The last days and death. Why did Vladimir Vysotsky die. Notes of the doctor Vysotsky before his death
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THE SECRET OF THE DEATH OF VLADIMIR VYSOTSKY ................
Andrey Berezhny ...........................
Thousands of pages have been written about Vladimir Vysotsky. It is all the more difficult to bring something new here, especially for a person who has never been close to a poet who has not communicated. But I know his work well, I try not to miss out on publications about him, especially if their authors are people who knew Vysotsky enough.
I have always been interested in the mystery of the death of Vladimir Vysotsky. I remember very well those days of July, the days of the Olympics ... The news of his death spread rather quickly, although the authorities tried to muzzle information about this event.
I remember how the bitterness of loss was mixed with a feeling of bewilderment, annoyance - why, and why - so early? Why did he leave so suddenly, being at the height of his fame and popularity? Indeed, for many years we did not know anything about the events associated with his death. We do not know much even now. People who could shed light on many of the questions that were next to the poet during the last days, hours and minutes of his life, remain silent. They do not write memoirs, although they knew the poet, perhaps, like no one else.
This article and the questions posed therein are based solely on eyewitness accounts. Based on the materials of scanty interviews related to memories of Vysotsky, our comparison and analysis of these materials. It follows from them that the last people who communicated with the poet, people who played a special (sinister?) Role in his life (death?), Were the chief administrator of the Taganka theater, Valery Yanklovich, and Vysotsky's attending physician Anatoly Fedotov.
In this work, we will restore and consider the last days of Vladimir Vysotsky's life. These last days, according to V. Yanklovich, begin on July 18, 1980: “From July 18, the“ last days ”begin ... Perhaps I am also mistaken. Conclusions and assumptions given here , are purely subjective.
In the morning, the scriptwriter Igor Shevtsov dropped in to see V. They discussed, first of all, the future filming at the Odessa film studio of the film "Green Van", which was going to be directed by V. Vysotsky. In the conversation, the latter dropped the following phrase to his doctors: “They don’t treat me, bastards ...” He felt fine, had a meaningful conversation, and did not bode well. But by evening everything changed dramatically.
Before the play "Hamlet" Vysotsky was already in a very serious condition. The emergency doctor gave him injections. For five minutes, the actor-poet felt better, but then even worse. After the injection of the doctor Fedotov, Vysotsky finished playing his role in the play.
Nikolai Tamrazov, entertainer: "Vladimir Sidorovich Potov was at this performance, he told me:
Volodya had glass eyes.
Vladimir Sidorovich's wife went up to the stage and gave flowers. Volodya took the flowers, completely not understanding from whom, although they were well acquainted. She said:
An almost insane man stood on the stage, took the flowers. I stand with an idiotic smile, waiting for him to react somehow ... No reaction at all. "
V. Vysotsky visits OVIR to obtain a visa to travel to France to his wife. He was denied a visa that day.
Kvecheru, according to A. Fedotov, the poet "left at the peak". But he not only drank, but found time to work. “In these last days, - as V. Yanklovich testifies, - he was still working ... Volodya begins to modify the Second Aeroflot. He writes - "Again I got a chill."
Therefore, there are no eyewitness memories of the day. Most likely, V. Vysotsky spent him at home And spent "stormy", judging by his state of health the next morning.
In the morning Vysotsky felt bad. But by evening he felt better. That evening he played his last play, Crime and Punishment.
Heinrich Pavda, a lawyer, recalls: “I went to see him the day before the last performance. Maybe at twelve, maybe at one o'clock ... I remember well how it happened. We intended to discuss one question, but I found Volodya in a very serious condition - and left.
Valera and I called back: "I don't know if he can play today ... Okay, come to the theater."
In the evening I arrived at Taganka - and was completely shocked (this scene is still in front of my eyes) when I saw Volodya: collected, taut, going down the stairs near the sideboard. And just a few hours ago ...
Volodya was a little embarrassed, because we were not that close ...
You see, I had such a state a little ...
Yes, nonsense ... "
Valery Yanklovich: "The twenty-first -" Crime and Punishment "? Yes, I remember that Volodya really did not want to play. Lyubimov called him ... Galina Nikolaevna phoned several times (Vlasova was the head of the troupe), she said that there would be Japanese ... But it is very problematic whether Volodya played ... "
He played in this performance. This is how Ilya Poroshin, V. Yanklovich's son, recalls this: “On the 21st, with my friend Sashka, who did not fully believe in such a high acquaintance of mine, I came to the theater just to chat, and to see Volodya in Crime and Punishment.” In those days when on the posters there were performances with HIS participation, the theater resembled a pitiful fortress besieged by a countless horde. I no longer went to the whole performances - I saw everything many times - so I watched my favorite pieces, Volodin's pieces. Shelper act. Sasha and I were sitting in the buffet for sandwiches. Near the opposite wall, three of my acquaintances, ardent "Tagan fans", were talking.
Suddenly HE enters. And straight to me. I was somehow extraordinarily happy. I just say: "Here, Uncle Volodya, meet: Sashka is my friend, we are doing karate together." Sashka was dumbfounded, like a nudawa rabbit, looking, shaking his hand. And Volodya, exhausted like that, says to me: "Drink out, and then go to the hall. There will be a very important stage." I TO HIM: "Of course, absolutely." And HE suddenly bent down, kissed my forehead, turned and left. I somehow froze. On the one hand, I was very flattering, joyful - that's all, and Sasha too, they saw how Uncle Volodya loved me. But there was something itching inside. "
Elizaveta Avaldueva, head of the personnel department of the Taganka Theater: "Volodya called on July 22 ...
Elizaveta Innokentyevna, this is Volodya ... - The voice is completely different ...
What Volodya?
Volodya Vysotsky.
Lord, Volodya, what's wrong with you ?!
I'm sick ... I'll probably die soon. "
Valery Yanklovich: "On the twenty-third he received a call from OVIR:
Vladimir Semenovich, go to get your passport.
