How many gel balls need to raise a person. How to raise a poster on balloons with helium. How much can air ball raise

We all saw them with their own eyes or in pictures - huge colored balls, rising higher and higher in the blue sky. Then they turned into a small speck, and then disappeared at all. They seem so clean - what can be cleaner of heated fresh air, right?

But before the balloons were much more unusual. In June 1783, Brothers Joseph and Jacques Mongolfier first conducted experiments with balloons. They noticed that the smoke rises up, so they took the ohaper of raw straws and wool, set fire to them and filled the ball with a diameter of 10 m, made of canvas and the past paper, black, caustic and suffocating smoke. The experience was successful - the ball took off.
A few months later, in September, the brothers showed even greater ingenuity.

They both went to Versailles to demonstrate their invention to the king and queen of France. For some reason, they decided to throw in a fire from straw and wool more and old shoes and filled meat - a great idea! The smell was so terrible that the king and the queen, who came closer to admire the dicks, immediately embedded the ongoings - in the royal, without losing advantages.

However, no one has given such an opportunity for passengers of the balloon. The Mongolfier brothers tied to a terrible smelling ball duck, rooster and sheep and sent them to the flight. Fortunately, everyone landed and unharmed.

Balloons raise scientific devices to a height of up to 40000 m (this is 4 times higher than passenger aircraft fly). Then the ball bursts because of too low pressureAnd the devices begin to fall down, along the way removing the necessary readings.

In November, the Bowl of the brothers raised two people into the air, who balanced a wicker basket at the opposite ends of a wicker basket. These people threw a straw in a hot burning oven over their heads. Surprisingly, the brothers themselves preferred to stay on Earth. Modern balloons are much safer and, of course, where are less sinking. Propane burners heat gases in a bowl over them. In modern bowls, hot air is used, and for distant record flights - a mixture of helium and hot air. Helium is the second one by ease element in the universe (watch what happens to the children's balloon filled with helium if it is released from the hands).

Many will ask, why not use the easiest element in the balloon - hydrogen? So sometimes they do, but hydrogen is very fire and explosive. (This was the cause of the death of the German airship of "Hindenburg" filled with hydrogen, which ignored and instantly burned down the dottel in New Jersey in 1937. You can remember the American reusable spacecraft "Challenger", which has failed a catastrophe due to the explosion of hydrogen fuel.)

The air balloon sails through the air, because the gases filling it will weigh less than the air surrounding it. But as can the ball of plastic or silk filled with air, weighing less than the air surrounding it? Everything is very simple: gas expands gas when heated. Thus, a liter of hot air contains molecules less than a liter of more dense cold air, which means that a hot air balloon weighs less than cold air. Thanks to this difference, the balloon is flies!

The ancient Greek scientist Archimeda brought such a law: on every body, immersed in liquid or floating in the air, the ejecting force acts upwards and equal to the weight of liquid or air supplanted to them. If this power is more body weight, the body floats, if less - the body is lowered down.

To see this principle in action, try to drown a ball with air in a bucket of water. Since the ball with air weighs less than the same volume of water, the ball swims.

Flight lovers on balloons There are around the world, and they can offer a journey on Mongolfierre, both for money and for volunteer assistance to their ground team. If you have already tasted the delights of such flights and now you wish to spend yourself on the slips and sink a burner, traveling solo, then you need to go through a course and certification. Acquaintance with the principles of the balloon will give you an advantage and help you decide whether it is suitable for this hobby.

Steps

Part 1

Basic basics

We understand - why the ball flies. The principle of action of balloons is very simple. Since you heat air or any other gas, it becomes less dense. Similarly, as an air bubble, rising in the aquarium, hot air will rise over a denser, cold air that surrounds it. It is necessary to heat the air in a ball to the desired temperature, and he himself will be able to raise up and the dome, and the basket along with all its contents.

We study the design of the ball. Its device is so simple that you can easily fit in it, the study of the necessary terminology will help you and your team to communicate with each other:

Dress up protective clothes. The pilot must wear safety glasses, as it will be near the flame. Also, the pilot and the team must be dressed in durable gloves, long sleeves clothing and long pants made of nylon fabric, polyester and other, easily flammable materials.

• Everyone who is in the basket must keep in mind that the balloon can land in the dirt or hard-to-reach area, and therefore the reliable clothes and shoes should be as comfortable as possible.

1. In order to rise above, you need to release more propane. To increase the supply of propane into the fire, you need to open the explosive valve on the hose attached to gas cylinderwhich is usually located right under the burner. The more you open the valve, the greater the amount of hot air rushes to the ball and the faster it will rise. .

