The level and quality of life of the population and national security are priorities of state policy. State regulation of the standard of living of the population redko tatyana leonidovna State control of the standard of living of the population

Chapter 1. THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR FORMING THE LEVEL AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE POPULATION.

1.2. Methodological approaches to assessing the level and quality of life of the population

1.3. The role of the state in overcoming contradictions between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice.

Chapter 2

2.1. Instruments of state regulation of the level and quality of life of the population.

2.2. Status and assessment of the level and quality of life of the population of the region.

2.3 Forms of state regulation to improve the level and quality of life of the population.

Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "State regulation of the standard of living of the population"

Relevance of the research topic. In the current conditions of the formation of a market economy in Russia, one of the priority areas for the implementation of socio-economic policy is to increase the standard of living of the population.

In recent years, the economic policy of Russia has been stable and successive: the main economic indicators are slightly, but increasing, the transition continues from economic growth determined by exports and consumer demand to investment growth, when the state activates its role in economic life, increasing the assets of state-owned enterprises operating in the most attractive sectors of the economy. This situation generates positive dynamics, respectively, in the area of ​​the standard of living of the population: the real disposable monetary incomes of the population are increasing, the number of the poor is decreasing.

At the same time, the differentiation of the population in terms of income remains high, which is associated primarily with a very low level of income among low-income groups of the population, a low level of social guarantees, a significant part of which are below the subsistence level. In solving the existing problems, the main role is assigned to the state, which expresses the interests of its citizens, develops and takes measures to overcome the contradictions between social justice and the efficiency of the market economy. The formation of a modern economy requires taking into account social issues that affect the indicators of the standard of living of the population. In the process of developing a strategy for the development of a region, the state should also take into account territorial factors that affect the state of the standard of living of the population.

In this regard, the issue of state regulation of the standard of living of the population becomes relevant, since, on the one hand, the state acts as a defender of the rights and interests of the people, on the other hand, it contributes to the development of the country's economy through creating conditions for business development, attracting foreign investment, supporting domestic producers in order to improve the level and quality of life of the population.

The degree of development of the problem. The theoretical basis of this study is the work of domestic and foreign scientists who have analyzed the diverse aspects of this topic.

The works of foreign classics of economic theory, such as A. Pigou, M. Bunge, K. Marx, P. Samuelson, J. Forrester, J. Galbraith, J. Van Giga, are devoted to issues and problems of the standard of living of the population and their regulation.

A significant contribution to the development and study of the socio-economic concept of "standard of living" was made by the work of domestic economists - I.V. Bestuzheva-Lada, N.M. Rimashevskaya, V.N. Bobkova, V.F. Mayer, A.I. Subbetto, S.A. Ayvazyan, A.N. Azrilyana, V.M. Foal.

The works of Russian scientists S.G. Strumilina, N.A. Gorelova, I.A. Gerasimova, I.V. Borodushko and others.

At the same time, the issues of state regulation of the standard of living of the population, when the situation is constantly changing under the influence of environmental factors, as well as the role of the state in overcoming the contradictions between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice in the process of improving the standard of living of the population, remain insufficiently developed. The relevance of the research topic is due to the search for measures, forms, methods of state regulation of the standard of living of the population.

The purpose and objectives of dissertation research. The purpose of the dissertation work is to theoretically substantiate and develop tools, forms and main directions of state regulation of the standard of living of the population.

Achieving this goal led to the setting of the following main tasks:

Clarify the content of the socio-economic concept of "standard of living of the population";

Determine the factors and indicators for assessing the standard of living of the population; explore the role of the state in overcoming the contradictions between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice;

To expand the classification of signs and types of state influence on the standard of living of the population;

To identify the state and assess the standard of living of the population of the region;

To develop the main directions for improving the living standards of the population of the region.

The object of the study is the standard of living of the population as a socio-economic phenomenon.

The subject of the research is the system of tools, forms and methods of state regulation of the standard of living of the population.

The area of ​​study of the content of the dissertation work corresponds to clause 1.1 "The role and functions of the state and civil society in the functioning of economic systems, the formation of the economic policy (strategy) of the state" of the passport of the specialty 08.00.01 "Economic theory".

The theoretical and methodological basis of the dissertation research was fundamental and applied research by domestic and foreign authors of the content of the socio-economic concept of "standard of living of the population", state regulation of the standard of living of the population, materials of scientific and practical conferences, as well as legislative and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Buryatia on issues of regulating the standard of living of the population.

In the course of the study, a systematic approach, a method of comparative analysis, a historical approach, a method for constructing classifications, as well as a problematic approach were applied.

The information base of the study was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and the State Statistics Service of the Republic of Buryatia, statistical reviews of the Ministry of Economic Development and Foreign Relations of the Republic of Buryatia, the Ministry of Labor and Social Development of the Republic of Buryatia, as well as materials from periodicals and official Internet sites.

The scientific novelty of the dissertation research is as follows: the content of the socio-economic concept of “standard of living of the population” is clarified and the relationship between the concepts of “level” and “quality of life of the population” is revealed: the standard of living is the basis for improving the quality of life of the population; identified additional factors, which determine the environment of human life - economic and social, while economic factors create conditions for the formation of the standard of living of the population, and social factors set a limit; the classification of indicators of the standard of living of the population was supplemented, taking into account the specifics of the economic development of the region and its competitive advantages; substantiates the need for state regulation in the process of overcoming the contradictions between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice; the classification of signs and instruments of state influence on the standard of living of the population has been expanded according to the following criteria: the form, methods, nature of the mechanisms of influence, the focus of the instruments of influence, the degree of impact on indicators, with the aim of an integrated approach in the development of state policy to improve the standard of living of the population; supplemented and developed specific areas of state regulation of improving the living standards of the population, allowing rational use of the competitive advantages of the region.

The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of theoretical, methodological and applied application of its findings and generalizations in solving a complex of problems of improving the living standards of the population, state regulation of these processes.

The main results of the work can be used as educational and methodological material when teaching the course "General Economic Theory".

