Links to scanned versions of some Russian dialect dictionaries and studies on dialectology. Links to scanned versions of some Russian dialect dictionaries and studies on dialectology The meaning of the word glasses dictionary of Russian folk dialects
PAREMIOGRAPHY AND WINGOGRAPHY IN THE CONTEXT OF SLAVISTICS
V. M. Mokienko
PROJECT "PHRASEOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN FOLK TALES"
The publication of the “Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects” edited by F. P. Filin, F. P. Sorokoletov and S. A. Myznikov became a landmark event in world lexicography. Based on the model of this dictionary, a group of Petersburg phraseologists (V. M. Mokienko, T. G. Nikitina and E. K. Nikolaeva) propose to create a "Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects". It will significantly expand the corpus of dialectal phraseology, unify the presentation of material and detail its purely phraseographic parameters. The article discusses the basic principles of building a dictionary.
Key words: phraseological dictionary, folk dialects, lexicography, phraseography, phraseographic parameters.
The publication of the “Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects” (SRNG 1965-2010) edited by F. P. Filin, F. P. Sorokoletov and (recently) S. A. Myznikov became a landmark event not only in domestic, but also in world lexicography and dialectology. Created by a group of knowledgeable, experienced and dedicated specialists, it determined the strategy and tactics of the dictionary description of folk dialects in our country and abroad for a long time. Perhaps, except for Germany, where dialectography already in the 19th century. led to the creation of regional lexicographic thesauri for many German-speaking regions, nowhere else in the world has such an impressive corpus of dialect vocabulary and phraseology been created as in Russian Academy post-war period. The work of the authors of the SRNG, as well as the dictionary projects of the Pskov Regional Dictionary under the direction of B. A. Larin and the Arkhangelsk Regional Dictionary under the direction of O. G. Getsova, became a powerful stimulus for dialectographic developments in almost all regions of Russia. That is why, in a relatively short period of time - the post-war fiftieth anniversary, domestic dialectologists were able to organize mass expeditions, create powerful card indexes and publish multi-volume dictionaries of the Arkhangelsk, Pskov, Novgorod, Vologda, Smolensk, Oryol, Tomsk, Irkutsk and other regions of Russia. And for most of these dictionaries, the principles of compiling the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, its structure and vocabulary have become a lexicographic model and measure of dictionary quality.
Mokienko Valery Mikhailovich - Doctor of Philology, Professor of the Department of Slavic Philology of St. Petersburg state university; Chief Researcher, Institute for Philological Research, St. Petersburg State University; professor at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the University. Ernst Moritz Arndt (Greifswald, Germany). Email: [email protected]
Over the 46 years that have passed since the publication of the first issue of the SRNG, the stock of domestic dialectisms has largely replenished and continues to replenish. Since the edition of this dictionary has already exceeded the letter "T", meaning the proximity to the finish line of the lexicographic marathon of St. Petersburg dialectographers, the prospect of reprinting the dictionary, more precisely, its second, expanded and supplemented edition, already now arises. As is known, corrections of some principles of its compilation, and ways to expand the vocabulary and geography of the described material, and such technical details as the format of published issues, which can be larger and larger, are already being discussed.
For phraseologists, SRNG has long been a necessary source of both scientific research and lexicographic finds. Dialect phraseology, largely based on the lexicographic practice of various regional centers of our country, gradually developed the basis for the compilation and specialized dictionaries of dialect stable phrases. Dictionaries of Siberian dialectal phraseology, created under the guidance of prof. A. I. Fedorova (SFS, FSS) largely relied on our academic experience, just because their editor was from Leningrad and came from a group of compilers of the famous dictionary edited by A. I. Molotkov. When compiling our phraseological dictionary of Pskov dialects (hereinafter referred to as SPP), T. G. Nikitina and I proceeded both from the experience of compiling the Pskov Regional Dictionary (hereinafter POS) with its million card index, and from the experience of the SRNG. Phraseological dictionaries of other regions of Russia (see [Prokosheva 1972]; [Kobeleva 2004]; [Stavshina 2006] and others) also proceed from the experience of developing phraseology by Leningrad / St. Petersburg lexicographers in the SRNG.
It seems that the time has come to generalize this experience in the form of a special summary dictionary of Russian dialect phraseology - the Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects. When proposing a project for compiling such a dictionary, several circumstances should be taken into account.
