Signs in direct speech

Section 195. To highlight direct speech, dashes or quotation marks are used, namely:

1. If direct speech begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed before it, for example:

The little girl ran and screamed:
- Have you seen your mother?

M. Gorky

2. If direct speech is in a line, without a paragraph, then quotation marks are placed before and at the end of it, for example:

The little girl ran and shouted: "Did you see your mother?"

Note. Quotations inserted in the middle of a sentence are also enclosed in quotation marks, but they are not preceded by a colon, for example:

Gogol rightly said that "Pushkin, as if in a lexicon, contains all the richness, flexibility and strength of our language."

Belinsky

Section 196. A sentence that stands in direct speech and indicates to whom it belongs ("author's words") can:

a) precede direct speech; in this case, a colon is placed after it, and after direct speech - a punctuation mark in accordance with the nature of direct speech, for example:

He turned away and, walking away, muttered: "Still, this is completely against the rules."

Lermontov


Finally, I said to her: “Do you want to go for a walk on the rampart?”

Lermontov


She looked and cried out: "It's Kazbich!"

Lermontov

b) follow direct speech; in this case, after direct speech, a question mark, or an exclamation point, or an ellipsis, or a comma (the last instead of a dot) is placed, and after this sign is a dash, for example:

“And what about Kazbich?” I asked the staff captain impatiently.

Lermontov

- And what about Kazbich? I asked the staff captain impatiently.


"How boring!" I exclaimed involuntarily.

Lermontov

- How boring! I exclaimed involuntarily.


"She's dead..." Aksinya echoed back.

Sholokhov

"She's dead..." Aksinya echoed back.

“There is the district ataman,” Pantelei Prokofievich whispered, pushing Grigory from behind.

Sholokhov

“There is the district ataman,” whispered Pantelei Prokofievich, pushing Grigory from behind.

c) break direct speech into two parts; in this case put:

after the words of the author - a dot, if the first part of direct speech is a complete sentence, and a comma - if unfinished, then a dash is put; if at the same time direct speech is highlighted with quotation marks, then they are placed only before the beginning of direct speech and at the very end of it, for example:

"Would you like some more rum?" I said to my interlocutor. - I have a white from Tiflis; it's cold now.

Lermontov


- Well, it's full, it's full! said Pechorin, embracing him in a friendly way. Am I not the same?

Lermontov


“Listen to me...” said Nadya, “sometime to the end.

Chekhov


“My name is Foma,” he answered, “and my nickname is Biryuk.

Turgenev


“It’s going to rain,” Kalinich objected, “the ducks are splashing over there, and the grass smells sickly.”

Turgenev

“Let’s go, it’s cold,” Makarov said and asked sullenly: “Why are you silent?

M. Gorky

Note 2. The rules set out in this paragraph also apply to sentences containing quotations indicating to whom they belong.

Note 3. An internal monologue (“mental speech”), which has the form of direct speech, is also enclosed in quotation marks.

Section 197. If several replicas follow in a line without indicating who they belong to, then each of them is separated by quotes and, in addition, separated from the next one by a dash, for example:

“Tell me, beauty,” I asked, “what were you doing on the roof today?” “I watched which way the wind was blowing.” - "Why do you?" “Where the wind comes from, happiness comes from there.” - “Well, did you call happiness with a song?” “Where one sings, one is happy there.”

Direct speech (hereinafter PR) is the transmission of someone else's statement accompanied by the author's words. Its correct design allows you to convey all the features of the living Russian language, its expression. This is taught from the fifth grade. This is a separate sentence from the author's words. It preserves and conveys not only the general meaning of the statement, but also its stylistic features.

In contact with

Methods of transmission and registration

The text of the author may include other people's words that do not belong to him.

To formalize other people's thoughts, you can use the rules for writing direct or indirect speech, improperly direct speech or dialogue. At the same time, it will be more difficult to issue the first version, since it includes the words of the author. But it is direct speech that retains 100% both the content and the form of other people's sayings.

Punctuation marks

Alien expressions in a letter require special design, depending on the location of the author's text, they can be before, after or inside the PR.

The following four options are possible:



Schemes and dialogue

The easiest way to remember the rules for designing a PR is using diagrams.

Signs can be respectively large or small.

The dialogue is not formatted in quotation marks, even if there is an author's text. Each new replica starts on a new line and is preceded by a dash.

- May I go? - Olya asked.

