Domestic violence against younger students and possible consequences. Presentation, violence Presentation domestic violence types forms consequences

Child abuse-

is any action (or inaction) of parents, other legal representatives caregivers and others that results (or is likely to result in) death, serious physical or emotional harm, or sexual abuse.

Violence- any form of relationship aimed at establishing or maintaining control by force over another person.

From the history

References to cruelty to children in various literary sources are found until the 2nd century BC. AD

• children were killed for ritual purposes: it was believed that a killed child could help barren women cope with illnesses, ensure health and youth;
• they were buried under the foundation of the building to make it stronger;
• children were sold and bought.

Scientific research has established that:

• violence in one form or another is committed in every fourth Russian family;
• every year about 2 million children under the age of 14 are beaten by their parents;
• for 10% of these children, the outcome is death, and for 2,000, suicide;
• more than 50,000 children leave home during the year to escape their parents, and 25,000 minors are wanted.

• in 2008, 1914 children died from child abuse, 2330 children were maimed (according to data from the Council of Federations);
• about 10 thousand parents are deprived of parental rights by the courts and more than 2.5 thousand children are taken away from their parents without such deprivation, since the presence of a child in a family poses a threat to his life and health.

Psychologist D. Gill divided child victims of abuse into several age groups:

the first - from 1 year to 2 years;

the second - from 3 to 9 years (the number of cases doubles);

the third - from 9 to 15 years (the frequency decreases again until the initial level is reached, and after 16 years it gradually completely disappears).

Types of child abuse in the family

• physical violence;
• neglect of the needs and needs of the child;
• sexual violence;
• psychological emotional abuse.

Neglect of the child's needs

Neglecting a child's basic needs is

inattention to the basic needs of the child in food, clothing, medical care. Neglect includes a number of such manifestations as the neglect of the needs for education and development, medical care in the presence of a child with chronic diseases.

Most often, parents or persons replacing them neglect the basic needs of children:

Alcoholics, drug addicts;

Persons with mental disorders;

Young parents who do not have the experience and skills of parenthood;

Parents with a low socio-economic standard of living;

Parents with chronic diseases, disabilities, mental retardation; survivors of childhood abuse; socially isolated.

Consequences of neglect

External manifestations :

• tired sleepy look, pale face, swollen eyelids;
• in infants, dehydration, diaper rash, rashes;
• clothes are sloppy, do not correspond to the season and the size of the child;
• uncleanliness, stale smell.

Physical signs:

• lagging behind in weight and height from peers;
• pediculosis, scabies;
• frequent "accidents", purulent and chronic infectious diseases;
• advanced caries;
• lack of proper vaccinations;
• delayed speech and mental development.

Behavior features:

• constant hunger and thirst: can steal food, rummage through garbage, etc .;
• inability to play;
• constant search for attention/participation;
• frequent school absences;
• extremes of behavior: infantile or takes on the role of an adult and behaves in a "pseudo-adult" manner; aggressive or withdrawn, apathetic; hyperactive or depressed; indiscriminately friendly or unwilling and unable to communicate;
• tendency to arson, cruelty to animals;

Psychological (emotional) violence

Emotional (psychological) abuse includes constant rejection, accusation against the child, humiliation of his dignity, prolonged deprivation of the child of love, tenderness, care and safety from the parents.

Psychological abuse includes:

• threats against the child, manifested in verbal form without the use of physical force;
• insult and humiliation of his dignity;
• open rejection and constant criticism;
• depriving the child of the necessary stimulation, ignoring his basic needs in a safe environment, parental love;
• making excessive demands on the child that do not correspond to his age or abilities;
• a single rough mental impact that caused mental trauma in a child;
• deliberate isolation of the child, deprivation of his social contacts;
• involvement of a child or encouragement for antisocial or destructive behavior (alcoholism, drug addiction, etc.).

