Revenge of the Soviet partisans to the captured fascists: how it was Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War The tragedy of Old Man Minai
I have never thought about it before, but I involuntarily have to think about it.
On June 29, 1941, the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks was issued to the party and Soviet organizations of the front-line regions, which indicated the need to create partisan detachments: “in areas occupied by the enemy, create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army ..., create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue and destroy them at every step, disrupt all their activities.
The contribution of detachments of partisans - "fighters of the invisible front", operating underground literally under the nose of a cunning and bloodthirsty enemy, to the Victory won by our people cannot be overestimated. Thanks to the selfless actions of the Soviet partisans, the Nazis literally burned the ground under their feet. From the very beginning of the war against our country, the invader, unpunished and insolent from his European successes, could not feel safe day or night. Neither in the forest, nor in the field, nor in an occupied large city, nor in a small village in the rear - everywhere the complacent calm of the Nazis was violated by the noble revenge of the Soviet partisans. The colossal material damage inflicted on the enemy by the actions of Soviet partisans, coupled with the strong moral pressure exerted on the rear of the enemy, brought the day of the Great Victory closer.
All of Belarus, Bryansk, Smolensk and Orel, many regions of Ukraine, Crimea and the southern regions of the RSFSR were covered by a well-organized partisan struggle. Grateful descendants will forever remember the names of twice heroes Soviet Union leaders of the partisan movement Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak and Aleksey Fedorovich Fedorov, hundreds of heroes who died in battle and were torn to pieces in Nazi dungeons, thousands of brothers, sons, husbands and fathers who laid down their lives for the Fatherland in the forests and swamps of Belarus, in the Kuban estuaries, Donetsk steppes and on hills of Crimea.
As is known from historical documents, the actions of the partisans and the work of the underground played a huge role in the successful outcome of the Great Patriotic War. In total, more than one million partisans operated behind enemy lines - men, women, teenagers. Probably the most famous name was the name of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who was brutally executed by the Nazis in the first year of the war. More than a million fascists were destroyed, wounded and captured by partisans and their accomplices, more than four thousand tanks and armored vehicles, 65 thousand vehicles, 1100 enemy aircraft were destroyed. In mass operations, 1,600 railway bridges were destroyed and damaged, and more than 20,000 railway echelons of the Nazi troops were derailed.
At present, many documents telling about the true feat of partisans and underground fighters during the war years are still kept in state archives under the heading "Top Secret". Perhaps the introduction of this "military" memorable date will serve as an occasion for research and the discovery of unknown pages of partisan glory. And there is no doubt that the establishment of the Day of Partisans and Underground Workers will be a tribute to the deep respect for the lives and deeds of people, thanks to whom the Motherland was liberated in 1945.
Eternal memory to the fallen partisan heroes! Good health and good spirits to the living participants in the heroic struggle!
HOLIDAY!!!
The Day of Partisans and Underground Workers appeared in the calendar of memorable dates relatively recently. This year, the partisans and underground workers who defended the Fatherland during the Great Patriotic War will be remembered separately only for the fourth time*.
* In accordance with the amendments made by the President of the Russian Federation to Article 11 federal law"On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia" On April 11, 2009, the Day of partisans and underground fighters was included in the list of memorable dates and received official status.
Partisans and underground fighters of the Second World War are remembered on June 29 because it was on this day of the tragic 1941 that the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks issued a Directive addressed to party and Soviet organizations operating in the front-line regions of the country about the need to create an organized partisan resistance. The directive prescribed: "create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army in the areas occupied by him ..., create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue them at every step and destroy, disrupt any of their activities."
The contribution of detachments of partisans - “fighters of the invisible front”, operating underground, literally under the nose of a cunning and bloodthirsty enemy, to the Victory won by our people cannot be overestimated. Thanks to the selfless actions of the Soviet partisans, the Nazis literally burned the ground under their feet. From the very beginning of the war against our country, the invader, unpunished and insolent from his European successes, could not feel safe day or night. Neither in the forest, nor in the field, nor in the occupied large city, nor in a small village in the rear - everywhere the complacent calm of the Nazis was violated by the noble revenge of the Soviet partisans, inspiring them with fear and awe before the unbending Russian spirit. The colossal material damage inflicted on the enemy by the actions of Soviet partisans, coupled with the strong moral pressure exerted on the rear of the enemy, brought the day of the Great Victory closer.
All of Belarus, Bryansk, Smolensk and Orel, many regions of Ukraine, Crimea and the southern regions of the RSFSR were covered by a well-organized partisan struggle. Grateful descendants will forever remember the names of the twice heroes of the Soviet Union, leaders of the partisan movement Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak and Alexei Fedorovich Fedorov, hundreds of heroes who died in battle and were torn to pieces in Nazi dungeons, thousands of brothers, sons, husbands and fathers who laid down their lives for the Fatherland and for their friends. in the forests and swamps of Belarus, in the Kuban estuaries, the Donetsk steppes and on the hills of the Crimea.
Eternal memory to the fallen partisan heroes! Good health and good spirits to the living participants in the heroic struggle!
