After the ball why love began to wane. Composition on the work on the topic: "Love from that day on the wane." (According to the story of L. N. Tolstoy "After the ball")

In the story "After the Ball" L.N. Tolstoy reveals one of the bleak aspects of the life of Nikolaev Russia - the position of the tsarist soldier: a twenty-five-year term of service, senseless drill, complete lack of rights for the rank and file, passing through the ranks as a punishment. However, the main problem in the story is related to moral issues: what forms a person - social conditions or chance. A single incident rapidly changes a separate life (“The whole life has changed from one night, or rather morning,” says the hero). In the center of the image in the story is the thought of a person who is able to immediately discard class prejudices.

The basis of the conflict of this story is laid, on the one hand, in the image of the two-faced colonel, on the other hand, in the disappointment of Ivan Vasilyevich.
The colonel was a very handsome, stately, tall and fresh old man. Affectionate, unhurried speech emphasized his aristocratic essence and aroused even more admiration. Varenka's father was so sweet and kind that he endeared himself to everyone, including the protagonist of the story. After the ball in the scene of the punishment of the soldier, not a single sweet, good-natured feature remained on the face of the colonel. Ivan Vasilyevich cannot love just one person, he must certainly love the whole world, understand and accept it entirely. Therefore, along with love for Varenka, the hero also loves her father, admires him. When he encounters cruelty and injustice in this world, his whole sense of harmony, the integrity of the world collapses, and he prefers not to love in any way than to love partially. Ivan Vasilievich deliberately refuses his love.

In the story JI.H. Tolstoy, everything is in contrast, everything is shown according to the principle of antithesis: a description of a brilliant ball and a terrible punishment on the field; the situation in the first and second parts; graceful charming Varenka and the figure of a Tatar with his terrible, unnatural back; Varenka's father at the ball, who evoked enthusiastic tenderness in Ivan Vasilievich, and he is also a vicious, formidable old man, demanding that the soldiers obey orders.

Folklore traditions in the poetry of S.A. Yesenin. (On the example of at least two poems of your choice)

The poet Sergei Yesenin was given to us by the people's life itself, the people's Rus': "Ryazan fields, where the peasants mowed, where they sowed their bread." From an early age, he was surrounded by the world of songs, legends, legends and folk poetic images. Sergei grew up with his grandmother Agrafena Pankratievna Yesenina, then in the house of his grandfather Titov. Grandmother told fairy tales to her beloved grandson, grandfather often sang folk songs to him. In folk tales, sayings, riddles, the young poet hid an inexhaustible wealth of images, plots, turns of speech.
Folk art is always based on song motifs. In the same way, Yesenin's lyrics are based on folk songs, ditties, chants:

The ringing of the cutting, the ringing of the boom, The bells in the collar do not count. And as I bark on a walk, All the people run out. The boys will come out, the girls will come out To glorify winter evenings, Vociferous chants Do not stop until morning.
In Yesenin's lyrics, as if they find a second life, gradually leaving and being replaced by folk songs, so loved by the Russian people. Relatives and friends from an early age hear enthusiastic words:
That you, Rus', my dear, Khaty - in the robes of the image ...
Yesenin's poetic lines are so simple and melodic that they seem not to be read, but by themselves add up to a song: It's my side, my side, The band was grieving. Only the forest, but salting. Yes, the river scythe ...
Love to folk traditions, to Russian folklore is inextricably linked with the moral ideals of the poet - love for the motherland, for the common people, with the concept of honor, dignity, duty.
And the image of the Russian village often becomes for the author the embodiment of a real paradise on earth. It should be noted that Orthodox images in Yesenin's lyrics are organically intertwined with pagan Slavic mythology and folklore principles. And this is quite natural, since the folk lyrics itself - ritual chants, ditties, lyrical songs - bore the imprint of this Slavic pagan mythology.

A tribute to the folklore tradition in Yesenin's lyrics are analogies drawn between human life and nature, the transfer of the properties and traits of a person's character, signs of animals to abstract concepts, objects of rural life, natural phenomena:

The poetic style of many of Yesenin's works is as if borrowed from ancient Russian chronicles: his fogs "smoke", "leaf fall makes the hills golden", silence "rests" in the heart, his beggar is "wretched", "sick", girls "knit ... pigtails to toe ".

The poet often uses repetitions characteristic of folklore: "play, play, talyanochka ...", "Is it my side, my side", "You are my abandoned land, you are my land, a wasteland ...", "I will look in the field, I will look in sky...", "Where are you, where are you, father's house...".

Adherence to folklore traditions makes Sergei Yesenin a truly folk poet, whose works have been and remain close and understandable to millions of people of many generations.

How does " small man» in the works of A.P. Chekhov? (On the example of one of the works of your choice.)