Approbation of the results. The main provisions and conclusions of the dissertation research were reflected in the author's publications, and were also presented at the following scientific and practical conferences and seminars: Baikal International Scientific and Practical Conference: “Economics. Education. Law” (Ulan-Ude, 2003); "Actual problems of socio-economic development of the region" (Ulan-Ude, 2004); "Socio-economic problems of the region" (Ulan-Ude, 2004); “Scientific conference of teachers, researchers and graduate students dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the birth of D.Sh. Frolov” (Ulan-Ude, 2005); "Scientific conference of teachers, researchers and graduate students dedicated to the 45th anniversary of the founding of the ESGTU (VSTI)" (Ulan-Ude, 2007), etc.

Publications. The main provisions of the dissertation research are reflected in 12 printed works with a total volume of 3.7 (author's 3.5 p. L), of which 2 publications are in journals recommended by the Higher Attestation Commission.

The structure and content of the work: The dissertation work consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of sources used. The total amount of work is 168 pages of typewritten text, including

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Dissertation conclusion on the topic "Economic theory", Redko, Tatyana Leonidovna

CONCLUSION

In the dissertation work, the key points of state regulation of the standard of living of the population are considered.

At the present stage of development of society, the issues of improving the level and quality of life of the population are becoming especially important, in connection with the changing economic situation of the country, the social policy of the state. The content of the socio-economic concepts of "level" and "quality of life of the population" is debatable among scientists, economists, public authorities, there are a number of diverse approaches. We have clarified the content of the concepts under consideration as follows, “the standard of living of the population” is an opportunity and socio-economic conditions for satisfying the totality of material, spiritual and social needs of population groups, allowing a person of a certain group to be an active member of society, where this definition considers the totality of human needs, all aspects of its activities, as well as incomes of the population received from various sources, which enable a person to satisfy his own needs, requests, but at the same time carry out activities for the benefit of his own country, region. "Quality of life of the population" - implies a socio-economic concept that reflects the degree of satisfaction of all possible needs and interests of the population, allowing a person to be quite highly active in life, take an active position, strive for further self-improvement.

In the process of state regulation of the level and quality of life of the population, groups of factors and indicators are developed and applied that determine the state of the level and quality of life of the population of the territory. We have defined and supplemented the classifications of environmental factors - economic and social, which affect the environment of human life. These factors allow the state to find new forms of raising capital, in order to redistribute income, in the development of long-term social government programs(economic factors), but also take into account the peculiarities, specifics of the development of the territory, the preservation of a special mentality, which will be guidelines in the development of state programs (social factors), where economic factors create conditions for the formation of the level and quality of life, and social ones set a limit on their development. The classification of indicators for assessing the level and quality of life of the population has been expanded and should also include territorial indicators. To assess the standard of living, it is proposed to use economic and organizational territorial indicators: territorial costs, profits of the territory, the level of business activity, the level of development of financial and market infrastructure. Organizational indicators: resource-to-weight ratio, capital-labor ratio, infrastructure support. Consequently, the quality of life, in our opinion, is determined by social and market indicators, where social indicators are proposed to include: the level of socio-cultural development of society, the level of social benefits, the level of stability of life. Another group of indicators of the quality of life of the territory includes market indicators, such as: the level of consumption of material goods; the breadth of the benefits provided to the population; availability of specific benefits of the territory.

The role of the state in overcoming the contradictions between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice has been studied, where the main contradiction between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice should be attributed to the main contradictions - this is a reflection of the contradiction between production and consumption. We have determined measures of state regulation to overcome contradictions - ensuring internal and external security, fair competition, ensuring social guarantees, environmental protection, etc. In this case, the state acts as the main element of regulation in overcoming contradictions and taking care of its citizens by creating conditions for improving the level and quality of life of the population.

The paper considers and expands the classification of tools for state regulation of the level and quality of life of the population, aimed at improving the main socio-economic indicators of the country, region, which allows you to purposefully develop a policy to improve the welfare of the population, employment policy, allow ecological problems. When forming state policy, the main priorities should be taken into account - high quality of society, high quality of working life, high quality of social infrastructure, quality of the environment and others. A classification of the instruments of state influence on the level and quality of life of the population has been developed according to the characteristics with a definition of the type: by the form of influence, by methods of influence, by the nature of the mechanisms of influence, by the direction of the instruments of influence, by the degree of influence on indicators, by the systemic nature of the influence. The proposed classification allows the state to influence the improvement of the level and quality of life of the population more widely and systematically, thereby resolving the contradictions between the efficiency of the market economy and social justice.

The paper assesses the state of the level and quality of life of the population of the region - the Republic of Buryatia, where the main indicators of analysis, the dynamics of their changes are determined. When assessing the indicators of the level and quality of life of the population of the region, the main trends and problems in the process of improving the level and quality of life of the population are identified, the causes and factors influencing them are identified, which will determine the policy of the state to regulate the level and quality of life of the population.

In the Republic of Buryatia, subject to state regulation of the standard of living of the population, it is necessary to take into account the Baikal factor, which has a complex effect on the economy. The positive side of the presence of restrictions is that, by setting the framework for production activities in the field of environmentally friendly technologies, they contribute to the development of knowledge-intensive innovative industries, and also increases the attractiveness of non-industrial production, in particular tourism.

On the basis of the study, a number of areas have been developed to improve the state of the level and quality of life of the population, in particular the Republic of Buryatia: state regulation of incomes of the population, state employment policy, transformations in the fields of education, healthcare, culture, an increase in the subsistence level, attraction of foreign investment in the regions , indexation of the minimum wage, the creation of an affordable housing system, etc. But also, in our opinion, it is necessary to purposefully implement processes aimed at improving the level and quality of life of the population. Processes aimed at improving the standard of living: innovation processes, investment processes, information processes, industrial processes. These processes are mainly aimed at the development of the economic (material) base of both society as a whole and a specific individual. Processes aimed at improving the quality of life: economic processes, environmental processes, endogenous (intrapersonal) social processes; exogenous (external) social processes. These processes reflect the quality of the use of benefits, both by an individual and by society as a whole. The relationship of processes that raise the level and quality of life is expressed in the development of the potential of the individual and in its use. It is obvious that raising the standard of living of the population makes it possible (material base) to develop the individual, both in educational and cultural and aesthetic terms. At the same time, there is an increase in the quality of life, which consists, first of all, in the use of the accumulated potential of the individual. Within the framework of the analyzed region - the Republic of Buryatia, we propose the following forms of state regulation of improving the level and quality of life of the population: the development of ecological tourism, the implementation of the project of a special economic zone, the introduction of a mechanism for the functioning of the tourism system. Ecological tourism includes a number of positive characteristics - attracting an additional flow of tourists, maintaining the ecological balance on the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, Lake Baikal, respectively, attracting investment flows of legal entities and individuals. The mechanism of the functioning of the tourism system makes it possible to group together all the stakeholders involved in the process of creating and providing tourism services in the region and to purposefully develop the tourism industry in the region, which will entail the receipt of additional financial resources from the budget of the federation, republic, local, expands the number of new jobs, allows you to create conditions for the recreation of the population, which will have a significant impact on the process of state regulation of improving the level and quality of life of the population. at