Ivot July 23 Volodya left the house for the last time. He received a foreign passport at the OVI and bought a ticket to Paris for July 29. “After that he was at the theater.
Elizaveta Avaldueva: "On July 23 he arrived at the theater. Pale, no, not even gray, I have never seen him like this. Then he returned the old brooch to Galina Nikolaevna Vlasova. He took to evaluate it and it is possible to buy it for Marina ..."
Valery Yanklovich: “On the twenty-third evening, there were doctors ... They suggested putting Volodya on the apparatus: a shell conversation in order to do it at the dacha ... Putting it using some new technique - no one in the Union has ever done this. It was agreed that they they will take Volodya on the twenty-fifth ... And when a person is in the hospital, there is always some kind of hope - even if it is illusory ...
Anatoly Fedotov: "They wanted to put him in the hospital, they persuaded him. It's useless! Now it is clear what had to be taken away by force. On July 23, a team of resuscitators arrived from Sklifosovsky. They wanted to conduct him on artificial respiration in order to interrupt dipomania. Probably, the guys were in the apartment for about an hour - they decided to pick it up every other day, when a separate box was vacated.
I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me.
Barbara Nemchik, V.Yaiklovich's wife, US citizen: "On July 23 - we were talking on the phone ... (B.Nemchik called from Rome - V.P.).
How are you doing there? Valera replied:
Can't you hear it yourself?
(Volodya could be heard moaning: "A-a! A-a!")
And so all the time?
All the time..."
Then the fun begins. Vysotsky left the house again. One. Without Yanklovich. Why and why did he let him go? And why is he silent about this? We do not know when and where he left, or rather Vysotsky left. But we know for sure that at about 11 pm he arrived at the restaurant of the All-Union Theater Society with a large amount of money, which for some reason he wanted to get rid of. We will come back to this issue later. In the meantime, let's listen to what he says:
Anatoly Balchev, composer: "I met Vysotsky on July 23 at the restaurant of TO 6. Volodya was in bad shape. He arrived at about eleven in the evening. We sat down at the same table, began to eat something ... All the time people came up: it seemed that they They hadn't seen him for a thousand years, and everyone wanted to have a drink with Volodya ... Seeing his condition, I tried to drive this crowd away ...
Then Volodya asked me:
Tolya, take the bottle with you ... I will not drink - we will only treat you ...
Stillya remembered well that he had a lot of money with him - a whole bundle. It seemed to them that he wanted to get rid of them, tried to give them away ... As if he had a presentiment ...
Yes, I took the bottle ... Volodya, who very rarely trusted anyone with a car, asked him to drive the Mercedes himself. Gave the keys ...
Let's go...
The actor Druzhnikov went with us. When we drove up to the house, he still took this bottle of vodka from me:
I take her, they have to come to me ... Well, it was simply impossible to convince him, to persuade him. It began on the twenty-fourth of July ...
I went home, from home I called Malaya Gruzinskaya. They told me that Volodya was already asleep. I calmed down a bit. "
Valery Yanklovich: "These days Volodya was supposed to speak at the Flight Control Center - direct communication with space. There was a firm agreement, and the representatives of the Mission Control Center arrived at Malaya Gruzinskaya. Volodya already did not leave the house, rushed around the apartment ...
Seva Abdulov and I were supposed to meet these people and say that Volodya is in the hospital ... We met them, explained everything. And we, and they left. Nina Maksimovna (V.Vysotsky's mother - V.P.) remained with Volodya.
But these people did not believe us and returned after a while. They went up to the eighth floor, called ... Nina Maksimovna came out ... Fortunately, at this time Volodya did not moan. After all, for the last two days he just growled, rushed around the apartment ... Probably, he went tens of kilometers. But at that moment he was quiet. Nina Maksimovna said that Volodya was not at home. Then they left completely.
Honestly, I'll tell you - until the very end I believed that he would "jump out", that this time too, he would cheat death. I had such a hope. On the day before his death, Volodya gasped, groaned, kept trying to go somewhere ... Almost in an unconscious state. And suddenly he comes up to me, looks at me with perfectly clear eyes and says:
You know, I'll probably die today. I could not resist:
Aren `t you ashamed! See how many people are spinning around you, have pity on them. Aren't you ashamed to throw such phrases! Calm down, lie down. After all, everyone's strength is already running out.
I was really at the end of my life. After all, all the rest more or less changed, and I was with him practically around the clock. After a while Volodya still looked at me with sober, sober eyes and said an absolutely reasonable thing ... It was with such deceptive enlightenments that he aroused some hopes ... "
Retreating, it should be said that such external enlightenments were observed at this time by Vysotsky (albeit a few days earlier) not only by him. Here is what, for example, I. Poroshin recalls:
As I understood from the conversations, "Volodya is in a deep binge." I have arrived. He sat down. I watch ... Everyone is running, rushing - everything is somehow not right.
I hear Volodin's voice: HE no longer speaks, but something growls terribly. He runs into the room with a glassy gaze (as in the photo as Svidrigailov), looks at me point-blank and ... does not see ... He looks for something convulsively, jumps out onto the stairs, then back. Suddenly it stops, the face suddenly softens, instantly becomes kind, and he says in a very quiet, even gentle voice: "Ah, Ilyushka, hello!" And everything, turned off again. It started. I was very worried. And literally every other day, at night, Volodya and his father picked me up to go to HIM to spend the night. He was fresh, "like a cucumber", all fit. Only as if very, very tired. I was terribly happy, I think it's over, thank God. "
Anatoly Fedotov: “On July 24, I worked ... At about eight o'clock in the evening I dropped into Malaya Gruzinskaya (home to Vysotsky). He was very bad, he rushed about the rooms. He moaned, clutched at his heart. Then, in front of me, he said to Nina Maksimovna:
Mom, I'm going to die today ...