“Yes, of course,” Mom replied. - Go play.

If there are two direct speeches in one sentence, then a colon is also placed before the second one.

—Yes, go, - my mother answered and asked: - Are you going with Kolya?

Short dialogues are written in one line:

- I will go? - Olya asked. - Yes, sure!

Writing quotes

A quote is a verbatim reproduction of someone's statements.. They are usually framed in quotation marks, like sentences with PR. But not every quote is PR. To do this, a sentence with a quote must contain the words of the author.

A quote can be both prose and poetry, but such sentences are drawn up according to the same rules as a regular PR. And only if such a poetic quotation is drawn up separately from the author's speech, it is not enclosed in quotation marks.

If the sentence continues after the poetic quotation, then a dash or a comma and a dash is put at the end of the poem.

The design of direct speech in the text allows you to reproduce all the features of live oral speech.

The concept of direct speech and the words of the author

Direct speech is a reproduced someone else's statement, in which its lexical, syntactic and intonational features are preserved. Direct speech is accompanied by the words of the author, from which it becomes known to whom the thought belongs, under what circumstances and how it will be expressed.

The design of direct speech allows you to reproduce all the features of live oral speech: expression, appeals, exclamations, and the like. Direct speech stores not only the content of the statement, but also its lexical, grammatical and stylistic features:

"Vasya! Come here!" my father shouted from the yard.

Punctuation marks and direct speech

Quoting direct speech is a mandatory rule, and quotes should include question and exclamation marks, as well as an ellipsis that ends the sentence. The dot and comma must be enclosed in quotation marks. However, if there are already signs in quotes, question or exclamation marks, or ellipsis, then neither a period nor a comma is placed behind the quotes. Direct speech may consist of one or more sentences, as well as its parts.



If there is a design of direct speech in the text, the words of the author may be before, inside or after it.

• Grandmother asks: "What, kids? Do you want pies?"
• “What, kids?” Grandma asks. “Do you want pies?”
• "What, kids? Do you want pies?" Grandma asks.

You can learn the use of punctuation marks in constructions when making direct speech (P, p) with the words of the author (A, a) using the following schemes:

It should be noted that the words of the author are highlighted with a comma and a dash on both sides when they are inside a direct speech expressed by a declarative sentence. If the author's words end with an indication (added, said, objected, answered) that direct speech continues, the design of the second part should begin with a capital letter; after the words of the author, in this case, you need to put a colon and a dash.

Dialogue

Dialogue is a type of direct speech. Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people. The individual messages and questions that make up the dialogue are called replicas. In replicas, the words of the author are often missing. In dramatic works, the words of the author are called remarks.



Dialogue punctuation marks

The dialogue begins with a paragraph and a dash before the line:

- Mother! Does the sun have children?
- Eat.
“Where are they?”
- Where? And in the sky... those stars that shine at night are the children of the sun...

In dramatic works, the dialogue is written after the name of the character and a period:

M a l ch i k. My ears are frozen ...
Girl. Put on your hat!

In all cases, the design of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

Transmission of direct speech indirect

In life and in literature it is often necessary to replace direct speech with indirect speech, that is, to convey it in your own words. A sentence with direct speech then becomes complex, in which the main sentence forms the words of the author, and the subordinate one forms direct speech; to connect the main and contracting parts, the unions "to" or "a" are used, as well as pronouns and adverbs:

• "Will you go by boat to Kanev?" the teacher asked the high school students.
• The teacher asked if the high school students would go by boat to Kaniv.



The questions expressed by the contract proposal are called indirect; no sign is placed at the end of such a sentence.

Someone else's statement, transmitted on behalf of the narrator along with the words of the author, is called indirect speech. When someone else's statement is conveyed from oneself, that is, by indirect speech, then the words of the author are made the main sentence, and the direct speech is contracted.

Quotation rules

A quotation is a verbatim passage from some work or text to prove or illustrate a particular opinion. The quotation must be enclosed in quotation marks.



1. Nothing in the quote can be changed, not even punctuation marks. When a quotation is incomplete, gaps in it should be indicated by three dots.
   Quoting is of two types: in the form of direct speech and in the form of indirect speech.
2. If the quote is given in the form of direct speech, then the design of punctuation marks with it must be done in the same way as the design of direct speech in writing.
3. If the quotation is given as component in the author's sentence, then the same requirements apply to it as to indirect speech.
4. If the quotation is given in the form of a verse, then it is not taken in quotation marks.