The partisan movement has repeatedly proved its effectiveness during wars. The Germans were afraid of the Soviet partisans. "People's avengers" destroyed communications, blew up bridges, took "languages" and even made weapons themselves.
History of the concept
Partizan is a word that came to Russian from the Italian language, in which the word partigiano denotes a member of an irregular military detachment that enjoys the support of the population and politicians. Partisans fight with the help of specific means: warfare behind enemy lines, sabotage or sabotage. hallmark guerrilla tactics is covert movement through enemy territory and a good knowledge of the terrain. In Russia and the USSR, such tactics have been practiced for centuries. Suffice it to recall the war of 1812.
In the 1930s, in the USSR, the word "partisan" acquired a positive connotation - only partisans who supported the Red Army were called that. Since then, in Russia this word has been exclusively positive and is almost never used in relation to enemy partisan groups - they are called terrorists or illegal military formations.
Soviet partisans
Soviet partisans during the Great Patriotic War were controlled by the authorities and performed tasks similar to those of the army. But if the army fought at the front, then the partisans had to destroy enemy lines of communication and means of communication.
During the war years, 6,200 partisan detachments worked in the occupied lands of the USSR, in which about a million people took part. They were controlled by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement, developing coordinated tactics for scattered partisan associations and directing them towards common goals.
In 1942, Marshal of the USSR Kliment Voroshilov was appointed to the post of Commander-in-Chief of the partisan movement, and they were asked to create a partisan army behind enemy lines - the German troops. Despite the fact that the guerrillas are often thought of as randomly organized units of the local population, the "people's avengers" behaved in accordance with the rules of strict military discipline and took the oath like real soldiers - otherwise they would not have survived in the cruel conditions of war.
Life of partisans
The worst of all for the Soviet partisans, who were forced to hide in the forests and mountains, was in winter. Before that, not a single partisan movement in the world had faced the problem of cold - in addition to the difficulties of survival, the problem of camouflage was added. In the snow, the partisans left traces, and the vegetation no longer hid their shelters. Winter dwellings often harmed the mobility of partisans: in the Crimea, they built mostly ground dwellings like wigwams. In other areas, dugouts predominated.
Many partisan headquarters had a radio station, through which he contacted Moscow and transmitted news to the local population in the occupied territories. With the help of radio, the command ordered the partisans, and they, in turn, coordinated air strikes and provided intelligence information. [S-BLOCK]
There were also women among the partisans - if for the Germans, who thought of a woman only in the kitchen, this was unacceptable, then the Soviets in every possible way agitated the weaker sex to participate in the partisan war. Female scouts did not fall under the suspicion of enemies, female doctors and radio operators helped with sabotage, and some brave women even took part in hostilities. It is also known about officer privileges - if there was a woman in the detachment, she often became the "camping wife" of the commanders. Sometimes everything happened the other way around and wives instead of husbands commanded and intervened in military matters - the higher authorities tried to stop such a mess.
Guerrilla tactics
The basis of the tactics of the "long arm" (as the Soviet leadership called the partisans) was the implementation of reconnaissance and sabotage - they destroyed railways, through which the Germans delivered trains with weapons and products, broke high-voltage lines, poisoned water pipes or wells behind enemy lines.
Thanks to these actions, it was possible to disorganize the rear of the enemy and demoralize him. The great advantage of the partisans was also that all of the above did not require large human resources: sometimes even a small detachment could implement subversive plans, and sometimes one person. When the Red Army advanced, the partisans struck from the rear, breaking through the defenses, and unexpectedly thwarted the enemy's regrouping or retreat. Prior to this, the forces of the partisan detachments were hiding in the forests, mountains and swamps - in the steppe regions, the activities of the partisans were ineffective.
The guerrilla war was especially successful in Belarus - forests and swamps hid the "second front" and contributed to their success. Therefore, the exploits of the partisans are still remembered in Belarus: it is worth remembering at least the name of the Minsk football club of the same name. With the help of propaganda in the occupied territories, the "people's avengers" could replenish the fighting ranks. However, partisan detachments were recruited unevenly - part of the population in the occupied territories kept their nose to the wind and waited, while other people familiar with the terror of the German occupiers were more willing to join the partisans
rail war
The "Second Front", as the German invaders called the partisans, played a huge role in the destruction of the enemy. In Belarus in 1943 there was a decree “On the destruction of the enemy’s railway communications by the method of rail warfare” - the partisans were supposed to wage the so-called rail war, undermining trains, bridges and spoiling enemy tracks in every possible way.
During the operations "Rail War" and "Concert" in Belarus, the movement of trains was stopped for 15-30 days, and the army and equipment of the enemy were also destroyed. Undermining enemy formations even in the face of a shortage of explosives, the partisans destroyed more than 70 bridges and killed 30,000 German fighters. On the first night of Operation Rail War alone, 42,000 rails were destroyed. It is believed that over the entire period of the war, the partisans destroyed about 18 thousand enemy units, which is a truly colossal figure.
In many ways, these achievements became a reality thanks to the invention of the partisan craftsman T. E. Shavgulidze - in field conditions, he built a special wedge that derailed trains: the train ran into a wedge, which was attached to the tracks in a few minutes, then the wheel was rearranged from the inside to the outside rail, and the train was completely destroyed, which did not happen even after the explosions of mines.