I left on urgent business for a while. Somewhere after twelve Valera (Yanklovich) calls:
Tolya, come and stay with Volodya. I need to shave, rest. I have arrived. He rushed about the apartment. Moaning. This night was very difficult for him. I got an injection of sleeping pills. He toiled all the time. Then he was quiet. "
Valery Yanklovich: “That day I left home at 2 am. And Nina Maksimovna and Seva Abdulov left even earlier. Volodya calmed down a little, Tolya Fedotov and I carried him from his study to the living room. We had to calm him down ...
Anatoly Fedotov: "He fell asleep on a small ottoman, which was then in a large room.
Aya was from shift - tired, exhausted. He lay down and fell asleep - probably three hours later. I woke up from some ominous silence - as if someone had pulled me. And to Volodya! The pupils are dilated, there is no reaction to light. I can breathe, and my lips are already cold. Late.
Between three and a half of five, there was a cardiac arrest on the background of heart
kta. Judging by the clinic - there was an acute myocardial infarction. And when exactly did it stop
heart - hard to say ... Called resuscitation, although it was clear that nothing could be done
it is impossible. Summoned to calm my conscience. I called the police so that later there was no
rumors of a violent death. "
Valery Yanklovich: I came home, turned off the phone and lay down. I already had no strength: it all lasted for almost a week. But suddenly I was as if jerked - I jumped up and turned on the phone. The bell rang immediately. How long has passed since my return home, I do not know. Tolya Fedotov, the doctor who stayed with Volodya in the apartment, picked up the phone:
Valera, come urgently! Volodya is dead!
I jumped out of the house in shock and immediately caught a taxi.
In Sklifosovsky!
I ran to the intensive care unit, the frightened taxi driver followed me. I was hitting like a fever, they gave me an injection there ... The doctors immediately said:
We're going after you!
I am in a taxi, they are in a resuscitation car. We enter the house, there is already Vadim Tumanov with his son. Soon Seva Abdulov drove up. Everyone is in a feverish state. Nobody knows what to do, how to behave ... I say:
Guys, first of all, you need to call the police. This is Vysotsky. "
Vadim Tumanov, a close friend of V. Vysotsky: "On July 25, 1980, at twenty four in the morning, a phone call rang in my apartment. The doctor called:" Volodya died. "
Very serious discrepancies in the testimonies of all these people are striking. First of all, questions arise about the two faces who were the last to see Vysotsky alive - V. Yanklovich and A. Fedotov. Some of them are not telling the truth, maybe both. Attention is drawn to the fact that both mention the summons of the police, although no one seems to ask them about it, and this, it would seem, is not such an important detail. A. Fedotov says that he called the police immediately or almost immediately after Vysotsky's death was ascertained: "so that later there would be no rumors of a violent death." But by the time of V. Yanklovich's arrival, who, moreover, had stopped at the Institute named after V.I. Sklifosovsky (why? Is it because there are "their" doctors?), The police were not in the house yet, although Vadim Tumanov and his son had already been there. By the way, according to Tumanov's testimony, A. Fedotov called him and informed him of his death at 3:40. A. Fedotov himself says that death came "between three and a half past five." According to V. Yanklovich, Vich, he suggests calling the police himself, and "first of all" (also worried about the "violent death" syndrome?). According to him, the police arrived at six in the morning. The city duty officer, a militia general, demands that the body be taken for an autopsy. Vysotsky's father is categorically opposed. Here is how V. Yanklovich testifies to this: “And here we must pay tribute to Semyon Vladimirovich: he categorically forbade the autopsy. And he acted very decisively. Cancellation of the diagnosis would follow. "(?)
They would have learned about the disease ... Everyone who closely communicated or worked with him knew that Vysotsky was drinking alcohol. Marina Vlady and V. Yanklovich knew about drugs. Of course, the attending physician A. Fedotov knew about this. Moreover, there is an impression that in recent days it was he who gave drugs to Vysotsky. Let us recall the play "Hamlet" on July 18 - Vysotsky did not feel better after the injection given by the ambulance doctor, but he was able, albeit with difficulty, to play the part after A. Fedotov's injection, and at the end of the performance he had glass eyes (a characteristic sign of narcotic euphoria !) and did not even recognize Lotova, whom he knew well. At the same time, A. Fedotov himself in his memoirs does not speak (consciously?) About the injection he made behind the scenes to Vysotsky, referring only to the call of the ambulance: "On July 18, 1980, I
the son of the epic "Hamlet" - Valera Yanklovich found me. - Volodya is very bad. I am behind the scenes. They called an ambulance, gave an injection - he barely finished playing, "
But V. Yanklovich quite clearly indicates that there were two injections: “I called an ambulance - Igor Godyaev arrived. The performance had already begun, Volodya was on stage, but managed to get to the stage, and Igor gave him an injection. Ukolvitaminov. For five minutes it got better - he came to life, but then - even worse ... They called the doctor ... Volodya ran away from the stage: Fedotov gave an injection ... With great difficulty he finished the performance ... "
Further. We suspect that A. Fedotov did not give V. Vysotsky an injection of sleeping pills several hours before his death. We suspect that he gave the poet a drug, but did not calculate the dose, which was the immediate cause of death. And on autopsy, it really would have been revealed with complete evidence. Vysotsky already did not care, but for Fedotov it was a prison (the theft of narcotic drugs was punished very severely in those years).
Let us recall Vysotsky's departure from home on the evening of July 23, about which V. Yanklovich is silent. Let us recall the money that Vysotsky had in the WTO restaurant. These money (and the amount was large) were not found. Is it because the poet never had them? But in a restaurant he could not and did not spend them, although, as A. Balchev shows, "he wanted to get rid of them, tried to give them away." Yes, knowing what this money would be spent on, V. Vysotsky wanted to get rid of them, subconsciously realizing that he should not take drugs, although he was already physically unable to resist the withdrawal. By the way, that is why, leaving the restaurant, he asked Balchev to buy a bottle of vodka, which he took from him in front of the house - in this way he hoped to "interrupt" the craving for drugs.