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The socio-economic situation of the Belgorod region, in general, repeats the all-Russian trends. An analysis of the situation in the social sphere of the region allows us to identify the following main problems in it:

Deterioration of the demographic situation. Throughout the last decade, there has been an aging process of the population, a constant decline in average life expectancy (66.47 in 1998, 65.73 in 2000, 65.03 in 2007). But we can note that there is a decrease in infant mortality of 5.3 per 1000 people. in 2009, compared with 17.3 in 1998. There is also a stable trend in the natural income of the population (9905 people in 2009).

The growth of morbidity and mortality of the population. Unfavorable environmental situation, unhealthy lifestyle of part of the population (spread of drug addiction and other socially dangerous phenomena), a decrease in the degree of real accessibility of health care services, which is primarily associated with an increase in the level of their actual payment. More than 800,000 cases of acute and chronic diseases with newly diagnosed diseases are registered in the region every year. In 2008, 850.4 thousand cases of diseases were registered; per 1000 population, the level of primary morbidity was 899.6 cases. The irrational use of available resources in the health care system raises the problem of improving management.

Lack of adequate modern conditions mechanisms for financing the education system (all levels), leading to:

dissipation of resources and chronic underfunding of the general education system, leading to labor conflicts, personnel problems and a sharp deterioration in its material and technical base;

predominantly social orientation of the vocational education system, its certain isolation from the needs of the production sector;

decrease in actual availability higher education due to the growth of paid educational places, the underdevelopment of the system of social support for students.

Problems in the sphere of social and labor relations. Despite the fact that wage arrears are decreasing, nevertheless, the problem with the timely payment of wages has not been finally resolved. The high level of injuries at work indicates an unsatisfactory situation in the conditions and labor protection at the enterprises of the region. Enterprise managers commit a large number of violations of labor legislation, which is confirmed by the results of inspections and complaints from citizens.

Insufficient efficiency of the social support system. The system of social support, which is based on universal social transfers, subsidies for goods and services, as well as categorical benefits, is fundamentally incapable of solving the problem of redistributing resources in favor of those most in need.

In accordance with the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Belgorod region for the period up to 2025, consistent with the priorities of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation are:

Improving the living standards of the population of the region and their quality of life, including health, educational and professional level of the population, employment opportunities, conditions and quality of work, high (above the Russian average) level of wages and incomes, participation in the political process, accessibility of basic social benefits and services;

Dynamic economic development of the region based on diversification and restructuring of the region's economy, accelerated development of industrial and market infrastructure, foreign economic activity and exports, accelerated development of the service sector.

Ensuring the sustainability of socio-economic development based on the preservation of its natural resource, demographic and cultural and educational potential through the adoption of measures and programs to ensure its security (energy, environmental, information and innovation), measures to prevent and avert threats and eliminate their consequences.

So, the authorities of the Belgorod region determined that the main goal of the Strategy is a sustainable increase in the level and quality of life of the population and the fight against poverty. Its achievement involves the solution of the following tasks:

Creation of economic, organizational and legal conditions under which each person will be able to independently earn a decent living.

Maintaining employment in the region by promoting economic growth, restructuring the economy and implementing regional employment programs.

Targeted social support for the poorest segments of the population, primarily the disabled part of it.

Increasing the income level of households and families through the implementation of the regional program to combat poverty.

Improving the level of public health, spreading the values ​​of a healthy lifestyle.

Improving the system for providing budgetary services, developing an alternative market in the social services(education, health care, social assistance).

Reforming the housing and communal services of the region, the formation of market relations in housing and communal services.

Creation of conditions and mechanisms for economic and social development of municipalities.

Support for labor, professional, territorial mobility of the population.

An analysis of the socio-economic situation in the Belgorod region and various scenarios for its development showed that the main task of the coming period is to consolidate the positive trends that have developed in the economy and social sphere of the region, based on the use of the strengths and competitive advantages of the region. During this period, the foundations for sustainable development of the Belgorod region as a subject of the federation in the long term should be laid. Necessary conditions her solutions are:

Maintaining the pace of economic growth (provides income and employment for the population).

Increasing revenues to the consolidated budget of the region (ensures the implementation of social programs).

Structural restructuring of the economy (ensures the stability of the economic system of the region).

Reforming the public sector (reducing inefficient budget spending, ensuring the availability and quality of social services).

In accordance with these priorities, the main strategic objectives of the social and economic policy of the Belgorod region in the medium term are:

ensuring equal conditions of activity for all business entities, regardless of the form of ownership and territorial affiliation;

development of investment attractiveness of the region, intensive attraction of funds and resources from external sources;

transition to economic growth on an intensive basis: through structural adjustment and diversification of the economy, modernization of industrial production and the transition to industries that provide a large added value;

accelerated development of the innovative sector of the economy, sectors of the "new economy", the service sector - that is, those sectors that are able to ensure the transition from the use of raw materials to the use of intellectual resources;

creating conditions for the economic and social development of municipalities (changes in fiscal policy, the system of interbudgetary relations, the implementation of programs for the development of municipalities);

putting into effect mechanisms for smoothing out inter-territorial and inter-sectoral disproportions in terms of budget security indicators, employment levels and income levels of the population;

development of the infrastructure and system of external relations of the region, elimination of the consequences of its transport isolation;

reforming the housing and communal services of the region and the system of its financing;

reforming the system of providing public services: ensuring equal access to public services for the population, ensuring their quality, developing an alternative sphere of social services;

effective regulation of migration processes, optimization of the distribution of productive forces and labor resources.

The sectoral priorities for the economic development of the Belgorod Region are:

Scientific and educational complex (high, but underused innovative, human and demographic potential of the complex).

Small business is primarily innovative (it solves the problem of employment and income of the population).