Features of children subjected to emotional (psychological) violence:

• impaired mental function;
• inability to concentrate, poor academic performance;
• low self-esteem;
• emotional disturbances in the form of aggression, anger (often directed against oneself), depression;
• excessive need for attention;
• depression, suicide attempts;
• inability to communicate with peers (ingratiating behavior, excessive compliance or aggressiveness);
• lying, stealing, deviant (or "deviant", asocial) behavior;
• neuropsychiatric and psychosomatic diseases: neurosis, enuresis, tics, sleep disorders, appetite disorders, obesity, skin diseases, asthma, etc.).

Children at risk for emotional abuse

• children from an unwanted pregnancy, similar to the unloved relatives of a wife or husband;
• young children;
• disabled children, children with hereditary diseases or other peculiarities;
• children from families with a despotic, authoritarian, controlling style of upbringing and relationships;
• children from families where domestic violence is a lifestyle;
• children whose parents (or one of the parents) use alcohol, drugs, suffer from depression;
• children in whose family there are many socio-economic and psychological problems.

Features of the behavior of adults who commit emotional abuse

• do not console the child when he needs it;
• publicly insult, scold, humiliate, ridicule the child;
• compared with other children not in his favor, constantly supercritical about him;
• blame him for all their failures, make a "scapegoat" out of the child, etc.

Child sexual abuse

American researchers define sexual abuse of children as any sexual experience between a child under 16 years old (according to some sources - up to 18 years old) and a person who is at least 5 years older than him. This type violence is characterized either as the involvement of dependent, mentally and physiologically immature children and adolescents in sexual activities that violate the social taboos of family roles, which they still cannot fully understand and are not able to give meaningful consent to. Sexual abuse seen as an option especially child abuse.

Sexual abuse most often occurs in families where :

• patriarchal-authoritarian way of life;
• poor relationship between the child and parents, especially with the mother;
• conflict relations between parents;
• the mother of the child is overly busy at work;
• the child lived for a long time without a father;
• instead of the natural father - the stepfather or the mother's cohabitant;
• the mother has a chronic illness or disability and spends a long time in the hospital;
• the mother was sexually abused as a child, etc.

Physical violence

Physical abuse is the intentional infliction of injuries and / or damage to a child that causes serious (requiring medical attention) physical and mental health disorders, developmental delays.

Most often this occurs in families where:

• are convinced that physical punishment is the method of choice for raising children;
• parents (or one of them) are alcoholics, drug addicts, substance abusers;
• parents (or one of them) have mental illness;
• disturbed emotional and psychological climate (frequent quarrels, scandals, lack of respect for each other);
• parents are under stress due to the death of loved ones, illness, job loss, economic crisis, etc.;
• parents make excessive demands on children that do not correspond to their age and level of development;
• children have features: a history of prematurity, the presence of somatic or mental illness; they are hyperactive, restless.

Physical abuse manifests itself as:

• blows to the face;
• shaking, pushing;
• cracks,
• strangulation,
• kicks;
• confinement in a locked room where they are held by force;
• beating with a belt, ropes;
• mutilation with heavy objects, even with a knife.

Recognition of the fact of physical abuse of a child

Nature of damage:

• bruises, abrasions, wounds, traces of blows with a belt, bites, cauterization with hot objects, cigarettes, located on the face, body, limbs;
• burns with hot liquids of the hands and feet in the form of a glove or sock (from immersion in hot water), as well as on the buttocks;
• damage and fractures of bones, swelling and soreness of the joints;
• broken and loose teeth, tears or cuts in the mouth, on the lips;
• areas of baldness, bruising on the head;
• damage to internal organs.

Features of the mental state and behavior of the child, allowing to suspect physical abuse, depending on the age of the child.

Age 3 years - 6 years:

• reconciliation with what happened, lack of resistance;
• passive reaction to pain;
• painful attitude to comments, criticism;
• ingratiating behavior, excessive compliance;
• pseudo-adult behavior (outwardly copies the behavior of adults);
• negativism, aggressiveness;
• deceit, theft;
• cruelty towards animals;

Junior school age:

• the desire to hide the cause of damage and injury;
• loneliness, lack of friends;
• fear of going home after school;

Adolescence:

• runaways from home;
• suicidal attempts;
• delinquent behavior;
• use of alcohol, drugs.