Firstly, the phraseological vocabulary of the SRNG in the process of gradual and long-term publication of its issues since 1965 requires significant expansion. During this period, many fundamental dialect dictionaries of the Russian language, as well as a mass of regional dictionaries and dictionaries and collections of local folklore of a small genre, including proverbs and sayings. This material, according to preliminary data, can more than double enrich the original phraseological vocabulary of the SRNG.
Secondly, during the specified period, the theoretical postulates of phraseology as a special linguistic discipline were significantly improved, views on phraseology as an object of lexicographic description were clarified, the attitude to various types of phraseology was detailed, their regional and stylistic qualifications were improved, and the possibilities of objective cultural and historical-etymological commenting on dialect phraseological units. All this can and should be taken into account when compiling the Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects (FSRNG).
Thirdly, the differential principle of choosing a vocabulary for SRNG, which turned out to be productive in describing vocabulary, caused certain discrepancies.
in the processing of phraseology. After all, many phraseological dialectisms include lexical components of the national language. Such, for example, are dialectisms with somatic components such as head, hand, foot, etc. The compilers of SRNG quite justifiably include them in their dictionary without commenting on the original word. Thus, the 1st meaning of Nog's vocable opens typical characteristic“In combinations”, and then under the signs ◊ and ~ phraseological units are given: in white legs (sit down), in legs, in leg ... in horse (horse leg), dance in three legs, live on a light leg, etc. [SRNG, 21, 1986: 261-263]. It is easy to see that such turns of phrase organically fit into the ranks of such phraseological units, which are not so much dialectisms in accordance with the differential approach adopted by the compilers, but only variants of popular stable word combinations. And this seems to be the right approach, because it - despite the deviation from the strictly differential principle - allows you to make the volume of the phraseological dictionary more complete and reflects the dynamics of phraseology in live speech. In the projected dictionary, such variations of phraseology will also be described, especially since it is impossible to make a strict distinction between “pure” dialectisms and “variational” phrases.
Fourth, the order of arrangement of phraseological units in SRNG, although logically subordinate to the alphabetical principle chosen for vocabulary, somewhat complicates the search for the desired phrase in voluminous vocables, such as, for example, Noga. After all, the desire to distinguish the described phraseological units into stable phrases of a semi-terminological type (legs remain "legs are taken away", dry legs "hit, beat off legs", stand on grass (waxed) legs "stand unsteadily; fall" and actually idioms (camel's foot "case on the sleeve armlet", to live on a light leg, "to live carefree", to see under the leg, "to see badly") [SRNG, 21, 1986: 261-263], as can be seen even from the examples given, can be considered relative. due to the variability of the components of phraseological units, their first component can be replaced, which violates the strictness of the alphabetical order.That is why, as we will see below, the principle of locating phraseological units under the first pivotal word, usually a noun, is chosen in the FSRNG proposed in the project.
Finally, by combining phraseological material in a complex specialized dictionary, it is possible to unify its presentation, correlate variants and synonyms within a single dictionary text, describe its semantics and style in one key, offer the reader semantic and historical-etymological comments, etc. Thus, the purpose of the conceived "Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects" is a complete systematic description of the phraseological dialectisms of the Russian language.
Of course, the differential principle of selecting dialect material, which is the basis of the SRNG, will also be consistently observed in the FSRN, taking into account the experience of inclusion in the corpus already existing in the first dictionary. various types variants of popular phraseological units. Thus, colloquial phrases Stay / stay (find yourself, turn out, sit) with nothing (with a broken trough) and Return / return to a broken trough will be excluded from the vocabulary block KORYTO, but will be reflected as dialectisms, from-
reflecting the folk specifics of the semantics of the vocal word, as well as variations and associative reminiscences of a nationwide expression dating back to the fairy tale of A. S. Pushkin:
Stay on the barn. Kar. The same as being left with nothing [SRGC, 4, 1997: 256].< Баенный - банный.
Ergot in the trough! Yaroslavl Greetings to those who wash clothes [SRNG, 15, 1979: 37].
Bit trough. Psk. Unapproved About smth. bad, unsuccessful [POS, 2, 1973: 16]; [POS, 7, 1986: 16].
Put under the trough (brother, sister). Novg., Sib. Marry (get married) before the older brother (sister) [SFS 1972: 148]; [SRNG, 30, 2003: 134]; [Sergeeva 2004: 244].
Broken trough. 1. Psk. Unapproved About a poor, ruined economy. [SIP 2001: 47]. 2. Jarg. they say Joke-iron. About a sick person [Maksimov 2002: 199].