The trends in the socio-economic development of the Belgorod region as a whole repeat the all-Russian one.

State regulation of the standard of living of the population

Lecture No. 17

1. Social policy of the state: goals and priorities

2. The system of social protection of the population

3. Regulation of the income of the population

4. Social norms and regulations

5. Regulation of the level and quality of life

Social policy is considered in two aspects:

Social policy in the narrow sense of the word is a system of state measures to support socially unprotected segments of the population.

Social policy in a broad sense is a set of principles, decisions, actions of the state aimed at creating normal living conditions and favorable opportunities for the social development of all members of society, purposeful modification of social structures and institutions to achieve the set goals.

The purpose of the state's social policy is to ensure social security, that is, the stable life of society, social harmony, integrity, and an adequate level of people's well-being.

The social policy of the state is carried out according to the principles of rationality; social justice; achieving the best correlation between the goal of social policy and the ways of its implementation; recognition of equal opportunities for all members of society; prevention of certain life risks; social security.

The objects of social protection are various categories of the population: employed, disabled and poor.

The system of social protection of workers is a set of legal, economic and social guarantees that ensure everyone the right to safe work, health preservation in the process of work, protection and support of workers and their families in case of temporary or permanent disability at work, medical, social and professional rehabilitation. The mechanism of social protection of labor includes the following elements:

When applying for a job and dismissal: warning about the degree of occupational risk of injury, occupational diseases, mandatory medical examinations, briefing, guarantees upon dismissal of an employee;

In the process of work: safe working conditions, guarantees when transferring an employee to another job;

In case of temporary or permanent disability.

One of the components of the mechanism of state regulation of the economy is the income policy.

The main issue that needs to be resolved is the phased implementation of a structural wage reform aimed at moving from the current model, focused on low labor costs and paid satisfaction of related services.

Social norm - ϶ᴛᴏ legislatively approved indicator of the maximum allowable expenditure of resources for the production and consumption of a unit of food products that satisfy social or personal needs of a social nature of an established quality.

Social norm - more general concept, not related to a specific subject of regulation. The social standard is set either as a percentage or in value terms.

The minimum consumer budget serves as the basis for planning support for low-income segments of the population during an economic crisis. In the variant of the increased standard, it ensures the normal reproduction of the labor force, and in the variant of the lower standard, it is an indicator of the subsistence (physiological) minimum.

The living wage is the minimum income, one of the most important instruments of social policy. Through it, the standard of living of the population is assessed, incomes are regulated, and it is taken into account in social payments. The living wage is a cost estimate of the minimum scientifically based set of food products, non-food products and services necessary to maintain health and support human life at a certain level of economic development.

The minimum wage (SMIC) is its lower limit, set (in theory) for the least skilled, simple labor.

The minimum amount of a pension (allowances and stipends), respectively, is its lower limit, established by the relevant regulatory enactments.

In world practice, to determine the standard of living, the indicator "cost of living index" is widely used - an index of various prices for a set of goods and services that are included in the consumer basket and make up the cost of living (LIS).

In 1990ᴦ. The UN has introduced an integral indicator ʼʼHuman Development Indexʼʼ (HDI), which characterizes the level of well-being of the population. It includes three components: life expectancy, education and GDP per capita. Limit values ​​for each indicator:

life expectancy - 25-85 years;

education - 0-100%;

GDP per capita - from 200 to 4000 US dollars.

In this case, HDI is considered low, less than 0.5, high - 0.9-1.0.

In 2003, the Human Development Index was 0.960 in Canada, 0.47 in Russia, 0.36 in Ukraine, and 0.25 in Ethiopia. According to this indicator, Ukraine ranked 45th in the world in 1990, 102nd in 1998, and 77th in 2003. The first three places in this indicator are occupied by Norway, Sweden, Australia. USA - 8th place.

The UN also proposed such an indicator as the quality of life index - a combined indicator that characterizes:

The level of education;

The level of medical care;

life expectancy;

The degree of employment of the population;

Solvency of the population;

The level of housing provision;

Access to political life, etc.

Questions for self-examination

1. Essence and subjects of social policy.

2. Purpose and key task of social policy.

3.Principles of social policy.

4. The mechanism of social protection of labor.

5.Measures of state regulation of income.

6. Social norms and standards.

Related Literature: .

State regulation of the standard of living of the population - the concept and types. Classification and features of the category "State regulation of the standard of living of the population" 2017, 2018.

The level and quality of life of the population and national security are the priorities of state policy. Indicators and indicators that characterize the standard of living and quality of life of the population. The main activities in the system of state regulation of the economy. Modernization of the economy. State regulation in the sphere of labor and employment. State support and development of small business. Economic policy of the state. The competence of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, the Federal Treasury.

State regulation of the economyactivities of the state aimed at creating conditions for the stable development of the economy in order to maintain optimal rates of reproduction. The main task of the state is not to manage, but to create conditions. The GRE is carried out in the process of implementing its economic functions:

1. ensuring the social stability of society:
   • with the help of an appropriate tax policy, the state redistributes income through its budget among various categories of citizens in order to realize the human right to a certain standard of well-being;
   • regulation of the labor market in order to reduce involuntary unemployment;
   • taking care of those employed by labor activity by establishing minimum wage levels.
2. Ensuring the efficiency of all social production:
   • stimulation of scientific and technical progress
   • implementation of a science-based monetary policy to supply the economy with the necessary amount of money
   • implementation of anti-inflationary and antimonopoly state policy
3. creation of a legal framework for the functioning of the economy
4. and etc.

The level and quality of life of the population and national security are priorities of state policy.

The analysis of the standard of living is based on a comparative studycash income and consumer activityvarious social actors. The monetary value of goods and services actually consumed by a family (household) during a certain period of time characterizes its standard of living , reflecting the quantified measure satisfaction by the subject of his material and cultural needs.If, at the same time, specific conditions life, work, employment, education, life and leisure, housing, natural environment, ecological situation and other circumstances in which the subject lives, then in this case the concept is more often used the quality of life.

Standard of living the degree and level of satisfaction of the spiritual, physical and social needs of people; the ratio of income and expenditure of the population. The quality of life measure, degree of satisfaction. Improving the level and quality of life of the population is the most important state priority and a strategic choice for the socio-economic development of Russia.

