Is there a phraseological unit? What do you know about phraseological units? Hit face in the dirt
Phraseologisms are popular expressions that do not have an author. Authorship doesn't matter. These “highlights” have become firmly established in our language, and are perceived as a natural element of speech, coming from the people, from the depths of centuries.
Phraseologisms are a decoration of speech. Imagery, which is easily perceived in native speech, becomes a stumbling block in a foreign language. We absorb our language model with mother's milk.
For example, when you say “a storehouse of knowledge”, you don’t think about the fact that a storehouse is a well! Because when you say this, you don’t mean a well at all, but an intelligent person, from whom, like from a well, you can draw useful information.
Phraseologisms and their meanings Examples
The meaning of phraseological units is to give an emotional coloring to an expression and enhance its meaning.
Since water plays a big role in human life, it is not surprising that there are so many phraseological units associated with it:
- Water doesn't cloud your mind.
- Water doesn't cry for water.
- The water is breaking the dam.
- Water will find a way.
Below, as examples, are phraseological units that are somehow related to water:
Beat the key– about a stormy, eventful, fertile life: by analogy with a gushing spring in comparison with calmly flowing sources of water.
Fight like a fish on ice- persistent but vain efforts, fruitless activities
Storm in a teacup- great anxiety over a trivial matter.
Written on the water with a pitchfork– it is not yet known how it will be, the outcome is not clear, by analogy: “grandmother said in two”
You can't spill it with water- about strong friendship
Carry water in a sieve- waste time, do useless things Similar to: pounding water in a mortar
I put water in my mouth- is silent and doesn't want to answer
Carry water(on sb.) - burden him with hard work, taking advantage of his flexible nature
Still waters run deep- about someone who is quiet, humble only in appearance
Come out dry from water- without bad consequences, go unpunished
Bring to light- to expose, to catch in a lie
Drive the wave- carry gossip, provoke scandals
Ninth wave- severe test (high wave)
Money is like water — meaning the ease with which they are spent
To stay afloat — be able to cope with circumstances and conduct business successfully
Blow on water after getting burned on milk- be overly cautious, remembering past mistakes
Wait by the sea for weather- wait for favorable conditions that are unlikely to happen
From empty to empty (pour)- engage in empty, meaningless reasoning
As two drops of water- similar, indistinguishable
Like looking into the water- foresaw, accurately predicted events, as if he knew in advance
How he sank into the water- disappeared without a trace, disappeared without a trace
Down in the mouth- sad, sad
It's raining like buckets- heavy rain
Like water through your fingers- one who easily escapes persecution
How do you not know the ford? , then don't go into the water- warning not to take hasty action
How to give something to drink- accurately, undoubtedly, easily, quickly; as easy as giving a traveler a drink
Like a fish in water- very well oriented, understand something well, feel confident
Like water off a duck's back- no one cares about anything
Out of the blue- unexpectedly, suddenly
A drop wears away a stone — 0b perseverance and perseverance
Sink into oblivion- To be consigned to oblivion, to disappear without a trace and forever
Crocodile tears- insincere compassion
Swim in gold- to be very rich
The ice has broken- the matter has begun
Fish in troubled waters- to benefit for oneself without advertising it
Much water has passed under the bridge(since then) - a lot of time has passed
Reckless- about a decisive, gallant, courageous person
Sea of tears- cry a lot
Darker than a cloud- very angry
Muddy the waters- deliberately confuse, confuse or cause confusion
On the wave of success- take advantage of the opportunity
On the crest of a wave- is in favorable conditions
At the bottom- low (including in a figurative sense)
Build up the atmosphere- exaggerate the seriousness of the situation
You cannot enter the same river (water) twice- you can enter the stream of water again, but it will no longer be the same, because in life you cannot repeat some moments, you cannot experience them twice
If we don't wash, we'll just ride- not in one way, but in another, by any means (to achieve something, to annoy someone). The expression comes from the speech of village washerwomen
Slurping not salty- return profit-free
Live from bread to water- to be in poverty, to starve
To pour (water) from empty to empty- engage in monotonous, meaningless activities
Washing the bones- to slander, gossip, gossip about someone
Fill up the cup- make you nervous
To go with the flow- submit to the influence of circumstances, the course of events
After the rain on Thursday- never. The phraseological unit is associated with the veneration of the god Perun (the god of thunder and lightning) by the ancient Slavs. Thursday was dedicated to him. In Christian times the expression began to express complete distrust
Last straw- something after which a turning point occurs
Pass fire, water and copper pipes- survive life's trials, difficult situations
A dime a dozen- a large number of
Flog a dead horse- a useless matter Similarly:
Pound water in a mortar- engage in useless, empty work
Seventh water on jelly- distant relatives
Seven feet under the keel- have a good, unobstructed road
Don't drink water from your face- they persuade you to love a person not for external data, but for internal qualities or other less visible advantages.