The composition of the FSRN and the principles of selection of phraseological units will correspond to the criteria that guide the compilers of the SRNG in relation to the dialect vocabulary [SRNG, 1, 1965: 5-7]. “Whatever the meaning and origin of a word, it, as a rule, will be included in the Dictionary only if it is not used everywhere, if it is not a word of the modern literary language,” he writes in his project and in the “Introduction” to SRNG F. P. Filin. He makes a significant reservation, which, it seems, is especially relevant in relation to the selection of phraseological dialectisms: “In all cases when a word stands on the verge of dialectal and popular vocabulary or when it is impossible to determine whether the word is dialectal or whether it is widespread everywhere, the issue is resolved in favor of placement of the word in the Dictionary” [SRNG, 1, 1965: 6]. It is for phraseological units that the location “on the verge” of the dialectal and the national is characteristic, and here it is better to cross this line in favor of a shift to the national than to exclude expressions that are relevant for the regional living speech. This selection criterion for the dictionary will be a guide to compiling the FSRNG.
Of the other criteria for selecting dialect material, due to the differential principle, only one will be expanded - relating to proper names. F. P. Filin does not include this category of words in the Dictionary corpus, giving them, as an exception, a place as additional illustrative material at the end of dictionary entries or (very rarely) with a special historical and etymological value of individual names [SRNG, 1, 1965 : 7]. Proper names as a component (often a pivotal one) are of independent value, which is why they are often reflected in the SRNG. The compilers of the FSRN will continue this tradition, expanding a number of "onomastic" phraseological units, for example:
MALANYA * Malanya countless. Perm. Iron. About a person who does not know how to count correctly (1930) [SRNG, 17, 1981: 318].
Malanya, lamb's head. Region A stupid, narrow-minded woman who is easy to fool, deceive (1927) [SRNG, 17, 1981: 318].
Malanya with a box. 1. Irkut. About someone who bothers others somehow. business or your concerns; a fool with a written sack (1967) [SRNG, 17, 1981:
318]. 2. Sib. Joke-iron. About a man who came with a large, but low-value cargo [SFS 1972: 102].
Plowed Malanya backwards. Kar. Joke-iron. About the one who started doing the work incorrectly [SRGC, 5, 2002: 20].
The fixation of proper names in such a type of phraseology (in the broad sense) as folk proverbs is especially appropriate. So, in SRNG (36) the name Savva is not recorded. Nevertheless, it will be included in the section of dialectisms-proverbs of the FSRNG, because proverbs with this name in all respects correspond to the principle of differential selection of dialect material:
SAVVA (SAVA)
SAVAF Sava great glory [Dmitriev 1972: 46].
SAVVA ♦ There was Savva, there was glory [Simoni 1899: 78], [Anikin 1988: 30].
What is Savva, such is [him] and glory [Collection of Tatishchev of the 18th century. 1961: 54], [Kurganov 1793: 130], [Snegirev 1848: 163]; [Dal, a, 1984: 180]; [Dal, b, 1984: 159]; [Shapovalova 1959: 317]; [Sobolev 1956: 63]; [Spirin 1985: 65]; [Anikin 1988: 129]; [LARP 2000: 55]; [SPP 2001: 139].
What is Savva (Sava), such is the glory according to him [Weisman 1731: 400]; .
Savva got up, Khoma siv, and we were taken away by this sim. Kuban. [PPPC 2000: 76].
Savva makes me laugh, but the shroud scares me [Simoni 1899: 141]; [HED XI-
XVII centuries, 25, 2000: 190].
Savva ate the fat, rested, locked himself in, said: he didn’t see it. Eagle. [Dal, a, 1984: 160].
Savva ate the fat, wiped himself off, locked himself in, said: he didn’t see it [Anikin 1988: 279].
Savva grabbed, as a wife sewed a shroud [Dal, b, 1984: 123].
As Savva, so is glory [Dal, b, 1984: 159].
SAVVE + Good Savva good and glory [Snegiryov 1848: 97]; [Dal, b, 1984: 159]; [Zhukov 1966: 133]; [Spirin 1985: 65]; [Anikin 1988: 81].
According to Savva and glory [Dal, b, 1984: 159].
SAVVUf Honored Savva neither in honor nor in glory! [Dal, 4, 1955: 528].