National Security of the Russian Federation- it is the security and security of its national interests guaranteed by constitutional, legislative and practical measures. The national interests of Russia at the stage of transition to market relations are:

1. Threat prevention.

2. Territorial integrity of the country.

3. Preservation of civil peace, freedom and rights.

4. Russia's interests in the political and geopolitical sphere.

5. Economic interests.

Indicators and indicators characterizing the level and quality of life of the population.

Official indicators of the standard of living:

• decile or quintile coefficient the ratio of incomes of 10% (20%) of the richest part of the population to the incomes of 10(20) of the poorest part of the population.
• The Ginny index characterizes the level of income concentration
• PM (this is the valuation of the consumer basket, as well as mandatory payments and contributions). Consumer basket the minimum set of food, non-food products and services necessary to maintain health and livelihoods.
• PM budget (foodstuffs + non-food products (costs for clothes, shoes, medicines, sanitary and hygienic goods) + services (payment for housing and communal services, communication services, transport, hairdressing, baths, entertainment) + taxes).

Living standards indicators:average per capita money income of the population, real disposable money income, average monthly nominal accrued salary, real accrued salary, the average size assigned pensions, the amount of PM, minimum wage, etc.

6 groups of indicators taken into account when studying the quality of life:

1. indicator of the well-being of the population (standard of living, consumption of goods and services, real incomes and their differentiation, level of health care, culture, etc.)
   1. socio-demographic state of the population (birth, death, marriage, divorce, life expectancy, number of abortions, etc.)
   2. economic activity of the population (unemployment, education, qualifications)
   3. social security and social tension (level of social protection, criminality, participation in strikes, crime)
   4. environmental quality (data on pollution, air quality, water quality)
   5. natural and climatic conditions (composition, volume of natural resources, climate, tornadoes).

International indicators of the quality of life (these are the indicators):

• human development index (index for comparative assessment poverty, literacy, education, life expectancyand other indicators of the country. When calculating the HDI, 3 types of indicators are taken into account:Average life expectancy, Literacy Rate the adult population of the country andcumulative share of students, Standard of living estimated in terms of GDP per capita.)
  • index of the intellectual potential of society (reflects the level of education of the population and the state of science. The following are taken into account: the level of education of the adult population of the country, the share of students in the total population, the share of education expenditures in GDP, the share of those employed in scientific services in the total number of employees, the share of costs for science in GDP.)
    • population vitality coefficient (calculated as the ratio of birth and death rates).

The main directions of structural restructuring of the economy.

The main direction of the structural policy of the state is to increase the competitive advantages of the country's economy through the achievement of four interrelated goals (reflected in the "Main Directions of the S-e Policy of the Government of the Russian Federation for the Long-Term Perspective (draft)):

1. Promoting the competitiveness of domestic producers of goods and services in the domestic and global markets and providing structural maneuver towards increasing the share of industries producing products with a high degree of processing and service industries.
   1. Correction of accumulated structural deformations - restructuring of the unprofitable sector of the economy, artificially supported by a system of budget subsidies, unclaimed tax arrears and non-payments to natural monopolies, solving the problems of single-industry cities.
   2. Completion of the transformation of the existing inefficient institutions of the “transitional type” economy (the structure of state ownership, commodity and financial markets, innovative mechanisms, the system of state regulation, and a number of others) into institutions that meet the requirements of a modern market economy.
   3. Accelerated development and restructuring of the economic system, enterprises and markets in the process of global economic transformation, taking place on the basis of new information technologies, strengthening global and regional integration processes.

State administration in the field of labor and employment.

The goals of state regulation of labor relations are to promote the employment of the unemployed and their material support, improve the skills of the country's labor potential and harmonize decisions in the field of economic development with the main measures to regulate the labor market and social support for the unemployed.

The main directions of state regulation of the sphere of employment:

• Approval of programs to stimulate employment growth and increase the number of jobs in the public sector
• Adoption of training and retraining programs
• Implementation of the Recruitment Assistance Program

Measures to regulate the sphere of employment:

1. adoption of unemployment insurance programs
   1. small business development
   2. creation of a clear system of information system about vacancies
   3. improving the work of the labor exchange

State regulation and development of small business.

Support for small businesses by the state pursues the following goals:

1. The fight against monopoly and the formation of a rational sectoral structure, limiting monopoly trends in the economy to increase the country's competitiveness in the world market by orienting the economy towards resource conservation.

2. Solving social problems by the population itself.

3. Ensuring structural restructuring of the economy based on the acceleration of scientific and technological progress.

An important element of state regulation of small business is the development of legislative acts aimed at the development of small business (various programs to support small business).

In Russia, government structures are also being created to support small businesses. So, in June 1995, a State Committee for the Support and Development of Small Businesses (GKRP RF), whose main task is to develop ways to support small businesses, among which it is necessary to note such as the development of the necessary legislation, the creation of financial support funds, the establishment of tax incentives and the simplification of the accounting and reporting system.

Small Business Support Fund is a non-profit organization created to finance programs, projects, activities aimed at supporting and developing small businesses by accumulating funds from the privatization of state and municipal property, income from own activities, voluntary contributions from individuals and legal entities, including foreign, income from the issuance and placement of securities, as well as income received from interest on soft loans allocated on a competitive basis to small businesses.

Economic policy of the state.

Economic policy of the state - A set of measures carried out by public authorities in the interests of certain groups of the population and aimed at strengthening their economic situation. The economic policy of the state is divided into fiscal, monetary, social, institutional, foreign economic, administrative and regional, legislative, etc.

Economic policy is a set of measures taken by the state to influence economic processes in order to achieve socially significant goals.

State regulation of the economy pursues the following goals:

1. sustainable growth of national production;
2. maintaining an effective size of employment;
3. stabilization of the price level;
4. maintenance of foreign trade balance.

The following areas of state regulation of the economy can be distinguished:

1. investment regulation;
2. sales regulation;
3. regulation of the labor market;
4. promotion of research and development (R&D).

Through the regulation of capital investments, the state influences the rates and proportions of social reproduction, using financial and monetary mechanisms. Investments are made both at the expense of the state budget, local budgets, and at the expense of private investments, which are stimulated with the help of tax incentives.

The sales system is regulated by the state through public procurement (state consumption) and through consumer credit, which is quite widely developed in Western Europe. The consumer credit system expands the market capacity, as it stimulates the growth of aggregate demand.

