes ... The flowers symbolize the withering of the princess's soul, who spends her life in an ordinary and monotonous manner. For example, a carnation is a symbol of the burning feelings that the princess once felt for her husband. The unearthly love of Zheltkov helps Vera to wake up from mental indifference, to look at the world in a different way. This is evidenced by the large red rose left by the princess to the late official:... and now a i took it out a <…> big cr a sleepy rose ... This is the only gift from the princess to the hopelessly in love Zheltkov.The red color of the rose is the color of misfortune and love, which faded and flashed again in the heart of the heroine.

In the story, Vera's spiritual revival is conveyed through the reception of sound writing:... rustled leaves ... All this is accompanied by wonderful music, which Zheltkov bequeathed to listen:... amazing a i am a musician a <…> continued a ... The story "is the most striking and revealing work, where music and sound permeate every word, where Beethoven's sonata reflects the multivalued semantic structure of the story and, passing through the whole work as a leitmotif, reaches its climax in the finale."

Kuprin's next work, rich in color images, is the story "Olesya". For each case, the author uses a specific color palette... In the portraits of peasants, the writer uses only dark colors. Their skin color is noteworthy:... and for a second I see her brown skin ... In the image of the lazy and careless Yarmola, the same detail can be traced:... his swarthy, thin face with a lym black gl a s a mi, all gone into a tough black beard … He<…> pushed between his black<…> P a lions feather …

The setting in which these heroes live is also given in dark colors:... in the dark hallway …

Thanks to the dark colors, the author tries to reflect the rough customs and lack of education of the peasants. The writer finds himself in an atmosphere of poverty, lack of spirituality, misunderstanding, so he describes everything around him in dull and gloomy colors.

The complete opposite of the Polissya peasants is Olesya.Her entire image was created from contradictory colorful sketches, where in each portrait detail the author notes the character traits of the heroine:... tall brunette ...; ... white a i rub a x a free; ... in these large, shiny, dark chap a s a x ...; in dark pink skin tone ….

G.S. Murygina notes that "with the appearance of Olesya, the poetic tonality of the work begins to change, longing gives way to joy, the beautiful triumphs over the ugly."

The next date of the heroes takes place with a multicolored spring palette that reflects harmony in nature. The love of the protagonists of the story develops against the background of nature, which has sounds that change their tone depending on the events taking place:... stormy, brown, sparkling a streaming streams ...; in huge puddles a x water neg a the blue sky was angry with<…> white obl a to a mi . ... brown last year leaves ..., .. m e mouth e ltness,<…> purple heads …. FROM further development relationship nature is revived even more:... louder e st a n o in u was s a d o rny cr u to in o r o b e in…; the sticky brown buds of poplar were more fragrant ... At the very end, the sounds grow, acquire an ominous expression:… o t p a sc a t o in gr o m a dr o f a whether and zv e n e l u st e cl a …

Kuprin uses the technique of sound writing so that the reader can not only see, but also hear the song of joyful feelings that overwhelmed the heroes, and together with them experience their grief.

The joy of life, quick and easy movements of Olesya are conveyed in bright and rich colors:But O l e xia already n a to u zero a n a r o l o in y cr a clear to a shem u flat circuit board o to …

When depicting a young witch, Kuprin uses a contrast technique:Cr a cn a i skirt a <…>, out e ling bright u m spots o m n a o sl e p u t e flax o -b e l o m, p o ext o m f o n e cn e r a . Two huge blue spots<…> stood out sharply on white delicate skin .

On the girl's face, one cannot fail to notice the excitement described with the help of a red tint:... she suddenly blushed ..., ... and blushing even more ; ... burst into a deep blush .

In this case, the red color expresses the symbolic meaning of strong and burning love, passionate love feelings. References to the color red are observed when a girl speaks blood. Here, the color of blood symbolizes aggression, trouble:The blood immediately came out …

It should be noted that the blue color is also used by the author to describe the heroine:... a thin blue vein on her temple ... According to Obukhov, "the blue color adjusts to melancholy," so it is logical to assume that the heroine will face grief and longing.

At the end of the story, we again see dark tones that warn of an impending disaster. We see the struggle between the dark and the light:A black cloud covered the sky<…>but the sun was still shining<…>and there was something ominous in this mixture of light and impending darkness .

The story ends with an interesting color scheme:It was a string of cheap red beads, known in Polesie as "coral ... Red beads will always remind the hero of Olesya's passionate and generous love, as well as of pain and separation.