The central theme of Chekhov's work is a protest against vulgarity and narrow-mindedness. It is she who sounds in the story "Ionych". This is a story about how a capable person in the conditions of a provincial bourgeois-petty-bourgeois life turns into a stupid and greedy layman. Main character, a young doctor Dmitry Ionych Startsev, at the beginning - a young man with ideals and a desire for something high. He is full of strength, energy, passionate about work. He is interested in serious issues, literature, art. He hates the company of "gamblers, alcoholics, wheezing." Sometimes Dmitry Ionich tries to express some of his thoughts. But his serious talks about progress, politics, and science do not meet with understanding. With the logic of the story, Chekhov tries to convince us that a person is worthy of the name of a person only if he fights against the influence of a petty-bourgeois stagnant environment, if he opposes it with his human "I". A noble goal in life, a favorite work did not become the basis of Startsev's existence. The desire for satiety and wealth turned out to be stronger. This is the reason for his moral decline. The writer depicts Startsev's gradual immersion in the "mud of trifles." His interests and horizons are catastrophically narrowing, the human personality is shrinking before our eyes. He enjoys playing cards in the evenings, and when he comes home, he eagerly counts money. In four years, he lost all his former superiority over the philistine man in the street. Convinced of his mediocre abilities, Kotik invites Dmitry Ionych to marry, but he is too lazy spiritually and morally to love and have a family. He is no longer sorry for youth, love, unfulfilled hopes. “It’s good that I didn’t get married then,” he thinks. In the story “Ionych”, Chekhov’s voice seems to sound, calling not to succumb to the destructive influence of the environment, to develop in oneself the strength of resistance to circumstances, to protect the person in oneself, to be afraid of hoarding like fire, not to betray the bright ideals of youth, not to betray love. What are the features of the image of nature in the lyrics of S.A. Yesenin? (On the example of at least two works of your choice.)

S. A. Yesenin is rightfully recognized as one of the best masters of landscape lyrics. The poet's poems attract the reader with their freshness, genuine sincerity, richness of feelings, moral health and love of life.

In simple and unprepossessing native landscapes, the Ryazan poet managed to discover such a unique charm, so many new and consonant feelings for every ordinary person, that even after a century, more and more new generations of readers turn to his work with rapture.

Yesenin knows the nature of his native land perfectly, he puts the soul of a true patriot into his delicate drawing:

Beloved edge!

Dreaming of the heart

Stacks of the sun in the waters of the womb.

I would like to get lost

In the greens of your bells.

Pictures of native nature are vividly and emotionally perceived: they are festively elegant, an upbeat, romantically colored mood dominates here. Native nature comes to life in Yesenin's poems, birches and maples, evenings and dawns, huts and fields - everything rejoices and sad as a human being. The poet spiritualizes these simple phenomena familiar to everyone since childhood, endows them with his feelings and mood. His golden stars are dormant, “the light dawns on the backwaters of the river and blushes the grid of the sky”, sleepy birch trees smile, disheveled silk braids.

All the riches of Russia's nature are organically included in Yesenin's poetry - the freedom of native expanses, field smells, colors and sounds, joyful spring, pensive autumn, cruel winter. Magical transformations take place before our eyes: winter cradles the shaggy forest; playful sparrows, like lonely children, hungry, tired, huddle tighter. They, like people, have colorful dreams: "in the smiles of the sun, a clear beauty of spring." Autumn is not just autumn, but a red filly combing her mane. Her horseshoes are heard over the river cover of the banks. The moon, stars, evenings and dawns come to life:

The dawn fogs up with foam,

Like the depths of the eyes of a bride.

Spring has come like a wanderer

With a staff in birch bark sandals.

In Yesenin's landscape lyrics, complex, unusually colorful and unusual images appear. The allegorical meaning of these images is transparent, this symbolism is based on a realistic, mainly folklore basis: “the wind dances across the plains - a red tender donkey”; “The blue now dozes, then sighs. At the forest lectern, a sparrow reads a psalter”; “The hut-old woman chews the odorous crumb of silence with the jaw of the threshold”; "A curly lamb - a month walks in the blue grass."

Yesenin's poetry is a hymn to Russia, native to the expanses of Ryazan, where, "rejoicing and tormented", one still lives better than anywhere else, freely

Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy seriously fought against the existing social evil and untruth, denounced the violence and despotism of power. Many of his works are saturated with deep feeling. Often Tolstoy's works were based on real facts. So it was with the story "After the Ball", which was written in 1903, more than fifty years after the incident referred to in the work.

The author skillfully contrasted the two parts of the story, using contrasting colors. In the first part L.N. Tolstoy gives an enthusiastic description of a secular ball, the provincial marshal, his wife, Varenka. He uses the epithets "wonderful", "majestic", "graceful" to describe Varenka, as well as the epithets "happy", "magnificent", "radiant" in order to evoke in the reader a feeling of a real holiday in the course of describing the ball, "good-natured" - for descriptions of the provincial leader of the ball, "good-natured" - to describe his wife. The protagonist of the story, Ivan Vasilyevich, is a young man from a wealthy family. He is very receptive and hot. Ivan Vasilievich watches how the object of his sighs - the daughter of a colonel - dances a mazurka with her handsome, tall, stately father. And the feeling of the young man flared up, revealing all the ability of love hidden in the soul.