V. Yanklovich: “Therefore, it was necessary to fill out all the documents very quickly, to obtain a medical certificate of death, without an autopsy it is impossible. Father is categorically against an autopsy. We called a doctor we know from Sklifosovsky and through him convinced the pathologists that the prohibition of an autopsy was a matter of decision. In the end, at about twelve o'clock we receive a death certificate - Tolya Fedotov went to the clinic "(of course Fedotov, who else? - AB)
This is how V. Yanklovich and A. Fedotov solved this issue. One may ask why Vysotsky's father objected to the autopsy? Here everything is explained simply: the fact is that without the relatives of the deceased, no efforts by Yanklovich and Fedotov to avoid an autopsy would have been successful. Yanklovich himself informed Vysotsky's father about the death of Vladimir. Here is his testimony about this: "They began to discuss who would call mother, father, Marina ... I said that I could still call my father, but I could not call my mother. Vadim called Nina Maksimovna, I was my father." Further, apparently at the meeting, and maybe by telephone, the poet's father was "convinced" of the undesirability of an autopsy, probably playing on his paternal feelings, which were expressed in his unwillingness to harm his son's reputation with an "alcohol diagnosis", using also his authority as a front-line soldier in solving this issue with the medical and licensed authorities.
Let us also recall that on July 24 after 20:00 A. Fedotov drove to Vysotsky's home and soon left, as he put it, “on urgent matters,” in order to return later. What urgent matters might be at such a time? Did he go for drugs? Narcotic drugs cost a lot of money. Wherever Fedotov got them, he had to pay for them. That is why they did not later find the wad of money in the apartment that Vysotsky had with him in the restaurant. She was paid for drugs, the injection of which killed the poet.
This year marks 24 years since the death of Vladimir Vysotsky. So many years later, can we find out the secret of his death? Criminologists, with whom it was necessary to communicate, argue that the exhumation of Vysotsky's remains could have shed much on the light. But in order to do this, you need permission from the authorities and the obligatory consent of the poet's relatives.
Vladimir Vysotsky's tour in Uzbekistan on July 21-27, 1979 - exactly 34 years ago !! The tour of Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky in Uzbekistan, which took place in the last decade of July 1979, is now known to the general public for the feature film “Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive". Vysotsky and his companions then visited Tashkent, Uchkuduk, Zarafshan, Navoi and Bukhara ... As elsewhere, the audience was ready to listen to him for hours ... A year before his death, Vladimir Vysotsky experienced clinical death. It happened on a tour in Bukhara. Fate gave him this time so that he could finish all his affairs: both personal and creative ... There are memories of people who were next to Vysotsky in July 79th. Administrator V. Goldman: "The first time Volodya died at 6 am, July 27, 1979, in Bukhara. He toured Central Asia. In Navoi, Zarafshan, Uchkuduk, Bukhara. In the very heat ... The conditions of the tour were harsh, Volodya I was obliged to give five - FIVE - concerts a day. Moreover, the last three - in an open area, when a terrible "Afghan" blows, when the sand clogs his mouth. Worked Uchkuduk. Worked Zarafshan. In Zarafshan Volodya felt bad. Somehow we work out Navoi. At night - and we moved only at night - we arrive in Bukhara. Early in the morning Volodya, who seemed to be feeling better, went to the market, returned happy, cheerful. I remember telling him how he was treated to pilaf at the Bukhara market. Then I went into the room. And almost here I heard a terrible cry. We ran into the room. Vysotsky died. " Doctor A. Fedotov: "Breathing stopped, there is no pulsation on the carotid artery ... And already a complete absence of cardiac activity. I had caffeine - injected directly into my heart. And began to do artificial respiration: from mouth to mouth. Seva (Abdulova, - M.Ts.) showed how to do a heart massage. And, apparently, the heart muscle was excited, - the heart began to work. And after five minutes I looked - independent respiratory movements began to appear ... ". Vysotsky did not make it to Samarkand, where the tour was supposed to end. However, it was in this city in 1989 that one of the streets began to bear his name. "This decision was made by the City Council at the request of the amateur song club named after the Soviet singer, poet and actor." Believe it or not, it is said that the street has not yet been renamed, despite the haste with which the local authorities got rid of everything Russian. And this is not the only Vysotsky street in Uzbekistan! As R. Nazarov, who lives in Tashkent, told me (he is the author of a very interesting study "The national question in the life and work of Vladimir Vysotsky", published by the Tula magazine "Horizon" in September 2004. , in the 52nd issue), there is such a street in Tashkent - in the Yunusabad (former Kirov) district of the city. I don't know if beauty will save the world, but there is no doubt that poetry can bring people closer together much better than the loudest speeches. There is also no doubt that the works of national cultures become, if they are worth it, the property of the whole world.
Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky, in his rather short life, possessed a truly real talent and creative genius, the scale of which is so obvious and understandable to everyone, is tantamount to Pushkin's gift. It was Vysotsky's passing away that symbolized the end of the golden era of Soviet art. However, the memory of him and his work is only growing today, as a result of which many begin to ask questions about how the great artist passed away. In order to reveal this great personality even more objectively, one should describe vysotsky's death... For the last three years of his life, Vysotsky was subject to the most terrible addiction - drug addiction. In particular, the artist's first contacts with drugs date back to the seventy-sixth year of the twentieth century. The reason he got hooked on a needle is because one doctor advised him to inject morphine in order to get out of alcoholic binge as quickly as possible.