Hide the ends in water- hide traces of the crime.
Quieter than water, below the grass- behave modestly, inconspicuously
Wash your hands- to distance yourself from something, to relieve oneself of responsibility for something. Among some ancient peoples, judges and prosecutors performed a symbolic ritual as a sign of their impartiality: they washed their hands. The expression became widespread thanks to the Gospel legend, according to which Pilate, forced to agree to the execution of Jesus, washed his hands in front of the crowd and said: “I am innocent of the blood of this Righteous One.”
This page presents phraseological units of various kinds, everything is described in detail and laid out on shelves so that everything is convenient. Otherwise they are called phraseological units. These are phrases that, in terms of the composition of their words, do not correspond to the true words, but at the same time are consistent in meaning. Proverbs and sayings don't count :-)
As you have already noticed, they are sorted into groups. The most popular of them relate to water, body parts (nose, tongue, etc.) and bread. And also about animals and food. So, let's go.
Phraseologisms with the word “water” and related ones
Storm in a teacup– strong excitement or irritability over trifles.
Written on the water with a pitchfork– purely theoretically; that is, it is unknown what will happen next.
Carry water in a sieve- waste time in vain, idle.
Take water into your mouth- remain silent, as if your mouth was really full of water.
Bring to clean water- to reveal the truth, expose, find out the true face.
Come out dry from water- go unpunished, without consequences.
Drive the wave– provoke aggression, make unnecessary noise.
Money is like water– they leak very quickly, and getting them back is not so easy.
To stay afloat– continue to develop despite difficulties and conduct business successfully.
Wait by the sea for weather- expect pleasant events that are unlikely to happen.
Life abounds– when life is full of bright events, does not stand still.
Like looking into the water– he predicted, as if he knew in advance. By analogy with fortune telling by water.
How he sank into the water- disappeared, disappeared without a trace.
Down in the mouth- about sadness, sadness.
Like water through your fingers- about what goes away quickly and unnoticed. Usually in pursuit.
As two drops of water– very similar.
How to give something to drink- very simple; definitely, definitely.
Like water off a duck's back– it doesn’t matter. Similar to phraseology - Come out dry from water.
Out of the blue- about a sharply approaching event. Unexpectedly, suddenly, out of nowhere.
Sink into oblivion- disappear forever, fall into oblivion.
Swim in gold– about very rich people.
The ice has broken- about the beginning of a business.
Pour water– show negativity, provoke.
Much water has passed under the bridge– a lot of time has passed.
Reckless– about a brave man who doesn’t care about anything.
Darker than a cloud- about excessive anger.
Muddy the waters- to confuse, confuse.
On top of the wave- be in favorable conditions.
Don't spill the water- about strong, inseparable friendship.
Pour from empty to empty
To go with the flow– act passively, submitting to the prevailing circumstances.
Underwater rocks– about any hidden danger, trick, obstacle.
After the rain on Thursday- never, or not at all soon.
Last straw- about an event in which a person’s patience runs out.
Pass fire, water and copper pipes- go through difficult tests, difficult situations.
A dime a dozen- a lot, a lot.
Don't drink water from your face– to love a person not for his appearance, but for his inner qualities.
Get it from the bottom of the sea- solve any problem without looking at any difficulties.
Hide the ends in water- hide traces of the crime.
Quieter than water, below the grass- about quiet, modest behavior.
Pound water in a mortar- engage in useless work.
Wash your hands– to evade participation or responsibility in any matter.
Clean water- about something obvious, without any doubt.
Phraseologisms with the word “nose” and other parts of the body
Mutter under your breath– grumble, speak indistinctly.
hang your nose- to become despondent, to become upset.
Lead by the nose- to deceive, to tell a lie.