SAVVA+ Glory from Savva, and honor from Persha. Psk. [Peter. galleys. early
XVIII century: 36]; [Shapovalova 1959: 323]; [SPP 2001: 139].
From Savva you want glory, but from dust you seek honor [Simoni 1899: 152].
Today he has Savvas, so tomorrow Barbarians [Dal, a, 1984: 198; Dahl, 4, 1955: 170].
STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY The thesaurus type of the offered Dictionary allows to accept a broad understanding of phraseology. Its corpus will include not only idioms like psk. play giganki "laugh" [POS, 8, 1990: 101] or Sib. ku-mohu (kumoku) to shake "to mess around, to engage in trifles" [SRNG, 16, 1980: 85-86; SFS 1972: 97], but also stable similes (e.g., muzzle clapping zenkami like stuffing "about someone's incessantly blinking eyes" [SRGM, 4, 1986:, 52] or tar. flow of water (e.g., from a tap)" [SSG, 11, 2005: 93] and proverbs - such as those given above with the name Savva. Each category of these language units will receive a special description in separate volumes of the Dictionary. Thus, the objects of description will be presented in three parts - "Dictionary of Russian dialect phraseological units", "Dictionary of Russian dialect comparisons" and "Dictionary of Russian dialect proverbs".
In accordance with the language specifics of these three main types of proverbs, the Dictionary is compositionally laid in the mainstream of a kind of lexicographic "trilogy".
Part I - "Dictionary of Russian Dialect Phraseologisms", which will describe dialect idioms, give their semantic and stylistic characteristics, information about their territorial distribution (area) and interpretation of individual lexical dialectisms that are part of the turnover. Part II - "Dictionary of Russian Dialect Comparisons", which is built according to the same scheme. Part III - "Dictionary of Russian dialect proverbs", where the material is also arranged in alphabetical order of the core word, indicating the written source or geographical characteristics.
Despite the well-known linguistic difference between the three types of proverbs described in the dictionary (phraseologisms-sayings, proverbs and stable comparisons), the compilers tried to present them in a lexicographically similar processing. The structure of a dictionary entry is developed exactly as a dictionary entry, which distinguishes this meeting from many collections of proverbs and sayings, where a common thematic heading replaces both interpretation, and stylistic characteristics, and data on the distribution and frequency of use, and other lexicographic parameters. All such characteristics, if possible, are reflected in the dictionary of Pskov proverbs and sayings.
The proposed structure of the FSRNG has already been tested by us when compiling several dictionaries - primarily in the "Dictionary of Pskov Proverbs and Sayings" (hereinafter SPP 2001) and in our recently released paremiological "trilogy" - "The Big Dictionary of Russian Sayings" [Mokienko, Nikitina, a, 2008 ], "Big Dictionary of Russian Folk Comparisons" [Mokienko, Nikitina, b, 2008] and "Big Dictionary of Russian Proverbs" [Mokienko, Nikitina, Nikolaeva 2010]. The difference between the FSRNG and these already published dictionaries will be significant precisely in terms of reflecting the actual dialect material. In the paremiological "trilogy", colloquial and colloquial units became the main corpus, as well as the phraseology of the Russian literary, bookish language in the fullest possible volume, and in a much wider chronological amplitude: for proverbs, for example, it covered proverbs from the 12th to the 21st centuries.
It is known that paremiological collections, especially in Russia, usually, following V. I. Dahl, systematized the material in thematic order. Thinking about what type of material classification to use in FSRN, the compilers chose a different type - the arrangement in alphabetical order of the core word, which, as a rule, turns out to be the first noun - a component of a saying, comparison or proverb. The location of proverbs, sayings and comparisons along the figurative "core" as their semantic dominant, as it seems, allows you to look deeper into their hidden original meaning. This arrangement makes it possible to reflect a purely linguistic system in which pearls of folk wisdom crystallized. In addition, it is the alphabetic-nesting principle of description that ensures the lexicographic unity of the three parts of the Dictionary, while maintaining the purely linguistic specificity of the units described in each of them.
The purpose of this article is to give general characteristics future dictionary. Only the space limit does not allow us to present in expanded form the structure of the FSRNG dictionary entries, which, of course, includes all the classic parameters of the thesaurus-type dictionary: 1. Alphabetical (according to the core word-noun) arrangement of the material. 2. The form of the described units, a reflection of their options. 3. Interpretations (definitions). 4. Stylistic, geographical and chronological qualification of the material. 5. Context illustrations. 6. Comments and explanations of incomprehensible words and combinations.