Guerrilla gunsmiths
The guerrilla brigades were mainly armed with light machine guns, machine guns and carbines. However, there were detachments with mortars or artillery. The partisans were armed with Soviets and often captured weapons, but this was not enough in the conditions of war behind enemy lines.
The partisans launched a large-scale production of handicraft weapons and even tanks. Local workers created special secret workshops - with primitive equipment and a small set of tools, however, amateur engineers and technicians managed to create excellent examples of parts for weapons from scrap metal and improvised parts. [S-BLOCK]
In addition to repairs, the partisans were also engaged in design work: “Partisans have a large number of home-made mines, machine guns and grenades. original solution both the entire structure as a whole and its individual nodes. Not limited to inventions of a “local” nature, the partisans sent a large number of inventions and rationalization proposals to the mainland.
The most popular handicraft weapons were homemade PPSh submachine guns - the first of them was made in the Razgrom partisan brigade near Minsk in 1942. The partisans also made "surprises" with explosives and unexpected varieties of mines with a special detonator, the secret of which was known only to their own. "People's Avengers" easily repaired even undermined german tanks and even organized artillery battalions from repaired mortars. Partisan engineers even made grenade launchers.
On June 29 - the day of partisan glory and underground fighters
Partisans and underground fighters of the Second World War are remembered on June 29 because it was on this day of the tragic 1941 that the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks issued a Directive addressed to party and Soviet organizations operating in the front-line regions of the country about the need to create an organized partisan resistance. The directive prescribed: "create partisan detachments and sabotage groups to fight against parts of the enemy army in the areas occupied by him ..., create unbearable conditions for the enemy and all his accomplices, pursue them at every step and destroy, disrupt any of their activities."
The contribution of detachments of partisans - “fighters of the invisible front”, operating underground, literally under the nose of a cunning and bloodthirsty enemy, to the Victory won by our people cannot be overestimated. Thanks to the selfless actions of the Soviet partisans, the Nazis literally burned the ground under their feet. From the very beginning of the war against our country, the invader, unpunished and insolent from his European successes, could not feel safe day or night. Neither in the forest, nor in the field, nor in an occupied large city, nor in a small village in the rear - everywhere the complacent calm of the Nazis was violated by the noble revenge of the Soviet partisans, inspiring them with fear and awe before the unbending Russian spirit. The colossal material damage inflicted on the enemy by the actions of Soviet partisans, coupled with the strong moral pressure exerted on the rear of the enemy, brought the day of the Great Victory closer.
All of Belarus, Bryansk, Smolensk and Orel, many regions of Ukraine, Crimea and the southern regions of the RSFSR were covered by a well-organized partisan struggle. Grateful descendants will forever remember the names of the twice heroes of the Soviet Union, leaders of the partisan movement Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak and Alexei Fedorovich Fedorov, hundreds of heroes who died in battle and were torn to pieces in Nazi dungeons, thousands of brothers, sons, husbands and fathers who laid down their lives for the Fatherland and for their friends. in the forests and swamps of Belarus, in the Kuban estuaries, the Donetsk steppes and on the hills of the Crimea.
Eternal memory to the fallen partisan heroes! Good health and good spirits to the living participants in the heroic struggle!
Chernihiv region, 14 districts of Zhytomyr region and Belarus became a real partisan region. Party and Soviet bodies openly operated in them, economic work was carried out, and postal and telegraph communications were established. On the territory of the Ukrainian SSR during the Great Patriotic War, there were 46 partisan units, 1993 partisan reconnaissance and sabotage detachments, more than 500 Komsomol, pioneer and youth underground organizations and groups. In total, more than 2 million people took part in the nationwide struggle in the territories of the Ukrainian SSR occupied by the enemy.
The people's avengers killed 465 thousand German soldiers and officers, destroyed 790 guns, 915 ammunition depots, 248 communication centers, 5019 echelons, 1566 tanks and armored vehicles, 211 aircraft, 13 thousand 535 vehicles, 44 railway junctions, 467 enemy garrisons, sunk 29 boats , 22 ships, more than 50 barges.
This photo album visibly shows who are the true sons and patriots of the Ukrainian people, and who are collaborators and traitors.
Those who want to know the truth about our recent past - the Great Patriotic War of 1941-9145, those who are not indifferent to the fate of our Motherland today and in the future, leafing through the pages of the "Album", have the opportunity to get acquainted with true story partisan movement in the territories of the Ukrainian SSR and European states occupied by the Nazis.
Such heroes, not Bandera, fought the Nazis in Western Ukraine. A veteran who spoke today, an army intelligence officer, told how the partisans helped the Soviet army in forcing the Dnieper. They helped in building 25 crossings during the creation of the Bukrinsky and Lyutezhsky bridgeheads. He received an order for blowing up a bridge in the Khmelnytsky region, several of his comrades were killed by Bandera, who tried to prevent Soviet soldiers from blowing up the bridge, so necessary for the retreating Germans. And after the war, his cousin-teacher was killed by a Banderite. He came home, put him against the wall and hacked his wife...