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There is a version that drugs were offered to Vysotsky by KGB agents, since the lyrics of his songs, on the one hand, were completely harmless, but on the other, they sowed freethinking among citizens in their own way, instilling a dislike for the then state system. In this aspect death of Vladimir Vysotsky it was extremely beneficial to them. However, this version cannot be finally confirmed to date. The great artist reacted to the use of drugs with great zeal, since they provided the opportunity for relaxation and complete pacification without the manifestation of any external visual effects, which could not be said about the use of alcoholic beverages. Also, he must be constantly in a cheerful mood, as this was demanded by his tight work schedule and high status in the society of the USSR. Until the seventy-seventh year, narcotic substances did not play a decisive role in the life of a bard. The situation sharply worsened only by the seventy-eighth year. It is worth noting that morphine was not considered a particularly serious drug in those years, and its use in increased quantities was related to innocent abuse.
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The clinical death that Vysotsky experienced while in Bukhara was due to the use of a drug of unknown composition sold to him on the market instead of morphine. In 1980, his drug addiction becomes acute and painful. He even did a painful blood purification while at a clinic in Paris. As for the events that occurred at the time of his death on the night of the twenty-fourth to the twenty-fifth of July, there are many blank spots and ambiguities in this matter. According to the official version vysotsky's death came from a heart attack. However, afterwards, doctors from the Sklifosovsky Institute argued that the great artist, being under the strong influence of a certain antidepressant, simply suffocated with his own tongue, which collapsed in such a position that it did not allow air to enter the respiratory tract. The doctor who was at the time of the bard's death in his apartment missed this situation, because after a day on duty, he was very tired and fell asleep. Despite the fact that the artist had a bad heart since childhood, he managed to hold out for an impressive amount of time under the destructive effects of drugs, which suggests that he had a truly solid character and iron endurance. Despite his painful departure from life, he managed to die as befits a real hero - with his head held high.
The cause of Vysotsky's death. What really happened?
The death of Vladimir Vysotsky, about whom a lot is known on the one hand, in certain aspects contains in its essence a lot of mysteries and ambiguities. Information about the death of the great artist was obtained exclusively from the words of people who had a certain acquaintance with him. But in such testimony, in a high probability, an unreliable character may prevail, since many are simply profitable to sow falsehood in the issue under consideration. Today, an attempt can be made to search for all those persons who were in the artist's apartment at the time of his death, those who informed his wife about the misfortune that had happened, but even if all these attempts are crowned with success, cause of death of Vysotsky will remain unknown. It is worth noting that various rumors regarding the death of the great artist in question began to appear before his real death. Some suggested that he committed suicide by opening his veins, others argued that the bard shot himself in the head with a pistol. All kinds of gossip appeared instantly.
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However, Vysotsky was very often in intensive care procedures, in his life he suffered a certain number of deaths of a clinical type and ended up in road accidents. In particular, when he was visiting actor Alexander Abdulov, he became very ill. An ambulance brigade was immediately called, but the orderlies very stubbornly refused to transport him to the clinic, as they were afraid that he would die on the road. The most accurate cause of death of Vysotsky was never installed. The reason for this moment was the complete refusal of relatives to carry out the autopsy procedure for the great artist. Many people think that he died from drug use incompatible with life. Others refer to the fact that on the night of his death, he suffocated from his own tongue, under the influence of an increased dose of substances of a relaxing nature. However, according to the official version, confirmed by a medical report, he died of heart failure. It is worth noting that many people knew about the artist's problem with drugs, about the same as they knew that Vysotsky was susceptible to alcohol addiction. To get off the drug needle, he underwent numerous courses of treatment in clinics of different states, used various methods of a folk character, but still returned to drugs.
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Vysotsky left our world in the middle of the Olympic Games, which were held in Moscow, as a result of which the government services tried to hide this fact from the public as carefully as possible, but nothing came of it. Only a few official periodicals published a small obituary stating that the great artist died of a heart attack. It is worth noting that all sorts of attempts to hide the real prerequisites for the death of the bard by the authorities served the moment that cause of death of Vladimir Vysotsky acquired a mysterious and unconfirmed character. At the time of the funeral procession, the great bard was seen off by about fifty thousand people, and there were many who came to say goodbye to him from other cities and there were also some citizens who arrived from other countries. This fact suggests that Vysotsky's work was already recognized during his lifetime and now the nationwide love for his genius and large-scale talent is only growing, despite the fact that a new young generation has already matured in society, which with respect and understanding appreciates his significant contribution into art.
The last days of the life of Vladimir Vysotsky
The fate of Vladimir Vysotsky was in its own way so much triumphant as it was tragic. A great artist and bard, he fully revealed his multifaceted creative genius with his songs and acting images in theater and cinema, as a result of which the public recognized him during his lifetime and until now the fame of his undoubted contribution to national art is only increasing.
but the last days of Vysotsky's life were severe and excruciating due to his addiction to narcotic and relaxing drugs. To reveal the last moments of life of a great man, you should display them in the form of a chronicle:
- On June 22, 1980 of the twentieth century, Vysotsky gives one of his last concerts in Kaliningrad. It is worth noting that it is on him that he becomes really very bad;
- On July 3, Vysotsky performed in Lyubertsy near Moscow, where he already looked noticeably unhealthy, however, instead of the standard one and a half hour concert, he was able to play two hours on stage;
- On July 14, the great bard performed songs from his last repertoire in Moscow;
- On July 16, he holds his final concert in the city of Korolev;
- On the eighteenth of July, Vysotsky plays his famous role of Hamlet for the last time in a theater located in Moscow near the Taganka metro station;
- On the twenty-fifth of July, according to the official version, he dies in his bed from acute heart failure.
The great artist was buried on the twenty-eighth of July. Place, where Vysotsky is buried, is the Vagankovskoye cemetery. The cause of his death today cannot be precisely specified, since the autopsy, according to the decision of the relatives, did not follow. In this regard, there are many versions of his death, provided by doctors, as well as Vysotsky's close friends. In most cases, they are implausible.
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Despite the fact that the Olympic Games were held in Moscow, and the state authorities issued a decision to restrict the entry of citizens from other cities into the capital, many managed to get to the farewell ceremony with the great man. It should be noted that there is a version that after the burial of Vysotsky, his relatives exhumed the remains and took them with them, so his grave may be empty.
