Parts and structure of the olfactory brain. Olfactory brain and limbic system. Building and functions. Transparent partition, hypokap, brain arch, almonds. Structures of the limbic system
The olfactory brain, Rhinencephalon, is the phylogenetically the most ancient part of the front brain, which arose in connection with the analyzer of the sentence, when the front brain did not yet
animal behavior body. Therefore, all components are different parts of the olfactory analyzer.
In fish, almost the entire front brain is the sense of smell. With the development of a new bark, which is observed in mammals and a person, a new part of the front brain is developing (
nEENCEPHALON) - Cloak, Pallidum. But the raincoat passes its long path of development and contains three parts of different phylogenetic prescription. Older parts:
1. Paleopallum included in the composition of the temporal share. Initially, this department was located on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, but in the future, under the influence of strongly
increased Neopallium, he curled into a sausage formation - hippocampus and shifted to medially in the cavity of the lateral ventricular of the final brain as a protrusion of his
lower horns. Hippocampus is covered with ancient bark, PaleoCortex.
2. Archipallium is a small area of \u200b\u200bthe cortex on the ventral surface of the frontal share lying near the Bulbus Olfactorius and covered with old bark, Archicortex.
3. Neopallium, a new raincoat, in the cortex of which, NeoCortex, appeared the highest sense of smell - the cortical ends of the analyzer. This is Uncus, which is part of the vaulted
area.
As a result, the human olfactory brain contains a number of formations of various origins, which can be topographically divided into two departments. Peripherals
the department is an olfactory share, Lobus Olfactorius, under which there is a series of formations lying on the basis of the brain:
1) Bulbus Olfactorius;
2) TRACTUS OLFACTORIUS;
3) TRIGONUM OLFACTORIUM;
4) Substantia Perforata Anterior.
Central Division - It is gill brain:
1) Paragipocampal clearing, Gyrus Parahippocampalis;
2) Togolin, Gyrus dentatus;
3) vaulted expansion, Gyrus Fornicatus, from the front part of it near the temporal pole - Crochet, Uncus.
Side ventricles
In the hemispheres of the final brain below the level of the corpulent body, symmetrically on the sides of the midline two side ventricles, Ventriculus Lateralis separated from
upper thelitral surface of the hemispheres of the entire thickness of the brainstant. The cavity of each side ventricle corresponds to the shape of the hemisphere: it begins in the frontal share in
the form is bent down and in the lateral side of the front horns, Cornu Anterius hence it through the dumpling area stretches under the title of the central part, Pars Centralis which
at the level (thicker of the temporal share) and the rear rogue, Cornu Posterius (in the occipital share).
The extreme wall of the front horns is formed by Septum Pellucidum, which separates the front horn from the same horn of another hemisphere.
Lateral wall and partly the bottom of the front horns are busy raised gray, tail core head, Caput Nuclei Caudati, and the top wall is formed fibers
corn body. The roof of the central, the most narrow part of the side ventricle also consists of a molding body fibers, the bottom is composed of the continuation of the taper,
corpus Nuclei Caudati, and parts of the upper surface of the Talamus. The rear rog is surrounded by a layer of white nerve fibers originating from the corpus body, the so-called Tapeetum
(cover); On his medial wall noticeable roller - bird spur, Calcar AVIS, formed by the pressing from Sulcus Calcarinus, located on the medial surface
hemisphere. The upper orteral wall of the lower horns is formed by Tapetum, which make up the continuation of the same formation surrounding the rear rog. From the medial side on
the top wall passes the bending down the book and the quiver the sophisticated part of the tail core - Cauda Nuclei Caudati.
On the medial wall of the lower horns stretched all over white color Elevation - Hippocampus, Hippocampus, which is formed due to the pressure from deep
cutting outside Sulcus Hippocampi. The front end of Hippocampus is separated by furrows into several small tubercles. On the medial edge of the hippocampus goes so
called fringe, Fimbria Hippocampi, imagined the continuation of the CRUS FOOD (CRUS Fornicis).
At the bottom of the lower horns there is a roller, Eminencia collateralis, originating from the pressure outside the sorrows of the same name. From the medial side of the side ventricle in his
the central part and the bottom horn is coming a soft brain shell forming a vascular plexus, Plexus Choroideus Ventriculi Lateralis. The plexus is covered with epithelium,
representing the rest of the underdeveloped medial wall of the ventricle. Plexus Choroideus Ventriculi Lateralis is the lateral edge of Tela Choroidea Ventriculi Tertii.
171 173 ..Olfactory brain (human anatomy)
TO i smell, Rhinencephalon, include olfactory bulb, bulbus olfactorius, olfactory tract, tractus olfactorius, olfactory triangle, trigonum olfactorium, anterior perforated substance, substantia perforata anterior, meander belt, gyrus cinguli, isthmus, isthmus, paragippokampalnaya gyrus, gyrus parahippocampalis, dentate gyrus, Gyrus dentatus, and hippocampus, hippocampus.