Chin up!- a command not to be discouraged, not to be upset.
Turn up one's nose- to put oneself above others, to put on airs, to imagine oneself to be in charge.
Nick down- remember it completely.
Nodding off- doze off with your head hanging low.
Wrinkle your nose- reflect on a difficult task.
On the nose- about an event that should happen in the near future.
Can't see beyond your nose- limit yourself to yourself, not notice what is happening around you.
Nose to nose or Face to face– very close, on the contrary, very close.
Keep your nose to the wind– be aware of all events, make the right decision.
Stay with your nose or Leave with your nose- do without what you were counting on.
Right under your nose- Very close.
With a gulkin nose- about a pigeon that has a small nose, that is, very little.
Poking your nose into none of your business- about excessive curiosity.
Poking your nose- that is, until you poke your nose, he won’t see it himself.
Wipe your nose– to prove one’s superiority, to defeat someone.
bury your nose- to become completely immersed in something.
Talk through your teeth- that is, speak indistinctly, barely opening your mouth.
Charm your teeth- divert attention from the essence of the conversation.
Know by heart- that is, to know deeply and firmly.
Bare your teeth or Show teeth- snap, get angry; mock.
Too tough- not possible.
Not even a kick- do nothing, know nothing.
Put your teeth on the shelf- to starve, to be bored, to lack something.
Grit your teeth- go into battle without despair. Restrain yourself without showing your weakness.
Keep your mouth shut- be silent, don’t say a word.
Long tongue- about a person who loves to talk a lot.
Bite your tongue- refrain from words.
Loosen your tongue- talk too much without refraining.
Tongue swallow- to remain silent, having no desire to speak.
Be careful– be careful to avoid an emergency.
Keep your ears on top- be careful, careful, do not trust anyone.
For the eyes and ears- about giving too much time to do something.
You can't see your ears- about an item that will never be obtained.
Blush up to your ears- be very ashamed, embarrassed.
Hang your ears– listen with excessive enthusiasm, trust everything.
Eyes popped out of my head- about sincere surprise, amazement.
Eyes lit up- to passionately want something.
Shoot with eyes- look expressively, flirtatiously at someone.
Like an eyesore- to disturb someone, to bother someone.
Pull the wool over someone's eyes- create a false, overly pleasant impression of yourself. Boast.
From point of view– about someone’s opinion, judgment on a particular topic.
Look through your fingers– look attentively at the problem, do not be picky.
Ogle- to attract attention, to suck up.
You can't put it in your mouth– about food prepared tastelessly.
Lip no fool- about a person who knows how to choose something to his taste.
Pout lips- make a dissatisfied face, be offended.
Roll out your lip- want a lot with minimal opportunities.
With your mouth open- listen attentively; be surprised.
Out of my head- about forgetfulness, inattention.
Have a head on your shoulders- be smart, quick-witted.
Puzzle over- think intensely, intensely, trying to understand something.
Fool your head- to deceive, fool, confuse.
From head to toes- completely, at full height.
Turn it upside down- to give the opposite meaning to something, to distort.
Headlong- very fast.
Hit face in the dirt- to disgrace yourself, to disgrace yourself in front of someone.
Be at hand- about something accessible, close.
Keep yourself in control- maintain composure, be restrained.
As if taken off by hand– about quickly passing pain, illness.
Bite your elbows- regret what you did, with the impossibility of going back.
Working hard- perform work diligently, without interruptions.
Hand in hand– about a joint, agreed upon deal or friendship.
Just a stone's throw– about an object that is nearby, very close.
Grab with both hands- take on any task with pleasure.
Skillful fingers- about a talented person who skillfully copes with any job.
Get off on the wrong foot- wake up without a mood.
Wipe your feet (on someone)– to cause harm, to get on one’s nerves, to annoy.
Doing your feet- go, move.
Stepping on your toes- to catch up with someone or pursue someone, hanging on him.
Feet to hands- do something immediately.
The devil himself will break his leg- about disorder, chaos in business or anywhere.
Get knocked off your feet- to be very tired in some activity or path.
Phraseologisms with the word “bread”
There is bread for free- do not bring any benefit.
And then the bread- about having at least something rather than nothing at all.
On your own bread– live on your own salary, without the opportunity of anyone else.
Not by bread alone– about a person who lives not only materially, but also spiritually.