Today is the anniversary of the death of Vladimir Vysotsky on July 25, 1980. The funeral of Vladimir Semenovich Vysotsky took place on July 28, 1980.
"... He did not return from the battle ..." ...
On June 2, 1980, one of Vysotsky's last concerts (in Kaliningrad) took place, at which he felt bad. On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky performed at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow Region, where, according to eyewitnesses, he looked unhealthy, said that he was not feeling well, but he was cheerful on stage and, instead of one and a half hours planned, played a two-hour concert. On July 14, 1980, while performing at NIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky sang one of his last songs - "My sadness, my melancholy ... A variation on gypsy themes." On July 16, he held his last concert in Kaliningrad near Moscow (now Korolev). July 18, 1980 V. Vysotsky last appeared in public, in his most famous role at the Taganka Theater, in the role of Hamlet.
On the night of July 25, 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky died in his sleep in his Moscow apartment. The immediate cause of death remains controversial as no autopsy was performed. According to some (in particular, Stanislav Shcherbakov and Leonid Sulpovar), the cause of death was asphyxia, according to others - acute myocardial infarction. Anatoly Fedotov, whom different people characterize in different ways - both as the personal doctor of Vysotsky, the man who saved him from clinical death on July 25, 1979 in Bukhara (the fact of which, however, is disputed), and as a doctor who "slept" Vysotsky on July 25 1980, testifies: “On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came to see me.
They wanted to hold him on artificial respiration to interrupt dipsomania. There was a plan to bring this apparatus to his dacha. Probably, the guys were in the apartment for about an hour, they decided to pick it up every other day, when a separate box was vacated. I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me. On July 24, I worked ... At about eight o'clock in the evening I dropped into Malaya Gruzinskaya. He felt very bad, he rushed about the rooms. Moaning, clutching his heart. Then in my presence he said to Nina Maksimovna: "Mom, I will die today ..." He rushed about the apartment. Moaning. This night was very difficult for him. I got an injection of sleeping pills. He was still toiling. Then he was quiet. He fell asleep on a small couch, which then stood in the large room. ... Between three and a half of five, there was a cardiac arrest on the background of a heart attack. Judging by the clinic, there was an acute myocardial infarction ”. Vladimir Vysotsky died during the XX Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. Messages about the death of Vladimir Vysotsky, except for two messages in "Evening Moscow" (about the death and date of the civil funeral service) and an obituary in the newspaper "Soviet Culture" (and after the funeral - Alla Demidova's article in memory of V. Vysotsky in "Soviet Russia") in the Soviet media practically did not print. A simple announcement was posted above the box office window: "Actor Vladimir Vysotsky has died." And, nevertheless, a huge crowd gathered at the Taganka Theater, where he worked, which was there for several days (on the day of the funeral, the roofs of buildings around Taganskaya Square were also filled with people). However, none of those who bought tickets returned them. On July 28, 1980, in the building of the Taganka Theater, a civil funeral service, a farewell ceremony and a funeral were held at the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow (site number 1, to the right of the entrance). Vysotsky was buried, it seemed, all of Moscow.
Funeral of V.S. Vysotsky, 28.07.1980. Video.
Vladimir Semyonovich Vysotsky (January 25, 1938, Moscow - July 25, 1980, Moscow) - Soviet poet, actor and songwriter. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1987, posthumously).
Vladimir Vysotsky played dozens of roles in the theater, including Hamlet (Hamlet by W. Shakespeare), Galileo (The Life of Galileo by B. Brecht), Lopakhin (The Cherry Orchard by A. Chekhov). The most notable works in cinema are his roles in the films "The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed", "Little Tragedies", "Intervention", "The Master of the Taiga", "Vertical", "Two Comrades Served", "The Tale of How Tsar Peter the Arap got married ”,“ Short meetings ”,“ Bad good man ”. Actor of the Taganka Theater of Drama and Comedy in Moscow.
Vladimir Vysotsky went down in history as an author-performer of his songs with an acoustic seven-string "Russian" guitar. According to the results of a survey by VTsIOM, conducted in 2010, Vysotsky took second place in the list of "idols of the 20th century" after Yuri Gagarin. A poll conducted by FOM in mid-July 2011 showed that, despite a decline in interest in Vysotsky's work, the absolute majority (98%) of Russians are familiar with the name "Vladimir Vysotsky", and about 70% answered that they like his songs and consider him creativity is an important phenomenon of national culture of the XX century.
Father - Semyon Vladimirovich (Volfovich) Vysotsky (1915-1997) - a native of Kiev, military signalman, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, holder of more than 20 orders and medals, honorary citizen of the cities of Kladno and Prague, colonel.
Uncle - Alexey Vladimirovich Vysotsky (1919-1977) - writer, participant of the Great Patriotic War, artilleryman, holder of three Orders of the Red Banner, colonel.
At present, researchers agree that the Vysotsky family comes from the town of Selets, Pruzhany district, Grodno province, now - Brest region, Belarus. The surname is probably associated with the name of the city of Vysokoe Kamenetsky district of the Brest region.
Mother - Nina Maksimovna (nee Seryogina, 1912-2003). She graduated from the Moscow Institute of Foreign Languages, worked as a translator-referent of the German language in the foreign department of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, then as a guide at Intourist. In the early years of the war, she served in the transcription bureau at the Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. She graduated from her career as the head of the technical documentation bureau at NIIkhimmash.