Each of these positions could easily be demonstrated with representative examples. This will be done elsewhere.
A tempting task of further lexicographic description of dialectal phraseology at this stage remains, as it seems, its deeper historical, etymological and cultural commentary. The works of such devotees of historical phraseology as V. V. Vinogradov, B. A. Larin, A. M. Babkin, R. N. Popov, L. A. Ivashko, L. Ya. Kostyuchuk, S. G. Shulezhkova and many their followers have already been allowed to reveal different aspects of the life of ancient and modern Russia in the mirror of phraseology. I would like to hope that the work on the "Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects" will give this kind of research a new impetus. For readers who are not versed in philological studies, the very “red word” of our Russian speech, perhaps, will bring aesthetic pleasure. After all, this word is not just a monument of folk literature. This monument is alive and continuously updated, despite its age. The monumental academic Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, the work on which is entering its final stage, can receive its specialized continuation in the projected Phraseological Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects.
LITERATURE
Anikin V.P. Russian proverbs and sayings / ed. V. P. Anikina; foreword
B. P. Anikina; comp. F. M. Selivanov, B. P. Kirdan, V. P. Anikin. - M.: Hood. lit., 1988. - 431 p.
Weisman E. German-Latin and Russian lexicon together with the first beginnings of the Russian language. - St. Petersburg: Type. at Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1731.
Dal V.I. Proverbs of the Russian people. - M.: Hood. lit., 1957. - 992 p.
Dal, a: Dal V.I. Proverbs of the Russian people: in 2 volumes - 3rd ed. - M.: Hood. lit., 1984. - T. 1. - 382 p.
Dal, b: Dal V.I. Proverbs of the Russian people: in 2 volumes - 3rd ed. - M.: Hood. lit., 1984. -T. 2. - 399 p.
Dal V.I. Dictionary of the living Russian language: in 4 volumes - 3rd ed. - M.: State. foreign publishing house and national words., 1955.
Dmitriev L. A. An excerpt from a collection of proverbs of the 17th century. // Handwritten heritage Ancient Rus'. Based on the materials of the Pushkin House / otv. ed. A. M. Panchenko. - L .: Nauka, 1972. -
Zhukov V.P. Dictionary of Russian proverbs and sayings. - M.: Sov. Encycl., 1966. - 535 p.
Kobeleva I. A. Phraseological dictionary of Russian dialects of the Komi Republic. - Syktyvkar: Syktyvkar. state un-t, 2004. - 312 p.
Kurganov N.G. Letterer. Collection of various Russian proverbs. - 5th ed. - St. Petersburg: Type. at Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1793. - 800 p.
Maksimov B. B. Filter the market. Dictionary of youth jargon of the city of Magnitogorsk. OK. 31500 words and set phrases / preparation of the manuscript for publication. and intro. article by S. G. Shulezhkova. - Magnitogorsk: MaSU 2002. - 506 p.
Mokienko V.M. Images of Russian speech. - M.: LGU, 1986. - 278 p.
Mokienko V. M., Nikitina T. G. Dictionary of Russian abuse (matisms, obscenisms, euphemisms). - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2003. - 448 p.
Mokienko, Nikitina 2008, a: Mokienko V. M., Nikitina T. G. Big Dictionary Russian proverbs. More than 40,000 figurative expressions / ed. ed. prof. V. M. Mokienko. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2008. - 784 p.
Mokienko, Nikitina 2008, b: Mokienko V. M., Nikitina T. G. A large dictionary of Russian comparisons. More than 45,000 figurative expressions / ed. ed. prof. V. M. Mokienko. - M.: "OLMA Media Group", 2008. - 800 p.
Mokienko V.M., Nikitina T.G., Nikolaeva E.K. A large dictionary of Russian proverbs. OK. 70,000 proverbs / ed. ed. prof. V. M. Mokienko. - M.: OLMA Media Group, 2010. - 1024 p.
MFS 1972: Prokosheva K.N. Materials for the phraseological dictionary of dialects of the northern Kama region. - Perm: Perm. ped. in-t, 1972. - 114 p.
POS: Pskov regional dictionary with historical data. Issue. 1-20. - L.-SPb.: LGU-SPbGU 1967-2009 (ed. continues).
PPZK 2002: Proverbs, sayings and riddles of the Kuban / comp. L. B. Martynenko, I. V. Uvarova / ed. L. A. Stepanova. - Krasnodar: Kuban. state un-t, 2002. - 167 p.
