As they grow up, each child, starting from birth, draws conclusions about himself, first of all, from the words of others and depending on their attitude. This question arises most acutely when a child comes to school, to a new team, but the main experiences occur in adolescence.

It is often not so easy to motivate a child to enjoy learning. Parents have to put a lot of time and effort into this. When patience and fantasies run out, psychologists come to the rescue.

Does your baby refuse to eat? Does your child eat poorly, and you cannot get the child to eat at least something? Is baby nutrition a sore subject for your family? You are not alone in this problem. Many parents are very concerned that their child is eating and not eating at all. This issue is as important and relevant as ensuring the safety of children at home. And what can you do to avoid battles with your toddler at every meal?

Uncontrolled outbursts of anger, unbridled rage - such feelings do not color anyone. Especially if adults are yelling at children. Sound familiar? “Cooling down” and later remembering their unbridled outbursts of anger, there is dissatisfaction with oneself and a keen sense of guilt in relation to their child. How to deal with bouts of aggression and be calm parents?

In the modern world, step families are common. Society is calm about new marriages between spouses who already have children. However, this is a lot of stress for children. Often, the unification of two families leads to rivalry between half-brothers and sisters.

The term "maternity leave", which does not exist in official legislation, is used to refer to the period of absence from work associated with motherhood. Before and after the birth of offspring, a woman receives from the state the opportunity to temporarily not fulfill her professional duties, but to devote herself to the family, while not losing either work experience or financial assistance. It is useful for all working women to know how this type of vacation is formalized, which most women have to face at least once in their life, and often repeatedly. The nuances of the "rest" that are so often arranged are also important for the employees of personnel services.

Decree - vacation complex

Under the persistent jargon "maternity leave", in fact, there are 2 different leaves, the common feature of which is only their connection with the appearance of a child.

1. Maternity leave
2. Leave associated with the need to care for a child up to 1.5 or three years of age.

Components of the decree:

• have different bases;
• are issued separately and each in its own way;
• of varying duration;
• differ in payment by the employer and the state.

Rumor has united them into a common "maternity leave", because in practice, in most cases, they go one after the other and do not have breaks between themselves.

REFERENCE! Legally, the right to leave associated with future motherhood is regulated by Art. 255-256 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. Special and work experience is not interrupted by a long decree.

Who is entitled to maternity leave?

The Labor Code establishes the right to go on maternity leave to any working woman, namely:

• the employee who has drawn up an employment contract (work experience does not matter);
• registered with the Employment Service with the official status of unemployed;
• full-time student;
• a woman in military service;
• female civilian personnel of military institutions.

NOTE! Some types of benefits paid on this leave are due to everyone, and some - only to officially employed expectant mothers.

Timing is an important issue in motherhood

When establishing the duration of maternity leave and the time of leaving for it, legislation is guided not only by the natural rhythms of childbirth, but also by the conclusions of the leading pregnant doctor, which is reflected in the relevant legal acts.

Each type of leave that makes up the decree has its own characteristics in terms of timing.

Maternity Leave (Maternity Leave)

In the last months ahead of childbirth, it becomes difficult for a woman, and sometimes it is beyond the power of her usual work duties, and often even the road to the place of work. The state gives her the opportunity to be considered temporarily disabled, that is, to issue a sick leave for the prenatal and postnatal periods. The duration of these periods is different:

• before the expected birth, a woman is allowed to rest 70 days according to the calendar;
• after childbirth, the sick leave will continue for another 70 days if childbirth was normal, and for 86 - with complicated childbirth situations (in particular, a cesarean section);
• if not one baby is expected to be born, but several at once, the happy mother will be allowed to rest 2 weeks earlier - the prenatal period will be 84 days;
• a parent of twins and more children after childbirth is entitled to 110 days of paid sick leave;
• the countdown of these terms begins with the issuance of a sick leave in the antenatal clinic, which occurs with a normal pregnancy at 30 weeks, and with multiple pregnancies at 28 weeks.

ATTENTION! If there are unforeseen inconsistencies in the estimated dates on which the leave is based (for example, a woman gave birth ahead of schedule, suffered or was incorrectly calculated the pregnancy period), the leave period remains unchanged. To extend it, you need a new sick leave and, on its basis, an additional leave.

When adopting a small child (up to 3 months), the woman is also entitled to leave, similar to that provided by the BiR.