Beating bread– deprive the opportunity to earn money by taking away work.
Subsist from bread to kvass (to water)- live in poverty, starve.
Sit down on bread and water– eat the cheapest food, save on food.
Daily bread– about what is necessary for human life, his existence.
Bread and salt- a dear greeting to guests, an invitation to the table.
Meal'n'Real!– a cry about presenting vital priorities.
Don't feed me bread– about a very busy or rich person who is not hungry.
Phraseologisms on the topic of cuisine and food
Free cheese- bait that lures into a trap.
Boil in your own juice- live your life. Or help yourself without the help of others.
Not worth a damn- about something that is insignificant and not worth any expense.
Donut hole- about something empty, without any content.
To slurp jelly seven miles away- to go somewhere without special need.
Brew the porridge- create a problem, they say, you started it yourself - solve it yourself.
And you can’t lure me with a roll- about someone who cannot be forced to change his mind.
Like chickens in cabbage soup- about getting into unexpected trouble. Kur is “rooster” in Old Russian.
Like clockwork– very simple, without difficulties.
Live like a lord– about a profitable, comfortable life.
You can't cook porridge- about joint action with someone with whom there will be no benefit.
Milk rivers, jelly banks– about a fabulous, fully prosperous life.
Not at ease- feel awkward. In an uncomfortable situation.
Slurping unsalted- not getting what they expected. To no avail.
Not for any reason- analogue of phraseological unit And you can’t lure me with a roll.
Neither fish nor fowl- about an ordinary person who does not have anything bright or expressive.
Cut off slice– about a person living independently, independent of others.
Professor of sour cabbage soup- about a person talking about things about which he himself does not really know.
Easier than steamed turnips– it couldn’t be simpler, or very simple.
To fix the mess- solve complex, neglected problems.
The fish rots from the head– if the government is bad, then the subordinates will become the same.
Hot on the side- about someone or something unnecessary, optional, secondary.
Seventh water on jelly– about distant relatives who are difficult to identify.
Eat the dog- about any business with a rich amount of experience.
Grated kalach– about a person with rich life experience who does not get lost in difficult situations.
Horseradish is not sweeter than radish- about an insignificant exchange for something that is not better.
Worse than bitter radish- about something completely unbearable, intolerable.
Nonsense on vegetable oil- about something that doesn’t deserve any attention. Absurdity.
After an hour, a teaspoon– about inactive, unproductive work.
Phraseologisms with animals
Chasing two birds with one stone- trying to do two things at the same time.
To make mountains out of molehills- greatly exaggerate.
Teasing the geese- to irritate someone, to cause anger.
No brainer (Goat knows)- about something very clear, obvious.
And the wolves are fed, and the sheep are safe- about a situation in which both here and there are good.
Look for tails– look for sources for cooperation in any enterprise.
Like a cat and a dog– living together with constant swearing.
Like a chicken paw- to do something carelessly, sloppily, crookedly.
Like chicken and egg- about any item that is difficult to part with.
Like a mouse on a grain- sulk, express dissatisfaction, resentment.
When the cancer on the mountain whistles- never, or not at all soon.
Cats scratch at my soul– about a sad, difficult state or mood.
Crocodile tears– crying for no reason, compassion for a non-existent sign.
Chickens laugh- stupid, ridiculous, absurd, funny.
Chickens don't peck- about a person having a lot of money.
The lion's share- a big advantage in favor of something. The biggest part.
Martyshkin's work- a useless process of work, wasted effort.
The bear stepped on my ear– about a person without an ear for music.
Bearish angle- a provincial, remote, deaf place. Far from civilization.
Disservice- help that brings more evil than good.
Cast pearls before swine- to conduct intelligent conversations in front of fools who have little understanding.
You can't get there on a crooked goat- about a person who is difficult to approach.
On a bird's license- not have legal grounds or security for anything.
Not for horse feed (oats)– about efforts that do not produce the expected results.
Don't sew the mare's tail– completely unnecessary, out of place.
I'll show you where crayfish spend the winter- prediction of revenge, undesirable position.
Let the red rooster go- commit arson, start a fire.
Bird's-eye– from a great height, giving an overview of a large space.
Put the pig down- to do a mischief, to do something unpleasant.
Watch the ram at the new gate- to look at something with a stupid expression.