Prokosheva K. N. Phraseological dictionary of Perm dialects. - Perm: Perm. state ped. un-t, 2002. - 432 p.
Shapovalova G. G. Pskov handwritten collection of proverbs of the 18th century. // Russian folklore. Materials and research. - T. IV. - M.; L.: AN SSSR, 1959. - S. 305-330.
SBG: Dictionary of Bryansk dialects. Issue. 1-5. - L .: LGPI im. A. I. Herzen, 1976-1988.
Collection of Tatishchev of the 18th century: Proverbs, sayings, riddles in handwritten collections of the 18th-20th centuries: Collection of proverbs by V.N. Tatishchev / ed. prepared M. Ya. Melts, V. V. Mitrofanova, G. G. Shapovalova. - M.; L.: AN SSSR, 1961. -292 p.
Sergeeva LN Materials for the ideographic dictionary of Novgorod phraseological units. - Veliky Novgorod: NovGU, 2004. - 307 p.
Simoni P.K. Ancient collections of Russian proverbs, sayings, riddles and so on. XVII-XK centuries / collected and prepared for publication by P. Simoni. - St. Petersburg: Department of Russian. lang. and literature Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1899. -!-HK. - 216 p. - Issue. I-II.
Snegirev I. M. Russian folk proverbs and parables published by I. M. Snegirev, with preface. and additional - M.: University. type. - 1848. - 503 p.
Sobolev A.I. Folk proverbs and sayings. - M.: Moskov. worker, 1956. - 155 p.
Spirin A.S. Russian proverbs. Collection of Russian folk proverbs and sayings, proverbs, gossips, sentences, sayings, popular expressions literary origin. - Rostov n/a: Rostov. state un-t, 1985. - 208 p.
SPP: Dictionary of Pskov proverbs and sayings / comp. V. M. Mokienko, T. G. Nikitina; scientific ed. L. A. Ivashko. 13,000 units. - St. Petersburg: Norint, 2001. - 176 p.
SRGC: Dictionary of Russian dialects of Karelia and adjacent regions / chapters. ed. A. S. Gerd. - St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University, 1994-2005. - Issue. 1-6.
SRGM: Dictionary of Russian dialects on the territory of the Mordovian ASSR / ed. T. V. Mikhaleva. - Saransk: Mordov. state un-t., 1978-2006. - T. 1-8.
SRNG: Dictionary of Russian folk dialects / ed. F. P. Filin and F. P. Sorokoletov. - L.-SPb.: Science, 1965-2010. - Issue. 1-43 (ed. ongoing).
SSG: Dictionary of Smolensk dialects / otv. editors: L. Z. Boyarinova, A. I. Ivanova. - Smolensk: SGPI (SGPU), 1974-2005. - Issue. 1-11.
Stavshina N. A. Phraseological dictionary of Russian dialects of the Lower Pechora. dictionary project. - Syktyvkar: Komi state. ped. in-t, 2007. - 22 p.
SFS: Dictionary of phraseological units and other stable phrases of Russian dialects of Siberia / comp. N. T. Bukhareva, A. I. Fedorov. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1972. - 207 p.
FSRNG: Phraseological dictionary of Russian folk dialects / comp. V. M. Mokienko, T. G. Nikitina, E. K. Nikolaeva; scientific ed. V. M. Mokienko. (Project).
FSS: Phraseological dictionary of Russian dialects of Siberia / comp. L. G. Panin, L. V. Petropavlovskaya, A. I. Postnova, A. I. Fedorov; ed. A. I. Fedorova. - Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1983. - 232 p.
Geyr H. Sprichwörter und sprichwortnahe Bildungen im dreisprachigen Petersburger Lexikon von 1731 / H. Geyr (Symbolae slavicae. Bd. 13). - Frankfurt am Main - Bern: Peter Lang Verlag, 1981. - 234 s.
THE CONCEPT OF "THE DICTIONARY OF RUSSIAN DIALECTAL SET
The publication of the "Dicionary of Russian Dialects" edited by F. P. Filin, F. P. Sorokoletov and S. A. Myznikov became an important landmark in lexicography all over the world. Using this dictionary as a model a group of St. Petersburg linguists (V. M. Mokiyenko, T. G. Nikitina, Ye.K. Nikolayeva) intend to compile "The Dictionary of Russian Dialectal Set Phrases". It will contain a considerably enlarged corpus of dialectalset phrases with unified material presentation and detailed phraseological parameters. The paper discusses the main principles of the dictionary structure.