Instructions for expectant mothers: how to take a vacation in BiR

1. For a period of 30 weeks (or 28, if more than 1 baby is expected), the pregnant woman receives a certificate of incapacity for work from the doctor of the antenatal clinic and assures it from her manager.
2. A pregnant employee writes with her own hand to her employer. In this document, the reason for the future absence from work (BIR) and the terms calculated on the sick leave must be stated. It is worth immediately adding a paragraph on the request to calculate the appropriate benefits, otherwise they will have to be dealt with separately.
3. The personnel department, on the basis of an application and sick leave, draws up an order for the provision of this type of leave. The expectant mother is completely free from labor worries from the date specified in the order.

Additionally, you need to prepare the following documents:

• copy of identity card;
• a certificate from the accounting department on income for the last 2 years;
• bank account number or plastic card (for transferring benefits);
• a certificate from the LCD that the woman was registered before the 12-week period (an additional payment is due for early registration).

Leave to care for a baby up to 1.5 or 3 years old

It is drawn up after the birth of the child before the expiration of the postpartum vacation days: the first vacation will smoothly turn into the second.

IMPORTANT! This type of leave, in contrast to the first one, can be issued not only for the mother of the child, but also for any person who will take care of him - the father, relative, guardian, the choice for the child's family: it is possible if the mother resumed her labor activity after the appearance of the baby.

Labor guarantees for those on this leave:

• preservation of the workplace in the "pre-secret" amount of workload;
• payment of monthly "employer" compensation;
• accounting for the first 1.5 years of caring for a child in retirement experience;
• impossibility of dismissal before going to work.

NOTE! The difference between a 1.5-year and 3-year vacation is only in the payment of a monthly allowance from the employer and retirement experience. These are not different types of vacation, but one, issued once, which can be completed at any convenient time before the child turns 3 years old.

Documenting

1. A mother or other officially employed close person submits a written application to his employer (it also includes requirements for the accrual of 2 monthly payments - benefits and compensation).
2. Providing a baby's birth certificate.
3. If it is not the mother who takes out the vacation, a certificate is needed stating that she does not use her right to maternity leave.
4. Registration of the order by the personnel department (a copy is received by the applicant).

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! Two maternity leaves cannot be issued at the same time. If, before the end of the decree, a woman is going to the second, then the dates in the two orders should not overlap. In such a situation, it is financially more profitable for a woman to apply for a BiR benefit than to continue receiving compensation from an employer. Thus, it is worth writing an application for going to work, and then for a new leave for the second pregnancy and childbirth.

For adopted children, leave to care for them is issued in the same manner as for relatives.

How to maintain and even increase your professional skills on maternity leave? How to correctly tell when you go to work that you are not worse, but better than other applicants for the position? Experts of the SelfMama project, psychologists and career consultants, speak.

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1. Determine what skills you want and can pump

Maria Scriabin is a psychologist and a mother of two children:

According to analysts, the most important and demanded professional qualities of the future will be resistance to uncertainty, effective communication skills and the ability to consistently act in multitasking mode. But it is these skills that are maximally pumped in!

A woman in the role of a mother quickly realizes that life with a child is almost impossible to control, because often all plans go awry due to the fact, for example, that the child refused to sleep during the day. Moms, like no one else, know how to accept surprises of fate and gracefully maneuver, while demonstrating.

2. Find a remote job

The fact that a mother has to stay at home for several years does not mean at all that she must inevitably lose working skills and qualifications. You can find a remote job, become a freelancer or volunteer. This is not only useful for career development, but also saves you from household chores..

Maria Nikonova - career coach, mother of two children:

One of the options available to a modern mother is study. Now we have many opportunities for distance learning, even in foreign schools... In addition, you can study not for the sake of a diploma, but for the sake of knowledge. A good online course platform is suitable for this: for those who speak English - Coursera, Udemy, EdX, for Russian speakers - Universarium, OpenEdu, Center "Arche". There are a variety of online courses available to help mom learn entrepreneurship or write a book. Some of them are free of charge.

4. Act according to the "rule of three Ps": correctly, constantly, gradually

Irina Bezmenova - Ph.D. in Psychology, specialist in adult education and development, mother of two children:

Having decided on the vector of your development, be patient and act according to the "rule of three Ps". For example, you decide to learn a new foreign language. Every day you memorize only 10 words, but in a week it will be 70 words, and in four months spent with the children at the dacha - almost 1000!