Regulation of the labor market is carried out in a number of areas:

1. setting a maximum working week;
2. establishing a minimum wage;
3. establishment of the procedure for contributions for the needs of social insurance;
4. state stimulation of vocational training and retraining of personnel.

State regulation of the R&D sphere makes it possible to maintain high state incentives for vocational training and retraining of personnel. It also makes it possible to maintain high rates of scientific and technological progress and ensure the dynamic development of the economy. The state in Western countries finances from 40 to 50% of the total R&D costs, while it allocates financial resources not for the number of personnel, as in our country, but for a specific project.

In addition to the above forms of state regulation, one can also single out such forms as the system of economic programming, regulation of small and medium-sized businesses, agricultural production, etc.

The implementation of economic policy is possible only with the use of a set of measures, tools that form the mechanism of state influence on the economy.

Among the most important instruments of state regulation are: fiscal policy, monetary policy, income regulation policy, foreign economic policy, social policy.

Each of these tools of state regulation performs its role and complements others. The system gives effect only if it is applied in a complex and its components do not contradict each other.

Competence of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation

Formation and principles of work of the Accounts Chamber

According to the Federal Law “On the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation”:

The Accounts Chamber is a permanent body of state financial control formed by the Federal Assembly and accountable to it (Article 1);

The Accounts Chamber exercises control over the execution of the federal budget on the basis of the principles of legality, objectivity, independence and publicity (Article 3);

To consider the issues of planning and organizing the work of the Accounts Chamber, the methodology of control and auditing activities, reports and information messages sent to the Federation Council and the State Duma, the Collegium of the Accounts Chamber is formed. The Collegium of the Accounts Chamber includes the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, the Deputy Chairman of the Accounts Chamber and auditors of the Accounts Chamber (Article 7).

The Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation and the Deputy Chairman of the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation are appointed and dismissed, respectively, by the State Duma and the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation. Half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber are appointed and dismissed by the State Duma, and the other half of the auditors of the Accounts Chamber - by the Federation Council on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation (Articles 5 and 6).

The term of office of the Chairman of the Accounts Chamber, Deputy Chairman of the Accounts Chamber and auditors of the Accounts Chamber is 6 years. The activities of the Accounts Chamber are not suspended due to the dissolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (Articles 5, 6 and 29).

Tasks and control powers of the Accounts Chamber

According to the law, the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation carries out:

control over the timely execution of income and expenditure items of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds;

Determining the effectiveness and expediency of spending public funds and using federal property;

assessment of the validity of income and expenditure items of draft federal budgets and budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds;

financial expertise of draft federal laws, as well as regulatory legal acts of federal government bodies that provide for federal budget expenditures or affect the formation and execution of the federal budget and the budgets of federal extra-budgetary funds.

The control powers of the Accounts Chamber extend to all state bodies and institutions in the Russian Federation, to federal off-budget funds, to local governments, enterprises, organizations, banks, insurance companies and other financial and credit institutions, their unions, associations and other associations, regardless of types and forms of ownership, if they:

receive, transfer, use funds from the federal budget;

use or manage federal property;

have tax, customs and other privileges and benefits provided by federal legislation or federal government bodies.

All public authorities in the Russian Federation, local governments, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, enterprises, institutions, organizations, regardless of their form of ownership, are required to provide, at the request of the Accounts Chamber, the information necessary to ensure its activities. Illegal refusal to provide or evasion to provide information (documents, materials), as well as the provision of knowingly incomplete or false information entails criminal liability under Article 287 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

The control bodies of the President and the Government of the Russian Federation, ministries and departments, other state control bodies are obliged to assist the activities of the Accounts Chamber.

Competence of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes a special constitutional and legal status of the Central Bank of Russia, defines its exclusive right to issue money (Part 1) and as its main function the protection and stability of the ruble (Part 2). The status, goals of activities, functions and powers of the Bank of Russia are also determined by Federal Law No. 86-FZ dated July 10, 2002 "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)" and others federal laws.

In accordance with Article 3 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)", the objectives of the Bank of Russia are: to protect and ensure the stability of the ruble; development and strengthening of the banking system of the Russian Federation and ensuring the efficient and uninterrupted functioning of the payment system.

The key element of the legal status of the Bank of Russia is the principle of independence, which is manifested primarily in the fact that the Bank of Russia acts as a special public institution with the exclusive right to issue money and organize money circulation. It is not a body of state power, however, its powers, by their legal nature, relate to the functions of state power, since their implementation involves the use of measures of state coercion. The functions and powers provided for by the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)" are exercised by the Bank of Russia independently of federal state authorities, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local governments. The independence of the status of the Bank of Russia is reflected in Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as well as in Articles 1 and 2 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)".

Functions of the Bank of Russia

The Bank of Russia performs its functions in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation andFederal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)"and other federal laws. According to Article 75 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the main function of the Bank of Russia is to protect and ensure the stability of the ruble, and money emission is carried out exclusively by the Bank of Russia. In accordance with Article 4 of the Federal Law "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)", the Bank of Russia performs the following functions:

develops and implements a unified state monetary policy in cooperation with the Government of the Russian Federation; issues cash and organizes cash circulation;

approves the graphic designation of the ruble in the form of a sign;

acts as a lender of last resort for credit institutions, organizes a system of their refinancing;

establishes the rules for making settlements in the Russian Federation;

establishes the rules for conducting banking operations;

maintains accounts of budgets of all levels of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation, unless otherwise established by federal laws, by carrying out settlements on behalf of authorized executive bodies and state extra-budgetary funds, which are responsible for organizing the execution and execution of budgets;

effectively manages the gold and foreign exchange reserves of the Bank of Russia;

takes decisions on the state registration of credit institutions, issues licenses to credit institutions to carry out banking operations, suspends their validity and revokes them;

supervises the activities of credit institutions and banking groups;

registers the issue of securities by credit institutions in accordance with federal laws;

carries out independently or on behalf of the Government of the Russian Federation all types of banking operations and other transactions necessary to perform the functions of the Bank of Russia;

organizes and implements currency regulation and currency control in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;

determines the procedure for making settlements with international organizations, foreign states, as well as with legal entities and individuals;

sets the rules accounting and reporting for the banking system of the Russian Federation;

establishes and publishes official exchange rates of foreign currencies against the ruble;