The convolution of the belt, the experiencies, paragapocampal clearing, hippocampus, gentlery, arch and almond-shaped body are part of the limbic system. It is believed that this system performs not only an olfactory function, but also has important In the processes of synthesis of afferent irritations, emotional reactions and reactions of the so-called congenital behavior (sex, search and defensive). For connections in the system of formations of the olfactory brain, see the conducting ways of the olfactory analyzer.
Subcortical nuclei (human anatomy)
The subcortical kernels are located in the white substance of the hemispheres of the brain closer to their base, and therefore these nuclei are sometimes called basal. They form three paired gray substance clusters: striped body, Corpus Striatum, almond-shaped body, Corpus amygdaloideum, and fence, claustrum (Fig. 208).
Fig. 208. Frontal section of a hemisphere, passing a corter striped body and a visual borgon. 1 - arch; 2 - vascular plexus III ventricle; 3 - vascular plexus of the side ventricle; 4 - side ventricles; 5 - taper kernel; 6 - rear leg of the inner capsule; 7 - shell; 8 - Pale ball; 9 - external capsule; 10 - fence; 11 - side groove of the brain; 12, 14, 15 - upper, medium and lower temporal winding; 13 - island; 16 - paragipocampal clearing; 17 - Overallic nerve; 18 - bridge; 19 - core of the downtal body; 20 - a visual tract; 21 - III of the ventricle; 22 - Mercigor's battle; 23-25 \u200b\u200b- the core of the optic nerve; 26, 28, 31 - lower, medium and upper frontal winding; 27 - corn body; 29 - the convolution of the belt; 30 - Broker Bow
Striped body consists of two nuclei: tail, nucleus Caudatus, and lentiform, nucleus lentiformis.
The tail core is a rounded form of education, which in the form of an arc surrounds a visual borgon and lentilicular core. Sharply thickened, the mace-shaped front of the taper is called the head, Caput Nuclei Caudati. The head of the head is thinning and forms the body of the taper core, Corpus Nuclei Caudati, which goes into the tail, Cauda Nuclei Caudati. Head, body and tail participate in the formation of the walls of the side of the brain.
The lental core is a large pyramidal form of a gray substance cluster, which is located the duck from the taper kernel and the visual head and separated from them the inner capsule. The convex outer surface of the lentil the kernel is addressed to the island, and the narrowed vertex is inside and down. The lental core is heterogeneously in its structure and is separated by plates of white substance into three parts: outdoor, dark color - shell, Puta-Mep, and two light media - pale ball, Globus Pallidus. The tail and lentilicular nucleus is the main link of the extrapyramidal system, the main function of which is the implementation of complex unconditional reflector motor acts.
Fence , Claustrum, is a relatively thin plate of gray substance, which is located in a white substance separating the outer surface, Putamen and Corra Island. White substancewhich shares the fence and the shell, called the outer capsule, Capsula Externa, and the white substance area between the fence and the crust of the island is an external capsule, Capsula Extrema. The fence is a complex formation, the links of which to date have little studied, and the functional significance is not clear.
The topographically, the olfactory brain is divided into two departments: peripheral and central.
TO peripheral department relate:
Olfactory bulb bulbus Olfactorius.;
Olfactory tract tractus Olfactorius.;
Olfactory triangle trigonum Olfactorium.;
Front forceded substance substantia Perforata Anterior..
Central Division:
Vaulted gyrus Fornicatus.;
Coggy gyrus dentatus.;
Hippocampus, hyppocampus.
The main solutions of the olfactory brain form the arch, which begins in the form of narrow buffling Ammoniyev Horn.On each side, they rise from the lower horns of the side ventricle to splenium Corporis Callosi.and go to the legs of the arch . Latest come closer to form the body of the arch , which continues the kpeed to the area of \u200b\u200bthe interventricular opening, where it is divided into the columns of the arch . Poles in the form of white cylindrical heavyways pass the curved arc in front of the visual bulb and behind the front brain spike immerse yourself in the depth and ends in the nobble bodies.
Lymbic system
The limbic system includes a number of cortical and subcortical formations, which form the so-called "circle hippocampes" (Papez's circle).
Correspondent structuresinclude:
1. Waist shroud or upper limbic cleaner.
2. Paragipocampal exposure or lower limbic clever.
3. Hippocampus .
4. Togulov .
5. Ribbon Cross .
Among subcortical formations the limbic system includes:
1. The olfactory bulb, the tract and triangle.
2. Almond-shaped body .
3. Front and medial cores of the viewing .
4. Cores of transparent partition .
5. Core leash .
6. Peduced bodies .
7. Interchangeable core of the middle brain .
8. Central gray brain water supply .
9. The system of conducting paths that provide a connection between these formations, and the main path is the arch.
The limbic system is closely linked to the reticular formation of the brain barrel both structurally and functionally. Together they combine the concept limbico-reticulinary complex.