Time is working for you. Combine development with other activities: an audio lecture in the car with a sleeping baby, a webinar - after he goes to bed, reading an expert column - while you are expecting a baby on the development, and so on. Enjoy small steps and praise yourself for them.

5. Learn to properly present yourself and your professional skills

Tatyana Loginova - career consultant with international CDS certification, mother of two children:

Mom's work is one of the most difficult and responsible in the world, with irregular working hours. Let's try to translate into business language what competencies you acquired or pumped for:

• negotiation skills with difficult clients;
• work in multitasking conditions;
• the ability to cope with stress and tight deadlines;
• budget management;
• finding and hiring qualified personnel (builders, plumbers, teachers, nannies);
• project management (cottage construction, renovations, family vacation planning).

All this meets the requirements for the position of a project manager or middle manager.... And if, in addition to this, you managed to organize events at the child's educational institution, help in volunteer projects, study or moderate a group in social networks, then your value as an employee increases even more. Now it remains to indicate this information in business language in the resume - and forward, to conquer the labor market.

Pregnancy is a special time in a woman's life. Many expectant mothers leave work and go on maternity leave before the birth of a baby. The article will tell you how to spend this time useful and enjoyable, what new activities and hobbies you can find for yourself during the maternity leave.

We spend maternity leave profitably: new hobbies and hobbies for a young mother

Maternity leave is a period, the purpose of which is to prepare for the birth of a baby, as well as the subsequent care for him. A young mother has a lot of free time. There are many ways to spend this period beneficially for yourself and your child.

When do they go on maternity leave?

If the pregnancy proceeds without any complications, then the woman has the right to go on maternity leave at the 30th week of pregnancy. In the event that the expectant mother is expected to have twins or triplets, it is allowed to go on maternity leave 14 days earlier - at the 28th week.

Things to do

While on such a vacation, you can find useful activities for yourself both before and after the birth of a child.

Before the baby is born

1. Prepare the necessary things for the unborn child:

After the baby is born, a happy mother will not have so much free time to go shopping for children.

Such purchases are best done with a friend who already has children or with your mom. They will recommend what is best for your baby, and this will help you avoid unnecessary expenses and unnecessary purchases.

1. Set up your home. Before giving birth, many women develop a nesting instinct - the desire to make the home comfortable for all family members. Therefore, equip the baby's room in advance, as well as buy the necessary things for bath procedures and feeding.
2. Expanding your knowledge of childcare. The expectant mother is advised to study special literature on parenting, care and feeding. It will not be superfluous to attend some courses for pregnant women, where they tell you in an interesting and detailed way how to take care of your baby.

What to do on maternity leave up to a year

1. Spend more time with your child. Every mother should study well the behavior of the baby. In the first months of life, this is especially important, as it will allow early detection of deviations in the development of the child, his health and take appropriate measures.
2. Baby development. Closer to 3-4 months, the first sounds appear in the child. From this period, you need to connect educational toys, actively talk with him to develop vocabulary.
3. Rest and personal care. Find at least a couple of hours a day for yourself. It is important for a young mother to look good, then her health and mood will always be excellent.

Adjust your diet, take time to exercise daily to keep yourself in shape.

What to do on maternity leave up to three years

1. Pay attention to your baby's education and development. At this time, the child already knows how to speak, walk and is capable of learning. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to write it down in the developmental sections.

It is believed that at the age of 3, children have very high abilities to memorize new information.

1. Walk more. The child has already grown up, and you can spend more time with him in the fresh air. Attend all kinds of playgrounds, events. Study the plants in the park, or watch the animals in the zoological garden.
2. Physical education. During this period, it is recommended to do fitness or water aerobics. In modern sports complexes, classes for adults and children are simultaneously held. While the mother is engaged in a group for women, children's trainers will work with the baby.

What useful hobbies to do during pregnancy: ideas

On maternity leave, you can not only deal with the development of the baby, but also come up with entertainment for yourself.