takes part in the development of the forecast of the balance of payments of the Russian Federation and organizes the compilation of the balance of payments of the Russian Federation;

establishes the procedure and conditions for the implementation by currency exchanges of activities to organize transactions for the purchase and sale of foreign currency, issues, suspends and revokes permits for currency exchanges to organize operations for the purchase and sale of foreign currency (functions for issuing, suspending and revoking permits for currency exchanges on the organization of transactions for the purchase and sale of foreign currency, the Bank of Russia will perform from the date of entry into force of the federal law on the introduction of appropriate amendments to the Federal Law "On Licensing Certain Types of Activities");

analyzes and forecasts the state of the economy of the Russian Federation as a whole and by region, primarily monetary, monetary, financial and price relations, publishes relevant materials and statistical data;

makes payments by the Bank of Russia on deposits individuals in bankrupt banks that do not participate in the system of compulsory insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation, in the cases and in the manner provided for by federal law;

is a depository of the International Monetary Fund in the currency of the Russian Federation, carries out operations and transactions stipulated by the articles of the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund and agreements with the International Monetary Fund;

performs other functions in accordance with federal laws.

Competence of the Federal Treasury.

General provisions

1. The Federal Treasury (the Treasury of Russia) is a federal executive body (federal service) that, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, exercises law enforcement functions to ensure the execution of the federal budget, cash services for the execution of budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation, preliminary and current control over the conduct of operations with federal budget funds by the main administrators, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds.2. The Federal Treasury is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation.3. The Federal Treasury in its activities is guided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws, acts of the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation, international treaties of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, as well as this Regulation.4. The Federal Treasury carries out its activities directly and through its territorial bodies in cooperation with other federal executive bodies, executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, public associations and other organizations.

II. Powers

5. The Federal Treasury exercises the following powers in the established field of activity: 5.1. communicates to the main administrators, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds the indicators of the consolidated budget list, the limits of budget obligations and the volume of financing; 5.2. keeps records of operations on cash execution of the federal budget; 5.3. opens in the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and credit organizations accounts for the accounting of federal budget funds and other funds in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, establishes the modes of federal budget accounts; 5.4. opens and maintains personal accounts of the main managers, managers and recipients of federal budget funds; 5.5. maintains a consolidated register of chief administrators, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds; 5.6. keeps records of indicators of the consolidated budget list of the federal budget, limits of budget obligations and their changes; 5.7. draws up and submits to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation operational information and reports on the execution of the federal budget, reports on the execution of the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation; 5.8. receives, in accordance with the established procedure, from the chief administrators of federal budget funds, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, state non-budgetary funds and local self-government bodies, materials necessary for compiling reports on the execution of the federal budget and the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation; 5.9. carries out the distribution of income from the payment of federal taxes and fees between the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation; 5.10. carries out forecasting and cash planning of federal budget funds; 5.11. manages operations on the unified account of the federal budget; 5.12. carries out, in accordance with the established procedure, cash services for the execution of budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation; 5.13. ensures cash payments from the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation on behalf of and on behalf of the relevant bodies collecting budget revenues, or recipients of funds from these budgets, whose personal accounts are opened in the Federal Treasury in the prescribed manner; 5.14. carries out preliminary and current control over the conduct of operations with federal budget funds by the main administrators, administrators and recipients of federal budget funds; 5.15. carries out confirmation of the financial obligations of the federal budget and makes a permit inscription on the right to carry out expenditures of the federal budget within the allocated limits of budgetary obligations; 5.16. summarizes the practice of applying the legislation of the Russian Federation in the established field of activity and submits proposals to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation for its improvement; 5.17. performs the functions of the main manager and recipient of federal budget funds provided for the maintenance of the Federal Treasury and the implementation of the functions assigned to it; 5.18. ensures, within its competence, the protection of information constituting a state secret; 5.19. ensures timely and complete consideration of citizens' appeals, making decisions on them and sending answers to applicants within the period established by the legislation of the Russian Federation; 5.20. provides mobilization training for the Federal Treasury; 5.21. organizes professional training of employees of the Federal Treasury, their retraining, advanced training and internships; 5.22. carries out, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, work on the acquisition, storage, accounting and use of archival documents formed in the course of the activities of the Federal Treasury; 5.23. interacts in accordance with the established procedure with public authorities of foreign states and international organizations in the established field of activity; 5.24. conducts competitions in accordance with the established procedure and concludes state contracts for placing orders for the supply of goods, performance of work, provision of services for the needs of the Federal Treasury, as well as for the conduct of research work for state needs in the established field of activity; 5.24.1. maintains a register of government contracts concluded on behalf of the Russian Federation following the results of placing orders;(clause 5.24.1 was introduced by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 11, 2006 N 669) 5.25. performs other functions in the established field of activity, if such functions are provided for by federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation or the Government of the Russian Federation.

The most significant factors that can radically influence the change in the standard of living of the population are political factors. They include the nature of the social (state) system, the stability of the institution of law and the observance of human rights, the ratio of various branches of government, the presence of opposition, various parties, and so on.

It is the political power that contributes to the rise of the economy and the development of entrepreneurship that creates the necessary starting conditions for raising the standard of living in the country.

It is obvious that the politics and the economy of the country are closely interconnected. They are able to support, correct or "interfere" with each other.

This can be seen on the example of entrepreneurship, which appeared legally in the Russian economic reality not so long ago, and which has gone through several stages in its development. On each of them, the entrepreneurial stratum grew numerically and updated, representatives of new social and age groups with different socio-political cultures joined it. Under these conditions, the attitude of the entrepreneurial corps to politics and political action also changed.

"Shadow business" flourished back in the 60s and 70s. In a society where entrepreneurial activity was punished by law, and there was no free political space, the "shadow economy" businessmen, who can only conditionally be called entrepreneurs, were absorbed in making money. Accustomed to caution and acting with caution, these people did not aspire to take a place on the political scene.

Perestroika opened new stage in the development of entrepreneurship. His activities were legalized, a new alternative sector of the economy began to take shape in the country, which allowed many to receive a source of additional income. The development of entrepreneurship coincided with a powerful democratic upsurge in the country. In 1988-1990, almost all members of Russian entrepreneurship got involved in political life (participated in rallies, meetings, demonstrations, worked in voters' clubs). The newly created commercial structures provided financial assistance to political parties and movements of democratic orientation, financed the electoral program of their candidates. That is, people got the opportunity not only to earn money, but also to directly participate in the political life of the country. Lapina N. Entrepreneurs in the political space.//MEiMO, 2008.-No. 6.-p.43-44.