The entire flow of sensory information from inter-and exteroraceptors, including receptor fields of senses, flows into the limbic system. On this basis here is going primary synthesis of status informationthe internal environment of the body and on the factors of the external environment affecting the body, and are formed elementary needs(for example, the need for water and food, self-defense, etc.). These needs are biological motivations (motive - motivation) for a certain type of behavior (for example, food search), which is accompanied by a specific emotional color. Depending on the achievability of the result, emotions can be both positive and negative. In other words, the eternal irresistible "want" and really feasible "I can" face. Therefore, such behavior that has a specific biological cause - a motive and a certain emotional color, got a name emotional motivational behavior.It is one of the main functions of a limbic brain system. The satisfaction of biological needs is aimed at maintaining homeostasis and, consequently, survival of the biological system. Control of the state of the inner medium provide vegetative and endocrine systems, and limbic systemin this way, provides the regulation of vegetative-visceral-humoral relations.
The level of consciousness is dependent on the state of the limbic system, and therefore the activity of motor and mental functions, speech and attention, memory, the state of wakefulness and sleep.
The defeat of the limbic system leads to pronounced changes in the emotional sphere, vegetative and endocrine disorders, sleep disorders, memory. Pathological processes associated with damage to one of the links of the limbic system lead to rough memory disorders in the form of a violation of the storage of current events. Traces of memory disappear after 2-3 minutes. Just seen, read, heard immediately forgotten, while the events of the past, fixed during the period of health, are easily reproduced.
The olfactory brain, Rhinencephalon, is the phylogenetically the most ancient part of the front brain, which arose in connection with the analyzer of the sentence, when the front brain did not yet
animal behavior body. For this reason, the components of it are different parts of the olfactory analyzer.
In fish, almost the entire front brain is the sense of smell. With the development of a new bark, which is observed in mammals and a person, a new part of the front brain is developing (
nEENCEPHALON) - Cloak, Pallidum. But the raincoat passes its long path of development and contains three parts of different phylogenetic prescription. Older parts:
1. Paleopallum included in the composition of the temporal share. Initially, this department was located on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, but in the future, under the influence of strongly
increased Neopallium, he curled into a sausage formation - hippocampus and shifted to medially in the cavity of the lateral ventricular of the final brain as a protrusion of his
lower horns. Hippocampus is covered with ancient bark, PaleoCortex.
2. Archipallium is a small area of \u200b\u200bthe cortex on the ventral surface of the frontal share lying near the Bulbus Olfactorius and covered with old bark, Archicortex.
3. Neopallium, a new raincoat, in the cortex of which, NeoCortex, appeared the highest sense of smell - the cortical ends of the analyzer. This is Uncus, which is part of the vaulted
area.
As a result, the human olfactory brain contains a number of formations of various origins, which can be topographically divided into two departments. Peripherals
the department is an olfactory share, Lobus Olfactorius, under which there is a series of formations lying on the basis of the brain:
1) Bulbus Olfactorius;
2) TRACTUS OLFACTORIUS;
3) TRIGONUM OLFACTORIUM;
4) Substantia Perforata Anterior.
The central department is winding brain:
1) Paragipocampal clearing, Gyrus Parahippocampalis;
2) Togolin, Gyrus dentatus;
3) vaulted expansion, Gyrus Fornicatus, from the front part of it near the temporal pole - Crochet, Uncus.
Side ventricles
In the hemispheres of the final brain below the level of the corpulent body, symmetrically on the sides of the midline two side ventricles, VENTRICULUS LATERALIS, separated from
upper thelitral surface of the hemispheres of the thickness of the brainstant. The cavity of each side ventricle corresponds to the shape of the hemisphere: it begins in the frontal share in
the form is bent down and in the lateral side of the front horns, Cornu Anterius hence it through the dumpling area stretches under the title of the central part, Pars Centralis which
at the level (thicker of the temporal share) and the rear rogue, Cornu Posterius (in the occipital share).
The extreme wall of the front horns is formed by Septum Pellucidum, which separates the front horn from the same horn of another hemisphere.
The lateral wall and partly the bottom of the front horns are engaged in the elevation of the gray color of the tail core, Caput Nuclei Caudati, and the upper wall is formed fibers
corn body. The roof of the central, the most narrow part of the side ventricle also consists of a molding body fibers, the bottom is composed of the continuation of the taper,
corpus Nuclei Caudati, and parts of the upper surface of the Talamus. The rear rog is surrounded by a layer of white nerve fibers originating from the corpus body, the so-called Tapeetum
(cover); On his medial wall noticeable roller - bird spur, Calcar AVIS, formed by the pressing from Sulcus Calcarinus, located on the medial surface
hemisphere. The topless wall of the lower horns is formed by Tapeetum, which make up the continuation of the same formation surrounding the rear ro. From the medial side on
the top wall passes the bending down the book and the quiver the sophisticated part of the tail core - Cauda Nuclei Caudati.