Key words: phraseological dictionary, dialects, lexicography, phraseography, phraseological parameters.
The development of linguistics over the century that has passed since the publication of the “Experience of the Regional Great Russian Dictionary” and “Additions” to it, the need to attract new data for the historical lexicology and phraseology of the Russian language, for the comparative historical study of the Slavic languages and their relations with non-Slavic languages, have made the urgent need for new regional dictionary, covering the lexical richness of all Russian dialects.
The concept of the Dictionary and the principles of its construction were developed by F.P. Filin in the “Project of the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects”.
The dictionary includes dialect vocabulary and phraseology of all Russian folk dialects of the 19th - 20th centuries. The sources of the dictionary are numerous and varied. These are published dictionaries and dictionaries that were published in various editions; articles devoted to dialect vocabulary, ethnographic descriptions, folklore collections; handwritten materials of the archives Geographic Society, Academy of Sciences, vocabulary card index of the Institute of the Russian Language of the Academy of Sciences - Institute of Linguistic Research; dictionary supplements for dissertations. Thus, the Dictionary contains, if possible, all dialect words and meanings collected over 200 years in all regions of Russia.
The dictionary of the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects (hereinafter SRNG) includes about 240 thousand words. The definition of values is given in an explanatory-translational way. If a dialect word has lexical matches in a literary language, the meaning is determined using these literary words (one or a group of synonyms): arutka ‘ cloth', row‘disdain’, juicy'cheesecake'. Words that do not coincide in meaning with the words of the literary language or do not have lexical correspondences" in the literary language receive a descriptive definition: adamovik‘white deer fur’, bakaldina‘bump or pothole in the road’, subside‘fall apart, grow into the ground’. In necessary cases, elements of the encyclopedic definition are introduced: help'V Orthodox calendar- a two-week fast before the church feast of the Assumption Holy Mother of God, Dormition fast from 14 to 28 August. (from August 1 to August 15 O.S.)’.
The meanings of the word and stable combinations are illustrated with examples from the sources of the Dictionary. The illustrations are arranged in chronological order and are usually given in modern orthography with the preservation of stress and some phonetic and morphological features. Since the summary dictionary contains a variety of records of dialects, both modern and from sources of the 19th century, the compilers of the SRNG, as well as the compilers of the "Experience" and "Additions", are very much dependent on the quality of the material. However, to date, quite a lot of information has already been accumulated on various dialects, which makes the dictionary a truly representative reflection of Russian dialects. Words receive a detailed grammatical description, are accompanied by marks that specify the scope of use, the degree of their use, the year of recording. Many articles provide phraseological material, while borrowing, etymological information is given.
Examples of dictionary entries.
RENKA And RYONKA,and. 1. Renka. Hostility, hatred; malice. Lebed., Tamb., Tsvetkov. Petka Koshatnikov and Volodka will fight… I don’t know, maybe they have some sort of reputation . Ryaz., Don. ◊ Drive Renka. Angry, harm, revenge. Mosal. Kaluga, Dal. Eagle, Raven.◊ Renku to keep on smb. Same as to have a reputation. Ardat. Nizhegorsk, Dal. Ural.◊ Renku to have on smb. To have a tooth, to have a dislike for someone; take revenge. Mosal. Kaluga, Archive of the Russian Geographical Society. Kaluga. You never know who he has money for ... so he will take revenge . Ryaz. Who had money on whom, goes to say goodbye . Don. He had a reputation for a long time after that. . Ural, Kama region. // Quarrel, scandal. Swan. Tamb., Tsvetkov. It was through the piglets that we got the renka. Went renka, guy on guy, and a fight. Ryaz. Kaluga. ◊ In ranks. In a quarrel. Swan. Tamb., Tsvetkov. // Renka. Displeasure. Vlad. Vlad., 1847.
2. Ronka. Jealousy. Vlad. Vlad., 1847. - Wed. Remka.
RENKY, oh oh; renok, renka. 1. Trotting, hot (of a horse). Kashin. Tver., 1897. The horse is renky, but there is not much running in it. Yaroslavl // Hot, but unbearable (of a horse). Renka is a horse, her groin is a quarter, she immediately loses her appearance, she does not hold her fat, she needs to be fed all the time, enough for an hour, and then she needs to be unharnessed. Upper Ural. Chelyab., 1962.