H horrendous speech is the statement of others. It can be transmitted by direct and indirect speech.

From the means of transmitting someone else's speech:




Direct speech is a verbatim reproduction of someone else's statement. For its transmission, special syntactic constructions are used, which consist of 2 components: the words of the author and the actual direct speech.

I said: "Let's go fishing tomorrow!"

Misha replied: "Okay, I'll pick you up at five in the morning."

Direct speech is usually accompanied author's words, explaining to whom it belongs (the words of the author in the examples given: I said, Misha answered).

When transmitting direct speech in writing, direct speech is enclosed in quotation marks.

“The day after tomorrow I will go to the Volga,” Sasha said.

If in this case the direct speech contains a question or it is pronounced with an exclamation, then a question or exclamation mark and a dash are placed after it, for example:

"Who's screaming?" came a harsh cry from the sea.

“Let's go!” said Gavrila, lowering the oars into the water.

Direct speech can be broken by the words of the author, while punctuation marks are placed as follows: if there is no sign at the place of the break in direct speech or there is a comma, semicolon or colon, then the words of the author are distinguished on both sides by commas and dashes.

"Hear me out sometime to the end."

"My name is Foma, and nicknamed Biryuk."

“It will rain: the ducks are splashing, and the grass smells painfully strongly.”

“Hear me out,” said Nadia, “sometime to the end.”

“My name is Foma,” he replied, “and nicknamed Biryuk.”

“It will rain,” Kalinich objected, “the ducks are splashing over there, and the grass smells painfully strongly.”

If there is a dot at the place where the direct speech breaks, then a comma and a dash are placed before the words of the author, and after them - a dot and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

"Let's go for a walk tomorrow morning. I want to learn from you the Latin names of field plants and their properties.

“Let's go for a walk tomorrow morning,” Anna Sergeevna said to Bazarov. “I want to learn from you the Latin names of field plants and their properties.”

If there is a question or exclamation mark at the place of the break in direct speech, then a dash is placed before the words of the author, and after them a period and a dash; the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

3 punctuation in sentences with direct speech:

Indirect speech This is a paraphrase of someone else's statement. For its design, one of the types is used subordinate clause- a construction with a subordinate explanatory clause.

The main part of such proposals is built on behalf of the author of the text and matches the words the author in direct speech, A adnexa conveys content utterances and corresponds to direct speech.


The purpose of the statement	Connection method	Examples
Declarative sentence	Unions as if that	He said, What will arrive in the morning.
Interrogative sentence	Pronouns and adverbs who, what, what, where, why, when; particle whether in the meaning of union	Mom asked When the plane will arrive.
incentive offer	Union to	The boss ordered to everyone went outside.




Syntactically indirect speech is complex sentence, where the words of the author are conveyed in the main clause, and the statement itself is conveyed in the subordinate clause.

Anton said that tomorrow we will go out of town.

When transmitting other people's words in direct speech, appeals, interjections, introductory words are preserved, and in indirect speech they are omitted.

For example:

“Hey Petya, did you pass the exam?” - asked Nadia(direct speech).

Nadia asked Petya if he passed the exam(indirect speech).

A question expressed in indirect speech is called indirect question. There is no question mark after an indirect question.

Seventh-graders of the Pedagogical Gymnasium No. 1505 in Moscow developed and compiled a collection of exercises for their younger fellow students (headed by I.L. STARIKOVA). So they are engaged in project activities - one of the types research work- at this school.
In the fall, children in grades 6-10 choose the topic of the project, and in the winter session they defend the project as an exam.

Compilers of the collection - students of the 7th grade
Nadezhda ZAVYALOVA,
Nikita FILATOV,
Ivan TRIFONOV,
Andrey YUSHIN,
Karen LALAYAN,
GOU gymnasium No. 1505,
Moscow

Direct speech

Seventh graders make a collection of exercises

I. Linguistic phenomenon
(What is direct speech?)

Direct speech - This is the transmission of someone else's speech, preserving its content and form. It accurately reproduces someone else's statement and is accompanied by the author's words.

"Guys let's be friends!" Leopold the cat said with a smile.

Direct speech may include not one, but several sentences.

The pike began to beg Emelya: “Don’t ruin me, Emelyushka. Let go to the river. Do you want me to make you rich for this?