Dog cold– severe cold causing discomfort.
Counting crows- yawn, be inattentive to something.
A dark horse- an incomprehensible, little-known person.
Pull the cat's tail– delay the matter, work very slowly.
Kill two birds with one stone- solve two problems at the same time.
Even if a wolf howls– about any situation without the possibility of changing it for the better.
The black cat ran- break off friendly relations, quarrel.
Phraseologisms with objects, other phraseological units
Lost hour- for a long time.
Beat your head- do simple, not so important things.
Abandon to fate– leave somewhere without helping or showing interest.
Put a spoke in wheel- to interfere, to deliberately disturb someone.
go around the mountain- to accomplish some great deed.
Keep in line- treat someone strictly, for the good of your will.
Keep your pocket wider– about too high and unrealistic hopes and expectations.
From dirt to Kings- suddenly and dramatically achieve amazing success.
Out of the ordinary– different from everything ordinary, special.
Reinvent the wheel– try to make something from an already proven, reliable means.
From time immemorial- a long time ago, a very long time ago.
A stone has fallen from my soul (from my heart)- a feeling of relief when getting rid of something oppressive.
Oil painting- everything came together well and beautifully.
Roll a barrel- behave aggressively towards someone.
Mom don't worry- about something extraordinary, going beyond the ordinary understanding of things.
Exchange an awl for soap It’s a pointless thing to exchange one useless thing for another.
Cover yourself with a copper basin– suddenly and abruptly disappear, deteriorate; die.
Found a scythe on a stone– faced with an irreconcilable contradiction of opinions and interests.
Does not burn– not so important, not urgent.
Not far away– nearby, not too distant in time or space.
I don't dare- not simple, not stupid.
It is too expensive– about the discrepancy between someone’s income and financial capabilities.
From our table to yours– about the transfer of any property to another person.
Shelve- quit something for an indefinite period of time.
Go too far- to be overly zealous in something.
The song is sung- the end has come for someone or something.
On the shoulder- about the ability to cope with something.
Essentially– naturally, of course.
Add fuel to the fire– deliberately aggravate the conflict, provoke.
The train left- time has passed to do something.
One, two - and I miscalculated- about something in small quantities that is easy to count.
Born in a shirt- about a very lucky man who miraculously escaped tragedy.
Make ends meet- have difficulty coping with financial difficulties.
Move a mountain- a lot to do.
Sit on pins and needles- to be impatient, waiting, wanting to achieve something.
At least henna– about the indifference of a person who doesn’t care about someone else’s misfortune.
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Phraseologisms are the national wealth of the language. They enliven speech and make it colorful. Sustained phrases act as an expressive stylistic means. Without them, it is difficult to imagine a text rich in speech patterns. They revive and fill with images, the texts begin to live a new life.
In a work of art - the technique of characterizing the hero, creating a vivid character, spectacular pictures of reality along with metaphors and.
General concept of phraseological units
Phraseologism is a ready-made stable speech pattern with a single, holistic meaning. Stability means the relative constancy of the lexical (component) composition.
| Phraseologism | The meaning of phraseology |
| keep a stone in your bosom | bear a grudge against someone |
| how to give something to drink | exactly, undoubtedly |
| bring to a white heat | to a state of intense irritation, anger |
| reach a dead end | find yourself in a bind |
| small fry | a person who has no power or influence |
| wash dirty linen in public | reveal family secrets |
| smoke sky | live in idleness |
| like uncut dogs | a lot of |
| take the bull by the horns | decisively begin an important task |
| digging through dirty laundry | show interest in details of someone's personal life |
| build castles in the air | come up with impossible plans |
| cover your tracks | hide something that could serve as evidence |
| take water into your mouth | stubbornly remain silent |
| slurping unsalted | be deceived in one's expectations |
| without hind legs | 1) be exhausted, extremely tired; 2) sleep soundly |
| hold your tail with a gun | try to appear cheerful, independent |
Phraseology studies stable phrases (Greek. phrasis- "expression", logos- “teaching”). All constant speech patterns of the language are called “phraseology”.
In a broad sense, phraseological units are proverbs and sayings, catchphrases - all complete phrases or phrases.
Examples:
- And the casket simply opened;
- all familiar faces;
- the tongue chatters, but the head does not know;
- a husband loves a healthy wife, and a brother loves a rich sister;
- terrible situation.