"Ballad of Childhood"
Vladimir Vysotsky was born on January 25, 1938, at 9 hours 40 minutes in Moscow in maternity hospital No. 8 of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow on Tretya Meshchanskaya street (now it is Shchepkina street, house 61/2; the building belongs to M.F. Vladimirsky MONIKI, on the building attached plaque with the date of birth of the poet). He spent his early childhood in a Moscow communal apartment at 126 1st Meshchanskaya Street (the house was demolished in 1955, in its place in 1956 a new one was built, whose address since 1957 is Mira Avenue, 76): “... 38 rooms only one restroom ... "- wrote in 1975 Vysotsky about his early childhood. During the Great Patriotic War in 1941-1943 he lived with his mother in evacuation in the village of Vorontsovka, 25 km from the regional center - the city of Buzuluk, Chkalovsk (now Orenburg) region. In 1943 he returned to Moscow, at 126 1st Meshchanskaya Street. In 1945, Vysotsky went to the first grade of the 273rd school of the Rostokinsky district of Moscow. The building of the former school is located at Prospect Mira, 68 c3.
After the divorce of his parents, in 1947, Vladimir moved to live with his father and his second wife, Evgenia Stepanovna Vysotskaya-Likhalatova (née Martirosova) (1918-1988), whom Vysotsky himself called “mother Zhenya” and was later even baptized in the Armenian apostolic church to emphasize the special attitude towards her. In 1947-1949 they lived in the city of Eberswalde (Germany), at their father's place of service, where young Volodya learned to play the piano.
In October 1949, he returned to Moscow and entered the 5th grade of male secondary school No. 186 (currently, the main building of the Russian Law Academy of the Ministry of Justice is located there, on Bolshoy Karetny lane, building 10a). At this time, the Vysotsky family lived at 15 Bolshoy Karetny Lane, apt. 4. (On the house there is a memorial plaque made by the Moscow architect Robert Rubenovich Gasparyan - the first, back in Soviet times, a memorial plaque of a popular idol). This lane is immortalized in his song "Bolshoy Karetny".
Since 1953, Vysotsky attended the drama club in the Teacher's House, led by the Moscow Art Theater artist V. Bogomolov. In 1955 he graduated from high school No. 186, and, at the insistence of relatives, entered the mechanical faculty of the Moscow Civil Engineering Institute. Kuibyshev, from which he left after the first semester.
From 1955 to 1963 Vysotsky lived with his mother, first on 1st Meshchanskaya 126, and then, in a new house built in 1956 on this place, on Mira Avenue 76, in apartment 62 on the fourth floor. Vladimir also spent a lot of time at Bolshoi Karetny with friends. He dedicated epigrams to them. According to the recollections of this time, in 1964 he wrote a song with the words "After all, the first house from the corner in Karetny Ryad is For friends, for friends."
One of the legends about Vladimir Vysotsky tells that the decision to leave the IISS was made on New Year's Eve from 1955 to 1956. Together with Vysotsky's school friend, Igor Kokhanovsky, it was decided to spend New Year's Eve in a very peculiar manner - for the execution of drawings, without which they would not be allowed to the session. Somewhere in the second hour of the night, the drawings were ready. But then, allegedly, Vysotsky got up and, taking a jar of ink from the table (according to another version, with the remnants of strong brewed coffee), began to pour its contents over his drawing. "All. I will prepare, I have another six months, I will try to enter the theater. And this is not mine ... ". Vysotsky's statement about expulsion from the institute of his own free will was signed on December 23, 1955.
From 1956 to 1960 Vysotsky was a student of the acting department of the Moscow Art Theater School. V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. He studies with B.I. Vershilov, then with P.V. Massalsky and A.M. Komissarov. 1959 was marked by the first theatrical work (the role of Porfiry Petrovich in the educational play "Crime and Punishment") and the first role in the cinema (the film "Companions", the episodic role of the student Petit). In 1960, there was the first mention of Vysotsky in the central press, in the article by L. Sergeev "19 from the Moscow Art Theater" ("Soviet Culture", 1960, June 28).
During his first year studies, V. Vysotsky met Iza Zhukova, whom he married in the spring of 1960. In 1960-1964, Vysotsky worked (intermittently) at the Moscow Pushkin Drama Theater. He played the role of Leshy in the play "The Scarlet Flower" based on the fairy tale of ST Aksakov, and also about 10 more roles, mostly episodic. In 1961, on the set of the movie "713th Asks for Landing", he met Lyudmila Abramova, who became his second wife (the marriage was officially registered in 1965). At the end of 1963, Vysotsky and his mother received an apartment on Shvernik Street, house 11, building 4, apartment 41, where Vladimir and Lyudmila's second son Nikita was born (the house was demolished during the restructuring of microdistricts from five-story buildings in 1998). When the couple parted in 1968, the whole country already knew Vysotsky from the songs from the movie "Vertical", in which he starred.
Vysotsky wrote his first poem "My Oath" as a student of the 8th grade, on March 8, 1953. It was dedicated to the memory of Stalin. In it, the poet expressed a feeling of grief for the recently deceased leader. In the early 1960s, Vysotsky's first songs appeared. The song "Tattoo", written on July 27, 1961 in Leningrad, is considered by many to be the first. Vysotsky himself repeatedly called it such. This song marked the beginning of a cycle of "thieves" themes. However, there is a song "49 days", dated 1960, about the feat of four Soviet soldiers who drifted and survived in the Pacific Ocean. The author's attitude to the song was very critical: in the autograph she was given the subtitle "A guide for beginners and complete hack-workers", with an explanation at the end that "poems can be written in the same way" on any relevant topics. “You just need to take names and sometimes read newspapers.” But, despite the fact that Vysotsky seemed to exclude this song from his work (calling "Tattoo" the first), the phonograms of her performances in 1964-1969 are known.
Having worked for less than two months at the Moscow Theater of Miniatures, Vladimir unsuccessfully tried to enter the Sovremennik Theater. In 1964, Vysotsky created his first songs for films and went to work at the Moscow Drama and Comedy Theater on Taganka. Poetic and songwriting, along with work in theater and cinema, became the main business of his life. In the Taganka Theater, V.S.Vysotsky worked until the end of his life. In July 1967, Vladimir Vysotsky met a French actress of Russian origin Marina Vladi (Marina Vladimirovna Polyakova), who became his third wife (December 1970).