II. spelling aspect
(Punctuation)

Quotation marks are used to highlight direct speech. The author's words can be before, after and inside direct speech.

Sentence schemes with direct speech

"P!" - A.

"Leopold, we surrender!" the mice shouted as they floated in a glass of soda.

"P" - a.

“Frog, frog, give me my arrow,” Ivan Tsarevich pleaded.

"P?" - A.

“Do you know where you got to?” - the robber Barmaley asked Dr. Aibolit.

A: "P".

The cunning fox grinned and said: “Let me share the cheese equally with you.”

A: "P?"

The wolf licked his lips and asked: “Where are you going, Little Red Riding Hood?”.

A: "P!"

A fox rides on a wolf and slowly sings: “The beaten unbeaten one is lucky, the beaten one is lucky!”.

"P, - a, - p?"

“So you say,” said the Needlewoman, “that you are kind, but why do you keep green grass under a snowy featherbed?”

"P! - A. - P!"

“Sivka-Burka, prophetic kaurka! shouted Ivan the Fool. “Stand before me like a leaf before grass!”

"P! - A. - P".

“Show me! shouted Danila the master. “Without a flower, I have no life.”

"P-a. - P?"

“Hey, master,” Pinocchio said importantly. “Will you give us three crusts of bread?”

"P? - A. - P!"

“What kind of fool is he? people whispered. “He is cunning if he made the buckets go!”

Conventional designations.

- the easiest task
- task of medium severity
- the hardest task

Exercise #1


* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

Autumn has come, and the sun is not so hot anymore. “It's time for us to think about winter,” Naf-Naf once said. But the brothers decided that they would walk and jump in the meadow. “Winter is still far away,” said Nif-Nif and rolled over his head. Nuf-Nuf lay down in a puddle and said: "When necessary, I will build a house for myself." Every day it got colder and colder. “Today we will take a walk, and tomorrow morning we will get down to business,” said the piglets. When a large puddle by the road began to be covered with a thin crust of ice in the morning, the lazy brothers decided to get to work. And only the hardworking Naf-Naf, when building a house, believed that his house should be a fortress.

(Seventh-graders gave the keys to all coherent texts. They are not in this publication. - Red.)

Exercise #1

Read the text and write out sentences from it with direct speech.


Ole Lukoye quietly opens the door, and the children's eyelids begin to stick together.
“Do you want to visit foreign lands at night, and return home by morning?” Ole Hjalmar asked.
The stork flapped its wide wings and flew to warmer climes.
“Tomorrow they will make soup from these chickens,” said Hjalmar and woke up in his small bed.
Ole Lukoye said: "This mouse has come to invite you to the wedding."
“But how can I get through a small hole in the floor?” the boy asked.
“What a wonderful smell! The whole corridor smells of lard! What could be better? the mouse squeaked.
"What are you going to say today?" Hjalmar asked.
He opened his beautiful umbrella over the boy and said: “There is no time today!”.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise #1

Read the text and write out sentences from it with direct speech.
* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

The streets were crowded with a lot of people. Everyone around, pointing at the dwarf, shouted: "What a long nose this ugly dwarf has!"
Jacob really wanted to look at the dwarf, but he had to hurry to his mother. Creeping up, he put his hand on her shoulder and said: “Mom, are you angry with me?”.
"What do you want from me, scary dwarf?" Hannah screamed in fright.
Jacob decided that his mother was unwell, and said: “Mother, why are you persecuting me?”.
There were already a lot of people around them.
Turning to those around her, Hanna said: “Look at the dwarf! He scares away all buyers with his terrible appearance!
Jacob wandered away from the market. He walked down the street and muttered under his breath: “Why did my mother drive me away?”.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise #2


* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

1. “What a glorious saber and satchel you have!” the witch said.
2. Then the witch added: “Now you will receive as much money as your heart desires!”.
3. "Climb up, climb into the hollow and go down," continued the witch, pointing to the tree.
4. The soldier asked: “Why should I go there?”.
5. “There will be chests with money. Take as much money as you want. Bring me only a flint and flint,” the witch replied.
6. The soldier ordered: "Then tie me with a rope!".
7. "Drag me back, old witch," the soldier ordered, having completed the task.
8. The witch impatiently asked: "Did you get the flint?"
9. “Oh, I almost forgot!” exclaimed the soldier, returning for the steel.
10. "Answer quickly, otherwise I'll cut off your head!" the soldier shouted.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise #2