Phraseologism is a unique linguistic unit. Externally, in structure, it is similar to phrases - it consists of two or more component words.
They differ in that the words in it lose their independent lexical meaning.
The meaning of a phraseological unit is not the sum of the meanings of the components, as in a free phrase - green + field = green field, but is completely different - brew + porridge = “start a complex and unpleasant business”, sideways + get out = “do not pass without a trace, end badly.” The meaning follows from a stable phrase and expresses one concept. It is the same in meaning.
Phraseologisms have the property of impenetrability: a new component cannot be introduced into their structure. They are characterized by a stable sequence of words.
Other terms for defining phraseological units are idiom (Greek. idioma– “special property”), phraseological unit, phraseme, set phrase, phraseological turn. In any language, phraseological units are individual, they need to be understood. They are not translated word for word into another language.
Lexical meaning of phraseological units
Like words, phraseological units serve as names of actions, phenomena, states, objects, signs. Some of them combine expressive coloring with meaning.
Expressiveness is understood as the presence of an evaluative component, informational “redundancy” in contrast to a neutral word: tuck your tail between your legs, talk about lofty matters- ironic, from rags to riches, clearing up the mess- disapprovingly, monkey labor, oatmeal forehead- contemptuously, smoking room alive, wait to eat- jokingly.
Phraseologisms sound like free phrases. This phenomenon is defined as homonymy:
- give up while charging and give up in the meaning of “to lose the desire to do something”;
- cast a fishing rod into the lake and cast a fishing rod meaning “to hint at something.”
Ideoms that have several meanings will be homonymous: close your eyes– be close to the dying person in the last minutes of life; hide, keep silent about something; deliberately not paying attention, not noticing something.
Phraseologisms that are close in meaning are combined into synonymous rows. Examples: “very quickly” (run, escape) – one foot here, the other there, with all your might, as if on fire, with all your blades.
From stable figures of speech you can also form pairs that are opposite in meaning (antonyms): a yellow-throated chick is a shot sparrow, soul to soul - like a cat and a dog, lose your temper - pull yourself together, stick to your line - dance to someone else's tune.
Origin of phraseological units
Sustained phrases are not created spontaneously during oral communications and written speech. These are ready-made lexical units with a known meaning. Etymology (a branch of linguistics) studies phraseological units and their origin.
Most of them came into the literary language from folklore: sealed, milk rivers, self-assembled tablecloth, good fellow, red maiden. Many phrases are associated with ancient rituals, now forgotten.
Many phraseological units came from vocabulary: get into tune, play first violin– from musicians; the game is not worth the candle- from furriers, cut like a nut, without a hitch- from the carpenters. Some phrasemes are related to history: ice carnage, Monomakh's hat, all over Ivanovo.
There are phrases associated with biblical stories and ancient mythology: carry your cross, Babylonian pandemonium, until the second coming,with or on a shield, Augean stables, Trojan horse.
Here are a couple of interesting phraseological units, the meaning of which is related to their origin.
According to the ancient belief of our ancestors, a closed (circular) line, made with coal or a knife, and enchanted with special words, acquired power and protected from evil spirits. The circle was also carried out in the air.
In Nikolai Gogol's story "Viy", Khoma Brut escapes from the witch by drawing a circle around himself and saying a prayer. Russian warriors drew a circle above their heads with the end of their sword, believing that enemy blows would not touch them, enchanted. The expression “ headlong"- boldly, without fear of anything.
Turnover " rub glasses"(to deceive someone) comes from the jargon of card cheats and means the real action of rubbing in extra points on so-called powder cards. Using the “sticky” powder, the player turned a six into a seven or eight, a two into a three. That is, he rubbed in the points needed for the required amount (for example, 21 points).
The expression took root in speech and served as the basis for the formation of nouns fraud(deception) and fraudster(deceiver).
Phraseological units still appear today: give out on the mountain, new Russians, rich Pinocchio, Cherchet la femme, rush hour.
Milk rivers - jelly banks Phraseologism is a means of attracting attention
Phraseological phrases are well remembered. Ready-made and known to the reader, they facilitate perception. The use of antonymic (opposite in meaning) contextual combinations, figurative phrases, and ambiguity attracts the attention of the audience.