On the medial wall of the lower horns on the whole length stretches the white collar elevation - hippocampus, Hippocampus, which is formed due to the pressure from deep
cutting outside Sulcus Hippocampi. The front end of Hippocampus is separated by furrows into several small tubercles. On the medial edge of the hippocampus goes so
called fringe, Fimbria Hippocampi, imagined the continuation of the CRUS FOOD (CRUS Fornicis).
At the bottom of the lower horns there is a roller, Eminencia collateralis, originating from the pressure outside the sorrows of the same name. From the medial side of the side ventricle in his
the central part and the bottom horn is left of the soft brain shell, forming a vascular plexus in this place, Plexus Choroideus Ventriculi Lateralis. The plexus is covered with epithelium,
representing the rest of the underdeveloped medial wall of the ventricle. Plexus Choroideus Ventriculi Lateralis is the lateral edge of Tela Choroidea Ventriculi Tertii.
The olfactory brain is the concept and species. Classification and features of the category "olfactory brain" 2017, 2018.
Fig.8. Fig.7. IV ventricle Fig.6 axons of neurons of the reticular formation of the bridge go to the cerebellum, in the spinal cord (reticulospinal path). The latter activate neurons spinal cord. The reticular formation of the bridge affects the bark of the brain, causing it ....
The topographically, the olfactory brain is divided into two departments: peripheral and central. The peripheral department includes: olfactory bulb, Bulbus Olfactorius; olfactory tract, tractus olfactorius; olfactory triangle, trigonum olfactorium; Front crooked ....
Basal cores are called massive subcortex nuclei of the final brain. These include: Striped Body, Corpus Striatum; fence, claustrum; Almond-shaped body, Corpus amygdaloideum. A striped body consists of a taper nucleus, Nucleus Caudatus, and lentilicular, Nucleus Lentiformis. Front ...
The olfactory brain, its central and peripheral departments. According to modern ideas in the process of evolution of vertebrate, the olfactory brain is based as an organizer of holistic functions related to the formation of all certainly ...
1. Lateral olfactory furridge - Sulcus Rhinalis Lateralis. 2. Medial olfactory furrows - Sulcus Rhinalis Medialis. 3. The olfactory bulb is Bulbus Olfactorius. Olfatory nerve - nervus olfactorius. Stomach - Ventriculus Bulbi Olfactorii. 4. Olnoplative legs - Pedunculus Olfactorius: lateral olfactory ....
Table of contents of the topic "The structure of the cerebral cortex. Olfactory brain. Side ventricles. White substance Hemisphey. Conducting paths.":
Olfactory brain, rhinencephalon, there is a phylogenetically the most ancient part of the front brain, which arose in connection with the sense analyzer when the front brain did not yet become an animal behavior. Therefore, all components of it are different parts of the olfactory analyzer (the concept of the analyzer, see the "morphological foundations of the localization of functions").
In fish, almost the entire front brain is the sense of smell. With the development of a new bark, which is observed in mammals and humans, a new part of the front brain is developing (NEENCEPHALON) - cloak, Pallium.. But the raincoat passes its long path of development and contains three parts of different phylogenetic prescription. Older parts:
1. Paleopallium.which is part of the temporal share. At first, this department was located on the lateral surface of the hemisphere, but in the future, under the influence of a highly increasing neopallium, he curled into a sausage form - hippocampus and shifted to medially in the cavity of the lateral ventricle of the final brain as a protrusion of his lower horns. Hippocampus covered ancient bark, PaleoCortex.
2. Archipallium. - a small area of \u200b\u200bthe cortex on the ventral surface of a frontal share lying near bulbus Olfactorius. And covered by old bark, Archicortex.
3. Neopallium., New raincoat, in whose crust, NeoCortex, have the highest sense of smell - the cortical ends of the analyzer. It - uncuswhich is part of a vaulted overwhelming.
As a result, the human olfactory brain contains a number of formations of various origins, which can be topographically divided into two departments. Peripheral department is olfactory share, lobus olfactoriusunder which there are a series of formations lying on the basis of the brain: 1) bulbus Olfactorius.; 2) tractus Olfactorius.; 3) trigonum Olfactorium.; 4) substantia Perforata Anterior..
The central department is a brain gyling: 1) paragipocampal clearing, Gyrus Parahippocampalis; 2) gyrus dentatus gerus dentatus; 3) vaulted Cross, Gyrus Fornicatus, from the front part of it near the temporal pole - crochet, uncus.