2. timid (of a horse). Tver., 1927.
RANKOY, ah, oh. Jealous. I have a young husband renkoy, He will not let go for a walk ( song). Ohhan. Perm., 1903-1910.
Scheme of a dictionary entry per word:
TURNIP, and. 1. Swede. (Moscow, Chuvash, Kaliningrad) ♦ Vegetable. (Bryan.)
2. Potato. (Ryaz.)
3. Clover. (Sib.)
4. Cuff, herbaceous plant with greenish flowers and folded leaves. (Sverdl.)
5. Wild turnip. The plant Malva borealis Wallm. (Nizhegor., Annenkov).
6. About a chubby girl, a woman. (Bryan.)◊ Turnip turnip. About a girl, a woman with a very wide, fat face. (Bryan.)
7. In combinations. ◊ Sweet turnip. Cm. Ice-cold. ◊ Turnip meat. Wish that the meat was soft, like a turnip, tasty. (Sib., Sverdl.)◊ Soak turnips. Cut the turnip into thin slices. (Vlad.)
8. In sayings and proverbs. ◊ Hungry Fedot and turnip on the hunt. (Vlad.)◊ Cabbage and turnips are not crepe belly. (Dal).◊ Turnip belly is not crepe. (Pomor.)◊ Turnips and peas are sown for thieves. (KASSR)◊ Although the turnip is without bones, and on that bark (bitter) (Arch.)
~ Exactly like a tug from a turnip. About a person useless in some relation. (Ivan.) Sow turnips. Vomit, regurgitate food. (Vyat.) Sit like a washed turnip. to be important, to be important. (Don.) At least sing mother's turnip. About a decisive refusal to an importunate petitioner. (Tver.)
The dictionary reflects the folk material and spiritual folk culture. So, in the article on the word snake the first meaning is ‘male snake (Archang.)’ and use branno (Kalin.); the second meaning is ‘Snake-Garadei folk. A fabulous creature in conspiracies from the evil eye. (Smoo.)'; third - ' In folk beliefs - a spirit that comes to someone who misses a person who has died or left home. (Simb., Ufim.)'; fourth - ' In folk beliefs - a demon that flies to seduce widows. (Ryaz., Tul.)'. Combinations Zmei-Zmeevich are given (Kursk), Serpent-Lubak (Smoo.), fiery serpent (Psk.) In the fifth sense - Meteorite (Arch.)– the combination of the fiery serpent was also fixed (Don., Kostroma.) 6. – “One of the stars of Ursa Major; according to popular belief, this star walks only in some places, and where it stops on Ivan's Day, in that place people will be happy and rich ”(Psk.) 7. A fabulous creature that brings wealth to the house. (Smol.) 8. Serpent fiery. About the steam locomotive. (symb.) At the end of the article, folklore combinations of the Serpent-Gorynishche are given. (Smoo.) and the flying serpent (Smoo.)
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The document cannot be digitized. The printed version of the publication is in the funds of VOUNB them. I. V. Babushkina. Inv. No. PIV - 1283494
Dilaktorsky P. A. Dictionary of the regional Vologda dialect in its everyday and ethnographic application: [in 4 books]. Tetr. 2. I - N / collected and comp. P. Dilaktorsky. - [B. m.: b. i., b. G.]. - OK. 200 s. - A photocopy of the manuscript.
The document cannot be digitized. The printed version of the publication is in the funds of VOUNB them. I. V. Babushkina. Inv. No. PIV -1283495
Dilaktorsky P. A. Dictionary of the regional Vologda dialect in its everyday and ethnographic application: [in 4 books]. Tetr. 3. O - R. / collected and comp. P. Dilaktorsky. - [B. m.: b. i., b. G.]. - OK. 200 s. - A photocopy of the manuscript.
The document cannot be digitized. The printed version of the publication is in the funds of VOUNB them. I. V. Babushkina. Inv. No. PIV -1283496
Dilaktorsky P. A. Dictionary of the regional Vologda dialect in its everyday and ethnographic application: [in 4 books]. Tetr. 4. S - I / collected and comp. P. Dilaktorsky. - [B. m.: b. i., b. G.]. - OK. 200 s. - A photocopy of the manuscript.
The document cannot be digitized. The printed version of the publication is in the funds of VOUNB them. I. V. Babushkina. Inv. No. PIV -1283497
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