   • Ballast reset or any heavy object placed on the sides of the balloon will reduce its full density and will also make a rise. For obvious reasons, this reception is not recommended to be used when flying over the population.

2. We study how to stay in a stable height. Like any object, warmer than the environment, the air balloon cools over a long time, which makes it gradually decrease. To stay at one height, you must use one of the techniques:

   To omit, open the parachute valve. Remember that the parachute valve is a folding flap on the top of the envelope. In the usual state, it is hermetically closed and to open it, you need to pull the red row, which is called the sling of the break. This allows hot air to go through the top. While the ball does not fall to the desired mark, hold the sling stretched. Then, release it, and the folding flap closes again.

   Control the direction of reduction or lifting. Directly affect the direction of movement of balloons is impossible. There are several air flows that enjoy one on the other. Raise or lower the ball by catching the different cross-streams of air, and it will change the direction of movement. Pilots are often forced to change the route of their movement, adjusting to the necessary air flow.

   Check the wind strength. Knowledge of when the flight should be canceled, a very important factor for the preparation of pilots. Flight Ply strong wind It is extremely dangerous, and it is prohibited. Newbies must adhere to simple rule: fly either in the first hours after sunrise, or a few hours before sunset, when the wind direction is more predictable and its speed is small.

   Check for life support items. The basket should be at least a fire extinguisher, aid kit, topographic map, aircraft card, altimeter (height measurement device) and a logbook, in which the pilot fixes all the details of the flight. Check the propane sensor in the cylinders. You must be sure that they are enough fuel for flight - usually the flow rate is about 30 gallons (114 liters) per hour. For long-term flights, you will also need a radio station and possibly electronic navigation equipment.

   For take-off fill the ball. To break away from the Earth, almost all air balloons require the help of several people. First, the burner must be fixed on the basket frame and set the side of the envelope that lies on the ground. Envelope's mouth lift and straighten, and in for ten minutes with a powerful pump, pump air, which is then heated by the burner. Usually, while the ball is preparing for the flight, a basket on Earth is held by people or tied to the car. When the passengers and the pilot sat down in the basket, the pilot releases a powerful stream of flame from the burner and the ball breaks away from the ground.

   During the start, you need to be extremely attentive. The pilot must be very focused and follow the envelope inflates, and the ground command controls all the slings. Constantly examine on the sides in all directions in order to notice the trees or other objects on time to which the ball can come across during take-off. As soon as you feel the first impulse of the wind during the rise, immediately lock your view on the obstacle that is located at the rate of take-off and do not go off the ball until the ball overcomes the obstacle. It helps to quickly fix the deviation from the course and react immediately to it, speeding up the takeoff.

   Examine all weather phenomena in the flight area. To obtain a flight certificate, the future pilots of balloons must pass the test on meteorology to understand how the temperature, height and humidity, and that can tell you about air condition different kinds Clouds. Of course, list everything in this manual will not be released, but a couple of examples can be given:

   • Significant changes in the direction of the wind, when you rise or descend, are called a busting of the wind and require special attention, because they can speed up or slow down your movement. If the strong gust of the wind will skip the flame of your burner, burn it again and in order to avoid falling, as quickly as possible a ball.
   • If the balloon slowly responds to your actions, or you notice that the air instead of asking you up isted, it means that you got into "inversion" - a state at which, the higher you rise, the warmer becomes the air around you . You can compensate for inversion by increasing the amount of heated air or on the contrary, decreasing, depending on the direction of movement.

3. Check the direction and speed of the wind, learn how to read the meteorological map using this data to compile the overall pattern of speed and direction of air flow. To learn local conditions, sprinkle or sprinkle a little shaving cream on the edge of the basket.

Raise up any accessory. For example, a congratulatory inscription, a soft toy or a big heart. It looks spectacular, and today we will tell you how it is done and what is needed for such a job.

How much can air ball raise

Calculate the lifting force of such a gift. In a different way, it is also called Archimedean power. Load capacity of helium, which fill latex balls - 1 kg per 1 m3. That is, one standard 25 centimeter ball raises about 4 grams. The metallized ball of the same size will master a little more - 5 grams. It turns out to raise a thing of 100 grams, you need 25 balls, and for 200 - respectively, 50 pieces. For understanding: 200 grams weighs a small soft toy. On the flower, stretching or postcard will leave a smaller amount. But there is one point.

To soar your surprise will not be long due to the features of ordinary helium balloons. After a few hours, gas gradually comes out and the present no longer flies under the ceiling. Therefore, for such surprises take the volume of balls with a reserve: an average of 10-20 pieces more. If only the moment itself is worried about the moment, the effect of surprise and delight - you can do the main number. And do not forget to weigh the subject that you plan to bind to clearly understand the weight of the present, which means how much you have to buy balls.