In the story "Shulamith" the earthly world is bright, colorful, picturesque. The writer uses rich, intense, bright and contrasting colors, he draws the reader's attention to bright objects.

Heraldry indicates that the flowers chosen by the author to describe the king have the following meaning: the red color represents strength, courage; purple - dignity, power; gold - wealth; silver - wisdom; black - constancy, peace; white - purity, innocence:The king's hands were tender, white ... ... Solomon wore a gem of a blood-red asterix, which spewed out six rays of pearl color . ... with silver pillars, with golden elbows in the form of lying lions, with a tent made of purple Tyrian fabric …

The portrait of the king deserves special attention:Pale<…> face, lips -<…> scarlet ribbon; hair is black bluish,<…> gray hair glittered like the silver threads of mountain streams ...; gray hair sparkled in his black beard ... Eyes<…> dark, like the darkest agate, like the sky in a moonless summer nightand eyelashes<…> were like black rays around black stars .

The portrait of a girl has an original color scheme. When describing her image, not only red is often used, but also its shades, for example, scarlet, red. Red is the color of fire and sun; according to Obukhov, it is associated with blood. Scarlet color means blood, strength, power, love down to sacrifice: ... auburn hair, into which she stuck two scarlet poppy flowers<…>and blaze<…>like golden purple. Homemade necklace made from some red dry berries … Your lips are scarlet ... ... from the light of dawn and from the dust it seems as red and as wavy as your curls .

Also, to create an image, a metaphorical technique is used:Your cheeks are like halves of a pomegranate under your curls. Your eyes are as deep as two Esebone lakes at the gate of Batrabbim .

The love of the heroes ends tragically. The girl's death is accompanied by a scarlet color:... he stood on<…>without noticing that his knees are bathed in her blood and that his hands are stained with scarlet blood .

Green colorused in sketches of landscapes and in the statements of heroes, symbolizes freedom, joy, exultation, hope, health:silver green olive leaves . Dark green malachite steps .

Colors such as blue and pink colors evoke associations with the beautiful, strong and sublime love of the heroes:... Sulamith's body seemed foamy pink, and love fatigue surrounded her beautiful eyes with blue shadows …

The effect of the liveliness and brightness of the world, which accompanies the heroes of the story "Shulamith", is accompanied by frequent descriptions of colors: "like a daffodil flower », « beautiful king, like the lily of the Sharon valley », « aroma of flowering grapes - delicate aroma of reseda », « like a blooming pomegranate " and many others.

The flowers mentioned in the story also have a symbolic meaning. Narcissus is a symbol of spring and youthful death. Lily is a symbol of purity and innocence. Grapes are a symbol of fertility.

The life of the heroes of the story "Shulamith" is not only picturesque, but also full of sounds that people enjoy. Sound examples such as: “loved to listen to the roar of wild animals », « a simple and gentle motive pours itself like a resounding stream in the mountains », « a sharp brass sound suddenly swept over Jerusalem. He trembled for a long time and hesitated in the air "Are used by Kuprin to show the joy of life,

The author's range of colors and sounds is unique and diverse. Color and sound solutions make up the uniqueness of the landscape, reveal the characters and images of the heroes, give readers the right to penetrate the author's world so that they can comprehend it through the eyes of an artist. Thus, the reader perceives the symbolic world of works, created by the imagination of the writer, exactly as the author wanted it.

List of used literature:

Zolotnitsky N.F. Flowers in legends and traditions. - M .: Printing house A.A. Kartseva, 1913 .-- 272 p .;

Kuprin A.I. Favorites. - Alma-Ata: Mektep, 1984 .-- 368 p .;

Murygina G.S. The psychological function of color layers in the story by A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" // Proceedings of PSPU: Sector of young scientists. - 2007. - No. 3. - S. 155 - 160;

Obukhov Ya.L. Color symbolism. - Access mode: ;

Farino E. Introduction to Literary Studies: Tutorial... - SPb .: Publishing house of the RGPU im. A.I. Herzen, 2004 .-- 639 p .;

Shigapova G.F. Sound symbolism in the story by A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" / / Bulletin of Tyumen state university... - 2013. - No. 1. - S. 192 - 199

Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin 1870 -1938 Teacher Feoktistova O.V. MOU "Secondary School No. 8" August 26 (September 7) 1870 - was born in the town of Narovchat, Penza province in the family of an official. 1890 - after graduating from the cadet school, enters the army. 1894 - leaves military service, works as a loader, actor, organizes a circus, manages an estate, collaborates in local newspapers as a reporter and feuilletonist. Kuprin contrasts modern civilization with natural life in communication with nature ("Olesya" in 1898 and "Black fog" in 1905). In the stories "Gambrinus" (1907), "Pomegranate Bracelet" (1911), incorruptibility, nobility of feelings is opposed to the vulgarity, hypocrisy of bourgeois morality. He is fond of exotic, biblical motives ("Shulamith" 1908). These and his other works ("Dreams", "Wedding", "River of Life", "Murderer", "Delirium", "Resentment") were a response to the events of the first Russian revolution in 1919 - he was forced to emigrate to Paris. 1937 - return to the USSR. August 25, 1938 - died in Moscow Story "Olesya" We have a poetic image of the girl Olesya, who grew up in the hut of an old "witch", outside the usual norms of a peasant family. Olesya's love for the intellectual Ivan Timofeevich, who accidentally drove into a remote forest village, is a free, simple and strong feeling, without looking back and without obligations, among the tall pines, painted with a crimson glow of the dying dawn. The story of the girl gets a tragic end, here Olesya's free life is invaded by the selfish calculations of village officials, and the superstitions of dark peasants. Beaten and laughed at, Olesya is forced to flee from the forest nest. What is the significance of the story's setting? The story takes place in the bosom of nature in the remote places of Polesie, where fate has thrown the hero, a city man, for as long as 6 months. The hero expects new experiences. What role does landscape play? The winter landscape emphasizes the detachment from civilization. Nature is gradually becoming a participant in the events: “The wind raged like an old, frozen naked devil. In his roar, groans, screeching and wild laughter were heard ... "Gradually the sounds of the wind almost materialize, and the hero imagines some kind of" terrible guest who burst into his house "Descriptions of nature are often imbued with a lyrical warm mood:" The snow turned pink in the sun and turned blue in the shade ... I was seized by the quiet charm of this solemn silence ... "Nature, her strength is embodied in the" witch "Olesya. The heroes meet in the spring: nature awakens, feelings awaken In the last chapter - a sudden whirlwind, thunderstorm, hail - harbingers of separation and the collapse of love How does Kuprin draw the image of the main character? A tall brunette about 20-25 years old with a face that “could not be forgotten, but difficult to describe”: “cunning, imperious and naivety” in the look of “big, shiny, dark eyes” What does Kuprin compare to the heroine? With young Christmas trees growing in the freedom of the old forest, the Hero is attracted by the "halo of the mystery surrounding her, the reputation of a witch, life in the forest more often among the swamps", but most of all - proud self-confidence. There is a special attraction in its unsolvedness. Olesya does not know calculation, self-love. It is alien to everything that poisons the relations of people in the civilized world, to which Ivan Timofeevich belongs. What is the peculiarity of the image of the hero-storyteller? The hero is described by Olesya herself: “Although you are kind, you are only weak ... Your kindness is not good. Not cordial. You are not master of your word ... You will not love anyone with your heart, because your heart is cold, lazy, and to those who love you, you will bring a lot of grief. " How is the plot of the story built? Pictures of life and nature are connected in a single stream: after the hero meets Olesya - a picture of a stormy spring, a declaration of love is accompanied by a description of a moonlit night The plot is built on the opposition of Olesya's world and the world of Ivan Timofeevich He perceives the relationship with Olesya as a naive, charming fairy tale, she also it is known that this love will bring grief ... His love is gradually waning ... He thinks first of all about himself: "Good and learned people marry seamstresses, maids ... and live beautifully ... I won't be more unhappy than others?" How is Olesya changing? Her love becomes selfless. Pagan Olesya comes to church and barely escapes from the brutal crowd, ready to tear the witch apart. What color accompanies the image of Olesya? "Olesya's red skirt stood out as a bright spot against a dazzling white, even background of snow" (in the first meeting); Red cashmere shawl; A string of cheap red beads is the only thing that remained "in memory of Oles and her tender, generous love" (in the last episode) Why was the heroes' happiness so short? Olesya, possessing the gift of foresight, realizes the inevitability of the end of a short happiness. They are too different people. All the more valuable is her self-denial. The theme of "magic love" is replaced by the theme of the unattainability of happiness.