In the summer of 1969, Vysotsky had a severe attack, and then he survived only thanks to Marina Vlady, who was in Moscow at that time. Fortunately, the doctors brought Vysotsky to the Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine on time, a few more minutes of delay - and he would not have survived. Doctors fought for his life for 18 hours. It turned out that the cause of the bleeding was a vessel bursting in his throat, but for some time there were rumors in the theater circles about his other serious illness.
In November 1971, the Taganka Theater hosted the premiere of the play "Hamlet" based on Shakespeare's tragedy of the same name (directed by Y. P. Lyubimov), in which Vysotsky played the main role.
In 1975, Vysotsky settled in a three-room cooperative apartment with an area of \u200b\u200b115 m² on the 8th floor in a newly built 14-storey brick building at 28 Malaya Gruzinskaya Street, apartment 30.
Vysotsky gave over a thousand concerts in the USSR and abroad.
I have something to sing, presenting myself before the Almighty, I have something to justify myself before Him.
Blessed memory of the poet!
It is alleged that Vladimir Vysotsky suffered from alcohol addiction for many years; from serious conditions, when the kidneys failed and heart problems arose, the doctors removed the actor with the help of narcotic substances; and if not the doctors themselves thus "hooked" Vysotsky to drugs, then, in any case, they unintentionally suggested a way to "cure" alcoholism: in the late 1970s, alcohol was replaced by morphine, while the doses were constantly increasing.
According to Marina Vlady, attempts at treatment did not give results, and, according to V. Perevozchikov, at the beginning of 1980, Vladimir Vysotsky was already doomed: he was predicted to die soon either from a drug overdose or from withdrawal (withdrawal). Exactly one year before his death, in July 1979, Vladimir Vysotsky had already experienced clinical death during a tour in Bukhara. In July 1980, in connection with the Olympic Games in Moscow, the actor, according to the same Perevozchikov, again had problems with the acquisition of drugs.
Other sources generally refute the use of alcohol by Vysotsky in the last years of his life. Director Igor Maslennikov recalled in an interview:
And Livanov was "sewn up" at that time. We had to do it. Before filming began, we asked Marina Vlady through Vysotsky to send a drug from Paris that we did not produce. And Volodya, together with Oleg Dal, caught Livanov all over Moscow to "sew up". - Why exactly they? - Because they were his friends and “colleagues” in this area, and therefore authorities.
This happened during the filming by Maslennikov in 1980 of The Dogs of the Baskervilles, when, according to the film, Vysotsky. Thank you for being alive. ”Vysotsky was a dying alcoholic and drug addict. (Earlier, in 1973, Vysotsky helped Dal in the same way; Marina Vladi brought the drug Esperal from Paris, and as a result, Oleg Dal stopped drinking. In early 1976, Dal started drinking again, but called Vysotsky, who demanded that he come and gave Esperal).
- On April 16, 1980, the last filming of Vysotsky's concert at the Leningrad BDT took place, where he sang the songs "Finicky Horses", "Domes", "Wolf Hunt" and talked about his work. A fragment of this shooting was included in V. Vinogradov's program “I am returning your portrait”. On the reverse side of the double album "Sons Go to Battle" there are photographs from this particular concert.
- On June 2, 1980, one of Vysotsky's last concerts (in Kaliningrad) took place, at which he felt bad.
- On July 3, 1980, Vysotsky performed at the Lyubertsy City Palace of Culture in the Moscow Region, where, according to eyewitnesses, he looked unhealthy, said that he was not feeling well, but he was cheerful on stage and, instead of one and a half hours planned, played a two-hour concert.
- On July 14, 1980, during a speech at MNIIEM (Moscow), Vladimir Vysotsky sang one of his last songs - "My sadness, my anguish ... A variation on gypsy themes."
- On July 16, he held his last concert in Kaliningrad near Moscow (now Korolev).
- On July 18, 1980, Vysotsky last appeared in his most famous role at the Taganka Theater, in the role of Hamlet in the production of the same name based on Shakespeare.
- On July 25, 1980, Vysotsky died in his sleep in his Moscow apartment. He was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery (site No. 1).
The immediate cause of death remains controversial as no autopsy was performed. According to some (in particular, Stanislav Shcherbakov and Leonid Sulpovar), the cause of death was asphyxia, according to others - acute myocardial infarction. So Anatoly Fedotov, whom different people characterize in different ways - both as the personal doctor of Vysotsky, the man who saved him from clinical death on July 25, 1979 in Bukhara (the fact of which, however, is disputed), and as a doctor who "slept through" Vysotsky on July 25, 1980, testifies:
“On July 23, a team of resuscitators from Sklifosovsky came to see me. They wanted to hold him on artificial respiration to interrupt dipsomania. There was a plan to bring this apparatus to his dacha. Probably, the guys were in the apartment for about an hour, they decided to pick it up every other day, when a separate box was vacated. I was left alone with Volodya - he was already asleep. Then Valera Yanklovich replaced me. I worked on July 24. At about eight o'clock in the evening I dropped into Malaya Gruzinskaya. He felt very bad, he rushed about the rooms. Moaning, clutching his heart. It was then, in my presence, he said to Nina Maksimovna: "Mom, I will die today ..."
“... He rushed around the apartment. Moaning. This night was very difficult for him. I got an injection of sleeping pills. He toiled all the time. Then he was quiet. He fell asleep on a small couch, which then stood in the large room. ... Between three and a half of five, there was a cardiac arrest on the background of a heart attack. Judging by the clinic - there was an acute myocardial infarction "
According to Marina Vladi and Perevozchikov, the fact that Vladimir Vysotsky was killed by drugs remains indisputable, although no one wrote about death from an overdose.
“I have something to sing, appearing before the Almighty,
I have something to justify myself before Him. "