Explain the use of punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech. Build proposal schemes.
* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

1. “It’s easy to find a scarlet flower, but how can I find out that there is nothing more beautiful than it in this world?” said the merchant, fondling his younger daughter.
2. "You will die an untimely death!" yelled a wild voice.
3. The furry monster roared: “How dare you pick my favorite flower in my garden?”.
4. In the morning the merchant called his eldest daughter to him, told her everything that had happened to him, and asked: “Do you want to save me from a fierce death and go to live with the forest beast?”
5. “Let that daughter help out her father, for whom he got the scarlet flower,” said the eldest daughter and flatly refused to go.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise #2

Explain the use of punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech. Build proposal schemes.
* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

1. Mom said to Ellie: “In the old days there were wizards, and then they disappeared.”
2. “Still, it’s boring without wizards. If I suddenly became a queen, I would definitely order that there should be a magician in every city and in every village, ”Ellie answered.
3. “Oh, Totoshka, how funny you are!” Ellie said.
4. The old woman turned to Ellie: “Tell me, how did you find yourself in the country of the Munchkins, dear child?”
5. “I was brought here by a hurricane in this house,” Ellie answered timidly.
6. “Never heard such a name,” said the sorceress, pursing her lips.
7. “It is true, ma'am. During hurricanes, we hide in the cellar, but I ran to the house for my dog, ”Ellie replied embarrassedly.
8. The sorceress Villina was upset: “My magic book could not have foreseen such a reckless act!”

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise #3

What verbs will we use in a sentence with direct speech, if we need to convey:

1) strong excitement;
2) indignation, indignation;
3) calm mood;
4) joy;
5) request;
6) ask a question?

Divide the verbs into groups.

He asked, said, was indignant, proclaimed, was horrified, informed, asked, answered, prayed, objected, exclaimed, shouted, inquired, grinned, roared, thought, asked again, ordered, reproached, got angry, heard, spoke, calmed, questioned, said.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 4

thought, ordered, asked, hissed, talked, answered, said, asked.

"Move your paws!" - ______ duck, turning to the ducklings. “How big and awkward he is!” - ______ bad duck. Mother duck ______: "He is ugly, but he swims better than others." "Too big" - ______ chickens. wild ducks ______: "What bird is that?" "I'm so ugly that even a dog is disgusted to eat me" - ______ duck. "Can you arch your back and purr?" - ______ cat. “The new swan is the best! He is so handsome and young!” - ______ children and adults.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 4

Insert these verbs of speech into the sentences:

said, thought, prayed, answered, shouted, asked, asked, said.

The Donkey and ______ got scared: “Where will I go, where will I go? I am old and weak." And then ______: "I'll go to the city of Bremen and become a street musician there." "Ah, Donkey, have pity on me!" - ______ dog. "Why are you so unhappy?" - ______ Donkey, noticing the Cat. “Let's go, Cockerel, with us to the city of Bremen,” - ______ Donkey. Joyfully ______ Rooster: "The light is glowing!". The Donkey looked out the window and ______: "The robbers are sitting at the table, eating and drinking." “How can we drive these robbers out of the house?” - ______ Rooster.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 4

Insert these verbs of speech into the sentences:

answered, said, squeaked, shouted, asked again, inquired, asked, barked.

The cat gave the king a respectful bow and ______: "My master ordered this modest gift to be presented to you." "Thank your master" - ______ king. The cat rushed to the carriage and ______: “Help! The Marquis de Carabas is drowning! King ______, looking out of the window: "Whose meadow are you mowing?". "I was assured that you can turn into any animal" - ______ Cat. "I will immediately become a lion" - ______ giant. “Can you turn into the smallest animals?” - ______ Cat. "Do you think it's completely impossible?" - ______ giant.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 5

Set up punctuation marks.
* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

What a beautiful wet weather the frog thought today Ducks shouted flapping their wings well in the south The frog was delighted and asked if there were many mosquitoes and frogs There were whole clouds the duck answered Take me with you the frog asked The surprised duck exclaimed how we will take you You don’t have wings Let me think for five minutes the frog begged Ducks the frog was carried by the guys shouting She could not stand it and screamed it I thought of everything I invented an unusual way to travel on ducks the frog told the local frogs I will stay with you until spring said the traveler frog