The problem is that the administration of our enterprise selects and places personnel contrary to good traditions, which have been described in folklore for a long time. According to these traditions, it is not recommended to let a goat into the garden, throw a pike into the river, or appoint a fox to be in charge of the chicken coop.
The use of phraseological units when writing content is appropriate in a conversational style, as well as in artistic and journalistic ones. Here are a few techniques for transforming phraseological units:
- Literalization. The context of the phrase implies its perception in its literal meaning: If the audience doesn't laugh, I get upset, withdraw into myself and sit there.
- Rearranging or replacing individual words: Of two evils, I choose the one that I have never tried before. Learning is light, and ignorance is pleasant twilight.
- Expanding the structure of phraseological units: What a pity that you are finally leaving.
- Combining parts of different meanings: All people are brothers, but not all are wise.
- Complete change in the meaning of the ideome: There are brave people. I am not a brave man; How could one call the weaker sex, which takes so much strength??
- Inserting a specific definition: I am his personal king. He has no king in his head, so he has me instead of a king.
Headings based on phraseological units arouse reader interest. Metaphors have an emotional impact on the audience: Water Doesn't Come Alone, Squeeze Race, Freedom on the Left.
The news, presented as a word game with a stable turnover, sounds like a slogan: In the yard there is a pillar, at the pillar there is a gentleman.
Dictionaries and encyclopedias, including Wikipedia, offer different definitions. The simplest one is given in the Encyclopedic Dictionary.
Phrasiologism is “a stable phrase, figure of speech, expression, the meaning of which does not consist of the meanings of its constituent words.”
There are many examples of phraseological units in the great and mighty Russian language. And if we add phraseological units from foreign speech, it may seem that we are only talking to them.
- "Beat the Key"
- "Through the Sleeves"
- "Leave it with your nose"
- "Throw down the gauntlet"
- "Hit, but listen"
The basis, the root of the concept “Phraseological unit” is the word “phrase”. Phrase ( from the ancient Greek phrasis - expression) - a sentence, a complete thought, a complete turn of speech.
“Phrase” gave the name to a part of linguistics (the science of language) - phraseology.
Phraseology ( from ancient Greek phrasis+logos (concept)) is a science that studies stable figures of speech.
Phraseologisms are divided into types:
- phraseological adjunctions (idioms)
- phraseological unities
- phraseological combinations
- phraseological expressions
Phraseological adhesions or idioms (ancient Greek - idioma - a peculiar expression) are an untranslatable and unchangeable phrase peculiar only to a given language.
- “don’t sew a tail on a mare”
- "neither fish nor fowl"
- "seven spans in the forehead"
Phraseological unities are a turn of speech in which each word has its own meaning, but together they acquire a figurative meaning.
- "To go with the flow"
- "Cast a fishing rod"
- "Get online"
Phraseological combinations are a turn of speech in which words have both a free and non-free meaning, that is, they are used only in a given expression. Combinations differ from adhesions and unity in that their words can be replaced.
- "burn with love"
- "burn with hatred"
- "burn with shame"
- "revenge"
- "lust for fame"
- "lust for money"
Phraseological expressions are a figure of speech that consists entirely of words with free meaning. Their only feature is reproducibility, that is, the ability to be used as ready-made speech forms.
Examples of phraseological expressions are “Where a horse goes with its hoof, there comes a crayfish with its claw.”
sayings “When the cancer on the mountain whistles”
aphorisms "knowledge is power"
colloquial speech stamps “all the best”, “see you soon”
Other meanings of linguistic terms
A phrase can be not only a complete thought, a sentence, but also a musical passage, a phrase, and in singing, a melodic figure that can be sung without taking a breath
A phrase is a loud, beautiful speech that does not correspond to the content or is insincere or hypocritical.
From here
Fraser is a narcissistic person who abuses beautiful speech, often meaningless. Synonym for chatterbox, windbag.
From here
Phraseology, phrasing - idle talk, addiction to beautiful, loud, meaningless speech. An example of phrase-mongering is Gaev’s monologue from Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard,” addressed to the closet: “Dear, dear closet! I greet your existence, which for more than a hundred years has been directed towards the bright ideals of goodness and justice; your silent call to fruitful work has not weakened for a hundred years, maintaining (through tears) in generations of our family vigor, faith in a better future and nurturing in us the ideals of goodness and social self-awareness.”