A change in the concept of social development, in our case, the transition from direct and direct control of the economy by the state to a free market mechanism and building public life on democratic principles, directly and indirectly affects the level of well-being of the population and its individual groups. Russia's transition to market relations, the development of entrepreneurship, the rejection of planning, and so on, primarily affected the real incomes of the majority of the country's population. Not everyone was able to navigate the rapidly changing environment and engage in private enterprise, which led to the accumulation of family savings in the hands of a small minority. The most prepared for the new course, for the privatization process, are representatives of the party nomenklatura and leaders of the "shadow economy". Moreover, during the period of perestroika, a significant part of the necessary product went into redistribution, that is, real wages, pensions, and savings in savings banks. As a result, the credibility of the new system and the political authorities, which was pursuing a course towards a market economy, was radically undermined.

To win this confidence, real national labor policy measures are needed that would cover the various components of living standards, namely employment, conditions and wages, social guarantees and increasing the role of the state in the regulation of labor relations.

A strong influence on the standard of living of the population is exerted by economic factors, which include the presence of economic potential in the country, the possibilities for its implementation, the amount of national income, and so on.

The standard of living in the country can also be judged by the ratio of the wealthy to the poor. In world practice, two main forms of poverty are distinguished: absolute - in the absence of income necessary to meet the minimum living needs of an individual or family, and relative - when income does not exceed 40-60% of the average income in the country. Bobkov V., Maslovsky-Mstislavsky P. Dynamics of the standard of living of the population.//The Economist.- 2008.-№6.-p.57.

Cross-country comparison of poverty is conditional due to the unequal base (minimum subsistence level) used as the basis for calculating the poverty threshold.

In Russia, the proportion of the population living below the poverty line has increased dramatically over the past decade. The minimum subsistence needs of Russians are currently assessed by the set of goods and services included in the subsistence minimum. The food set for calculating the subsistence minimum is being developed by specialists from the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Russia. The subsistence minimum budget structure includes, in addition to food costs, non-food items, services, taxes and other obligatory payments.

A very important factor determining the standard of living of Russians is the unemployment rate, which we can see in Figure 1.

Fig.1 (Unemployment rate)

The above graph shows that during the period under review, the unemployment rate was not stable due to the instability of the entire Russian economy as a whole. Until 2008, the number of unemployed gradually decreased (however, in 2002 the percentage of unemployed increased slightly), but due to the financial crisis of 2008-2009. The unemployment rate has risen sharply and has not reached stability to date. Therefore, we can conclude that the standard of living has declined.

The most lagging component of the standard of living, especially in comparison with developed countries, are all types of services to the population in the Russian Federation.

In developed countries, paid services occupy a larger place in the consumer budget of the population than food. These services, firstly, are not comparable with Russian ones in terms of composition, and secondly, the difference in the quality of these services, and, accordingly, their prices, is significant. An important component of the economic potential is national wealth, which is a combination of material resources, accumulated products of past labor and natural resources that society has taken into account and involved in the economic turnover. The remaining part of the total social product, minus the means of labor and material costs consumed in the production process, is the national income, the growth of which allows the state to increase the minimum wage and pensions, the amount of social benefits, implement various social programs, and the like. Mishkin F. Economic theory of money, banking and financial markets / F. Mishkin. - M.: Aspect Press, 2010.

The level and dynamics of labor productivity is also an important factor in the growth of GDP and national income, and hence the standard of living changes depending on the dynamics of labor productivity, we can see this in Figure 2. In turn, labor productivity depends on the development of scientific and technical progress, improving the organization of labor , production and management, socio-economic factors.

Fig.2 (Dynamics of GDP (at constant prices) per capita)

At the beginning of the new millennium, high inflation can be explained by the echo of the transition to a market economy and the crisis of 1998 (after the denomination of the ruble in 1999, inflation was 36.5%). The gradual decline continued until 2006, when inflation again exceeded 10%. Experts note that there is an optimal level of inflation that is safe for economic growth: for developed countries it is within 8%, and for transitional countries - 13%. www.gks.ru

The development of the social sphere (science, education, healthcare, culture) determines the satisfaction of the social needs of the population, contributes to the development of the nation's intellect, affects the economic health of society, and so on.

In world practice, the level and dynamics of the health of the population are put in first place among the components of the standard of living, since they are considered as a basic human need and the main condition for his activity. The main indicators of health are generally accepted indicators of average life expectancy at birth and the mortality rate. The crisis of recent years has led to an ever-increasing reduction in the life expectancy of Russians, and the death rate has increased more and more. The dynamics of mortality is largely determined by the deterioration of health, the deterioration of health care and nutrition of people.

Describing the conditions of health care, it is necessary to keep in mind both its results and the means used: not only the number of hospital beds, but also all medical equipment - all the main funds of health care, and not only the number of doctors, but also all medical personnel, including middle and junior .

The general indicator of the level of culture in the world community is considered to be the average number of years of education of the population (aged 25 years and older). Over the past 20 years, this figure in the Russian Federation has increased by 1.5 times.

Since the beginning of the 90s, due to a lack of financial and material and technical resources in the Russian Federation, a process of well-known degradation of culture has been observed: the number of students has decreased, many universities are transferring education to a commercial basis, publishing activity has decreased, many libraries and cultural centers have closed, theater attendance has decreased , cinemas, museums. Intellectual labor was valued relatively lower. Bobkov V., Maslovsky-Mstislavsky P. Dynamics of the standard of living of the population.//The Economist.- 2007.-№6.-p.52-54.

At present, much less money is spent on the development of science, which also has a negative impact on the country's situation. To overcome these negative factors, additional financing of these industries is needed, which is difficult in the current conditions of Russia, but very important for further development and prosperity of the country.

The factors that determine the standard of living include: working conditions, recreational conditions, social security, social conditions (including environmental conditions, crime rate, etc.), personal savings. As experience shows, any quantitative estimates for each of these factors and for them as a whole are practically impossible. These living conditions are directly dependent on the total resources available in the country for consumption and accumulation, most fully measured by GDP.