The second part of the story "After the Ball" is depicted in gloomy, dark colors. Ivan Vasilyevich saw how strong hand a colonel in a suede glove, who had tenderly supported his daughter yesterday in a mazurka, today beats a frightened, short, weak soldier in the face because he did not sufficiently lower his stick on the red back of the Tatar. The young man is confused: is it really possible to have two faces: one for the ball, and the other for the drill? The Colonel is comfortable in both situations. Ivan Vasilyevich feels that the society in which he lives, life itself is forcing him to change his masks. The young man thinks like this: "If this was done with such confidence and was recognized by everyone as necessary, then, therefore, they knew something that I did not know." However, in his soul, Ivan Vasilievich cannot find an excuse for the colonel's cruelty.

L.N. Tolstoy notes that such an incident could not but leave an imprint on a person who retained his morality. Ivan Vasilievich refuses military service, devoting himself to serving others, moral people. And little by little love leaves the heart of a young man. “So these are the things that happen and why the whole life of a person changes and is directed,” says the author.

Thus, we can say that Ivan Vasilievich destroyed in himself love not only for the colonel's daughter, but also love and respect for the entire Russian society of those years.

Ivan Vasilyevich, playing the role of a narrator, can be considered an ordinary representative of the advanced part of Russian society

XIX century. His fate is the fate of thousands of thinking people who in detail opposed the deadening influence of tsarism in Russia.

Answered by: Guest

It would seem that everything worked out for the best. Ivan Vasilyevich was of noble birth, his beloved also came from a good family. nothing prevented them from being happy. but His Majesty chance intervened. one night after Ivan Vasilyevich decided to take a walk. delight, love and happiness overwhelmed him. and the night walk seemed a fitting end to a wonderful evening. suddenly an enthusiastic young man saw a terrible scene. the runaway soldier was led through the ranks. and every soldier standing in line struck with a stick. the fugitive Tatar was barely alive, he constantly asked: “have mercy! But no one had the right to show compassion for the unfortunate. if a soldier delivered a weak blow, he himself fell into disfavor with the colonel. it was that same handsome, noble, majestic colonel, the father of the beautiful varenka, whom young Ivan Vasilyevich liked so much. the young man saw the colonel hit in the face "a frightened short, weak soldier because he did not put his stick hard enough on the red back of the Tatar" . Ivan Vasilievich was amazed at what he saw. the colonel appeared before him as a completely different person. just a few hours ago, the young man saw him at where he danced with his daughter and radiated kindness. now he was a cruel, heartless man. Ivan Vasilyevich talks about his thoughts that arose in his head after what he saw: “Well, do you think that I then decided that what I saw was a bad thing? not at all. “If this was done with such confidence and was recognized by everyone as necessary, then, therefore, they called for something that I did not know,” I thought and tried to find out. but no matter how hard he tried - and then he could not find out. but without recognizing, he could not enter the military service, as he wanted before, and not only did not serve in the military, but he did not serve anywhere, and, as you see, he was no good. elderly Ivan Vasilievich says that in his youth he did not draw any conclusions about what he saw. however, he is still disingenuous. the narrator could not remain indifferent to the cruelty of the colonel and to the most inhuman scene of punishment. yes, maybe the young man did not know how to react to him. he could not protect the unfortunate. but he had an inner protest. after all, earlier Ivan Vasilievich planned to enter the military service. after he happened to watch the scene of the beating of a soldier, this desire disappeared. the young man did not go to military service, because cruelty is contrary to his nature. Ivan Vasilyevich is an honest and kind person. he can't pretend. in his youth, he realized that pretense, falsehood and hypocrisy are also characteristic of many. for example, a colonel can be both a tender father and a cruel arbiter of the fate of runaway soldiers. Ivan Vasilyevich is kind by nature. he can't deal with the fact that human life not appreciated at all. after all, a runaway soldier can die after being beaten. and no one will remember him, and no. maybe he broke the law. but no one knows what the reasons are. young Ivan Vasilyevich could not remain indifferent to the terrible scene. he understands that the deepest evil lurks here. but cannot yet put his thoughts into verbal form. however, the inhuman treatment of the soldier was remembered by him for the rest of his life. after this incident, love for a beautiful girl, the daughter of a colonel, “went down. when she, as often happened to her, with a smile on her face, thought, I immediately remembered the colonel in the square, and I felt somehow awkward and unpleasant, and I began to see her less often. and love has faded away.” the young man involuntarily transfers his attitude towards the colonel to his daughter. and that tells us a lot. the young man ceased to consider the colonel a decent, noble