Consider the following points:

1. The gift of the gift is ideal in a closed space.

2. On the air it can be attributed to the gust of the wind, if a long tape is tied.

3. The longer the rope - the more balls will be required to raise to height.

4. To save, tie the line to the gift: it is light and reliable.

Where to get helium for balloons

Special cylinders with adapters are sold for gas filling. Buy or rent you can you at any store "All for the Holiday" or in specialized stores delivery of balls to order.

What to inflate the balloon instead of helium

Some are interested in replacing this gas in domestic conditions. As an option - hydrogen. You can get it using salt, copper Kuner, Water and foil. But this is a very bold solution and we do not advise you to resort to it. If you are a born chemist and want to make an equivalent of helium - do it on the street, and not indoors. Another option is to inflate without helium, ordinary air. But then the cloud will not take off up.

How much are ball balls with helium

The price in stores is slightly varied. It depends on the quality of the supplied material, the presence of processing for a long flight, the size of products and other factors. Helium balloons in the online store stand:

• Sets: from 1000 rubles
• Foil Figures: from 330 rubles
• Compositions with figures: from 1599 rubles
• Walking balls: from 499 rubles
• Singing: from 1499 rubles

This is not the entire range, and if you want to clarify how many pieces it will be necessary for a beautiful lift of the gift in the air - go to any suitable Internet site and you will definitely tell everything there. Or will help with this original check from beginning to end. Successful holiday organization!

On video: How many balls do you need to raise a person in the air?

Sometimes customers are asked to inflate the balls helium so that they can raise the poster with a congratulation a few meters up on the street. Thus, try to congratulate mammies in the hospital, or, for example, try to draw attention to themselves.

We will understand how it can be done.

Calculation of balls

As a poster, take a sheet of Watman (high density drawing paper) A1 format. This is a rectangle with dimensions of 840 x 594 mm. Vatman density is 200 gr / sq. Mermeter. The A1 format has an area of \u200b\u200b0.49 square meters, thus, the mass of the Watman's sheet of format A1 will be 100 grams.

12 "Balloon (sempertex), the helium inflated to a diameter of 27 cm has a lift force in 10 grams. So 10 balls will be able to raise Watman format A1. Add another 4 balls, about the reserve (suddenly what burst?). Total we will need 14 balls, inflated helium to size 26 - 28 cm.

Preparation of poster

If you just hang watman to the balls, then it will begin to bend, twisted and the text of the congratulations will not be visible. In order to give watman strength, we will need to make ribbies.

With the help of a ruler and pencil, place a sheet as shown in the figure by dotted lines:

The distance between dotted lines is 5 cm and 2 cm.

Gently and smoothly bend Watman along the dotted line, the narrow bands are glued to the sheet with the help of bilateral tape or glue. It turns out this design:

On the reverse side with the help of a marker we will write the text of the congratulations:

At all four corners of the poster, we will do the holes needed to tie the balls and lifting ribbon.

Poster lifting
For the upper holes tie the ribbons with balloons, seven bowls on each side:

For the bottom holes, we will learn two lifting ribbon, which should be in the hands of people who start a poster:

The braid on a little blending, pulling it into different directions. The balls will pull the poster up, and the lifting braid will not give the opportunity the poster is spinning. Also, with the help of the lift, the horizontal position of the poster is monitored.

When the poster fell to the desired height, the lifting braid is fixed.

A poster will still be swollen, for example, back and forth. Therefore, to raise a poster using helium balls, you need to choose mad weather and a small height of lifting.

The ball filled with helium is a great gift for any child. All kids love something unusual and beautiful, and the ball, which himself takes off up - as nothing else is suitable for this description. There is only one problem - that they are not very cheap, and you can not buy them in every store. Today we will show you how you can fill the ball helium at home!

How to make helium for balls?

If you decide to spend such an experiment with children - then try to be extremely neat, because vinegar can greatly harm the young organism. For the crafts, we will need such materials:

Soda, 5T.L.

Vinegar, 0.5T.

Plastic bottle with a small neck.

Sometimes adding to all components lemon juice, in our case it is not.

1. Paul a glass of vinegar should be pouring into plastic bottle. If we use lemon juice, then pour it at this stage.

2 . Then we need to fall asleep 5 tables with a lie soda into the ball. We can use the watering can for this if it is at hand.

3. Now we need to very carefully put the ball on the neck of the bottle, and do it so that the soda does not get into vinegar. And after that, we can raise a ball so that all sodes sharply pour into vinegar.