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 5

Set up punctuation marks.
* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

Once upon a time, there was a king who loved to dress up. Once two deceivers arrived in the city who pretended to be weavers We can make such a wonderful fabric that becomes invisible to a stupid person, they assured the King exclaimed that this would be a dress He was delighted that he could distinguish smart people from stupid Proceed to the king said at work Everyone said the craftsmen work hard but they themselves have nothing on the machines Am I really that stupid because I don’t see the fabric thought the minister The weaver asked what is your opinion The minister answered wonderfully delightfully

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 5

Set up punctuation marks.
* In case of difficulty, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

The little mermaid saved the prince She wanted to know more about people The little mermaid asked her wise grandmother how people differ from mermaids They have a soul You will also gain a soul if one of the people falls in love with you grandmother answered I should be like people the little mermaid decided and asked for help to the sea witch I know why you came she said You will get rid of your tail but in return you will give me your wonderful voice said the witch laughing Well answered the Little Mermaid The witch put the cauldron on fire to brew a potion

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 6

The fox, sitting under the window, sang: "Cockerel, cockerel, golden comb, look out the window, I'll give you peas." “Look, Petya, don’t look out the window, don’t listen to the fox,” said the cat, getting ready to hunt. The cunning fox says: “Well, Petya, have you become so proud?” “The fox carries me beyond the dark forests, beyond the high mountains. Brother cat, help me out!" the cockerel yelled. Leaving the house, the cat strictly ordered: “Look, Petya, don’t look out the window, don’t listen to the fox.” “No, fox, you won’t deceive me anymore! I won’t look out the window, ”the cockerel thought. Going to the window, the cunning fox exclaimed: “Look, Petya, how many curiosities I have!”

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 6

Rearrange the sentences by swapping direct speech with the words of the author. Make a conclusion about the place of the verb of speech relative to direct speech.

« Good morning! My,” the cow across the river sighed. The hedgehog said quietly: “So the star fell, and the grass leaned to the left, and only the top remained of the tree, and now it swims next to the horse.” "Where is the horse now?" thought the hedgehog. He continued to reason: "Will the horse drown in the fog if it goes to sleep?" "I'm in a river of fog," the hedgehog realized. He decided: "Let this river itself carry me." “That's the story,” thought the hedgehog. The hedgehog grumbled: "Who would believe it?"

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 6

Rearrange the sentences by swapping direct speech with the words of the author. Make a conclusion about the place of the verb of speech relative to direct speech.

"What kind of book is it if it doesn't have pictures?" thought Alice. Rabbit muttered under his breath, "How late I am!" "Do cats eat bats?" Sleeping, Alice said. The girl said sternly: “First I must make sure that the word I". "I'm making the duchess wait a long time," said the rabbit rather quickly. Alice went on talking to herself: “How strange everything is today! But yesterday everything was normal.”

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 7

Sample:




“It’s bad to get into such bad weather,” said the old poet. "I'm cold and wet," cried the child.
“My name is Amur,” the boy replied.
“I can shoot from a bow,” said the cheerful little boy. “My bow is not spoiled at all,” exclaimed the boy.
"Boys and girls! Beware of this Cupid,” said the poet. “This boy is a big rogue,” said the kind old man.
"Children, don't mess with the bad boy," the old man warned.
“My bow was completely dry, but nothing happened to him,” said Cupid.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 7

Change the sentences with direct speech into sentences with indirect speech.

Sample:

The evil stepmother ordered her stepdaughter: "Go to the forest and pick snowdrops there."
The evil stepmother ordered her stepdaughter to go into the forest and collect snowdrops there.

“Before March, they will not be born,” said the surprised girl.
“Go to the forest and don’t come back without flowers,” the sister said to the tearful girl.
“It doesn't matter where it's freezing,” thought the poor thing, sitting on a fallen tree.
The girl showed the old man an empty basket and said: “I need to fill it with snowdrops.”
The poor thing began to cry and said: “It’s better for me to freeze in the forest than to return home without snowdrops.”
The old man grinned and said: "Hurry up and pick flowers faster."
The stepmother shouts to her daughter: “Put on mittens and button up your fur coat!”.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 7

Change the sentences with direct speech into sentences with indirect speech.

Sample:

The evil stepmother ordered her stepdaughter: "Go to the forest and pick snowdrops there."
The evil stepmother ordered her stepdaughter to go into the forest and collect snowdrops there.