The main features of the behavior of parents or guardians, if they beat children, are:

• conflicting, confusing explanations for the causes of trauma in children;
• blaming the child's own injuries;
• late seeking or not seeking medical attention;
• lack of emotional support and affection in dealing with the child;
• unprovoked aggression towards staff;
• more attention to their own problems than to the damage the child has.

Consequences of child abuse in the family

• withdrawal to religious sects;
• associations in informal groups with a criminal and fascist orientation;
• aggressive, criminal behavior of children;
• children who run away from home die of hunger and cold, become victims of other children who also ran away from domestic violence, etc.

Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Protection of the rights of the child in legislative acts

Family Code of the Russian Federation guarantees:

the right of the child to respect for his human dignity (art. 54)

the right of the child to protection and the obligation of the guardianship and guardianship authority to take measures to protect the child (art. 56)

deprivation of parental rights as a measure to protect children from abuse in the family (art. 69)

immediate removal of a child in case of a direct threat to life and health (Article 77)

Protection of the rights of the child in legislative acts

UN Convention on the Rights of the Child defines the concept of "ill-treatment" and determines the measures of protection (art. 19), and also establishes:

ensuring, to the greatest extent possible, the healthy development of the individual (art. 6)

protection against arbitrary or unlawful interference with personal life child, from encroachments on his honor and reputation (Article 16)

providing measures to combat disease and malnutrition (art. 24)

recognition of the right of every child to a standard of living necessary for physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development (art. 27)

protection of the child from sexual abuse (art. 34)

protection of the child from other forms of abuse (art. 37)

measures to help a child who is a victim of abuse (art. 39)

Stages of solving the problem in Russia

• The year 2010 in Russia has been declared the year of a nationwide information campaign to combat child abuse.
• May 25, 2010 Russian President Dmitry Medvedev supported the movement "Russia - no cruelty to children!" and became its first member.
• In August-September, a unified all-Russian helpline for abused children was created in Russia.
• The site www.ya-parental.ru is already functioning

Children are the main gift for the world, With them the earthly picture is more wonderful. They understand everything, they take on everything The best human life is with them Often their hands are weak, inept, But there is no time for the guys to think about boredom. In the movements, worries, their time passes, Good luck comes to the diligent over the years. Dreams bloom in childhood, Adults often do not know about it. It is necessary to explain the rights to the kids, Much needs to be taught to them. The world will be better on our planet If all children are happy!

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is one of

the most acute and widespread social problems.

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VIOLENT ACTIONS

are committed specifically and aimed at achieving a specific goal;

cause harm (physical, moral, material) to another person;

the rights and freedoms of this person are violated;

make it impossible for victims to effectively defend themselves against violence (the one who commits violence in most cases has advantages)

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Scientific research has established that:

violence in one form or another is committed in every fourth Ukrainian family;

every year about 2 million children under the age of 14 are beaten by their parents;

for 10% of these children, the outcome is death, and for 2,000, suicide;

more than 50,000 children leave home during the year to escape their parents, and 25,000 minors are wanted.

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in 2008, 1,914 children died from child abuse and 2,330 children were maimed;

about 10 thousand parents are deprived of parental rights by the courts and more than 2.5 thousand children are taken away from their parents without such deprivation, since the presence of a child in a family poses a threat to his life and health.

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In 80% of cases, children end up in shelters and orphanages because their parents fail to fulfill their direct duties of upbringing, which poses a real threat to their life and health.

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The main cause of child abuse is internal aggressiveness.

an emotional state that arises as a reaction to the experience of the insurmountability of some barriers or the inaccessibility of something desired.

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Types of child abuse in the family

physical violence;

neglect;

psychological abuse;

sexual abuse.

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PHYSICAL VIOLENCE