1. Culinary creativity. If you've always wanted to learn how to cook, now is the right time. During pregnancy, explore cookbooks, websites and challenge yourself at cooking exotic dishes.
2. Read more. At the modern pace of life, there is always not enough time to calmly and quietly sit at your favorite book. But during pregnancy, you can do this: re-read good books or discover new ones. Reading classic fiction is a great way to develop yourself.
3. Blogging on a social network. If you love taking pictures and telling interesting stories, blogging can be your hobby. This is a trendy and popular hobby, which is also profitable if you gain a lot of followers on your account.
4. Get busy with needlework. Knitting, sewing, embroidery or even modeling is a pleasant and useful activity for the expectant mother. Creativity is fun and develops hand and thinking skills. You can also make gifts for loved ones and things for your baby with your own hands.
5. Take the time to educate yourself. If you have long dreamed of taking a manicure course, getting a driver's license or learning a foreign language, then maternity leave is a great time for self-development and education. The Internet is a huge source of information, where you will find specialized courses and e-books.
6. Find a side job. While on maternity leave, you can earn good money. Now there are many options for remote work on the Internet. If you know a foreign language or are a specialist in any other area of \u200b\u200bknowledge, then take up tutoring at home.

Thus, maternity leave is an unforgettable time in the life of every woman, which can be spent with benefit and pleasure, discovering new entertaining hobbies.

Useful video

Self-development during maternity leave is a very real task. With the appearance of the baby, the mother's life is divided into "Before" and "After", so that the world of a young mother will never return to its former course. This is understandable, since now he revolves entirely around his beloved baby. So Mother Nature intended. After all, in order for the baby to survive, he must be nothing but the center of his mother's universe, at least for several months. However, time goes by imperceptibly, the baby is gradually growing up and now the young mother can easily cope with all the child's responsibilities, and her life is no longer so stressful.

Is it true that a woman has a lot of time on maternity leave?

The overwhelming majority of women who have successfully survived this period of life, on the contrary, note that they had a lot of things to do in the decree and therefore time flew by unnoticed. It's a stressful time. It should be understood and realized that this is a difficult period for a woman, since the accumulated fatigue with the notorious Groundhog Day does not allow to fully enjoy life.

What can you do while you are on maternity leave

Languages

You can, for example, start learning languages. If you do not like self-study programs, then you can resort to the help of the Internet. There are video tutorials or online classes on Skype with native speakers, as well as watching movies without translation. This helps to quickly pull up knowledge and reach a new level.

You can also find yourself a training course that simply refreshes knowledge in your specialty and profession, or you can master some related area of \u200b\u200bknowledge. Numerous European as well as American universities regularly upload the lectures of their best professors to the general electronic access. And this is done completely free of charge. It goes without saying that you will need a good knowledge of a foreign language, as well as special vocabulary. But, you also need to be ready for practical tasks. This will take some time, as, in fact, the lectures themselves.

Advice

However, you can take breaks from your homework to make time for study.

Many of the young mothers in the decree qualitatively rethink their previous careers and come to the conclusion that they want to change the sphere of their work. So the decree is an excellent excellent opportunity to get a second higher education. You can, as an option, choose evening or part-time, or even distance learning. It goes without saying that this will not be easy at all, because being a mother for a small child and simultaneously mastering a completely new profession is almost unrealistic. But when there is a desire, then everything is possible.

Work and decree - is it possible to combine?

Part-time job

It is possible that the current profession presents an opportunity for part-time work from home, moreover, the employer agrees to go to the meeting, offering piecework. This can be called the simplest and most convenient option, since you know your business very well, and after the maternity leave you do not drop out of work, remaining aware of all the features and innovations of the working news.

Apply skills and abilities

If there is no such opportunity, then you can simply expand the circle of your searches a little and think about where your knowledge and skills may be needed. If you are fluent in the language, then it is logical to look for sentences about the translation of texts, and if you write easily and, moreover, quickly, then you need to look for vacancies in various online publications, or start filling sites. For those who have experience with accounting, it is logical to try their hand at cooperation with novice entrepreneurs.

If such options are not for you, then pay attention to vacancies where professional skills are not needed. For example, transcribing audio materials and maintaining any simple documentation, as well as working as a consultant on the phone and writing and then distributing reviews on sites.

Conclusion:

Maternity leave is a specific time in a woman's life when she realizes herself as a mother. But, along the way, not only is it possible, but even you need to try to realize yourself as a professional in any field. In addition, a decree can become an impetus for a change in profession or type of activity.

How to use the decree with benefit