“My flowers are completely wilted,” said little Ida.
“Flowers were at the ball tonight,” the student said.
“The little daisies and lilies of the valley are also dancing,” he said.
“You are very sweet,” the big nettle said to the red carnation. “Get out of bed, Sophie,” little Ida said to the doll.
“I know where the ball will be at night,” the girl whispered to the tulips and hyacinths.
"These are stupid stories," Sophie's wax doll yelled loudly.
“Sophie, you are bad,” said little Ida.

Check yourself with the keys at the end of the collection.

Exercise number 8





The girl came in, tripped on the rope and fell. The b_shmachok from the right leg flew off and rolled to the side. The cunning Bastinda seized it and put it on her leg. "Give me the shoe! Shame on you!" Ellie screamed. "Try to take it!" – grimacing, answered the old woman. Ellie grabbed a bucket of water, ran up to the old woman and doused her with water (from) her head (to) her feet. She was hot. The sorceress screeched (?) stinging: “What have you done? Because I'm growing up now." “I am very sorry, ma'am. But why did you steal the slipper?” Ellie replied. The sorceress's voice broke off, and she sank to the floor with a whisper. Ellie looked with horror at the death of Bastinda.

Exercise number 8

Get ready to write a dictation.

1. Read the text expressively.
2. Explain the punctuation marks.
3. Explain the spelling of the missing letters.

The shepherd wept and ran to tell her stepmother about her misfortune. The stepmother said angrily: “You dropped the spindle, you get it!” "Don't come back without a spindle!" she shouted angrily at the girl. Waking up, she saw that she was lying on a green lawn. The apple tree asked the girl: “Shake me! My apples are ripe!” The girl rubbed the apple tree (until) (those) (since) until not a single apple remained. An old woman looked out the window of the hut and shouted to her: “If you work well, I will reward you.” A minute later she added: “Work great! When feathers fly from my feather bed, it snows on the ground! It was good for the girl at the Metelitsa. She did not scold her, but fed her always satisfying and tasty.

Exercise number 8

Get ready to write a dictation.

1. Read the text expressively.
2. Explain the punctuation marks.
3. Explain the spelling of the missing letters.

A little man was sitting on the edge of the chest. "This is a real gnome!" Niels agreed. Mother often told that the gnomes live in the forest and know everything about the treasures that are buried in the ground. Nils slid down to the floor and (s, h) pulled the net from the nail. The dwarf prayed: “Let me go, I will give you a gold coin for this. It will be as big as the button on your shirt." Nils thought for a moment and said, "That's very good." After a few minutes, he decided that he hadn't done enough. “I want you to teach lessons for me!” Nils added and looked at the gnome in the net. Suddenly the net fell out of his hands, and the boy rolled head over heels into a corner. "I'm no more than a sparrow now!" he exclaimed when he saw himself in the mirror. Little Niels decided: "I must definitely find a gnome."

Exercise number 9

Read the text. Title it. Explain the punctuation marks in the text.


Exercise number 9

Read the text. Title it. Explain the punctuation marks in the text.
Think about the purpose for which direct speech is used in a fairy tale. Make a plan of the text and prepare for the presentation.

There were gifts under the tree. "So many toys!" Marie exclaimed. The girl asked in confusion: “Oh, dear daddy, who is this pretty little man for?” “He was bought for everyone and will carefully crack hard nuts,” answered the father.
Marie put a nut in the Nutcracker's mouth. The shell of the nut cracked and fell off, leaving Marie with a delicious kernel in her palm. She chose the smallest nuts so that the little man did not have to open his mouth too wide.
Her brother also ran up to Marie and burst out laughing at the sight of a funny little man. "Look what a big nut!" the boy shouted. There was a crack and three of the Nutcracker's teeth fell out of his mouth. "Poor, dear Nutcracker!" Marie screamed and took it away. “And why does he take nuts to gnaw, and his teeth are no good! There is nothing to stand on ceremony with him! the boy exclaimed. Marie sobbed and wrapped the sick Nutcracker in a handkerchief.
The father approached the children and said: “I am giving the Nutcracker to the care of Marie. He needs her care." “The wounded are never left in line,” he added. Marie tied the Nutcracker's injured jaw with a beautiful white ribbon, which she broke off from her dress.

Exercise number 9

Read the text. Title it. Explain the punctuation marks in the text. Think about the purpose for which direct speech is used in a fairy tale.
Make a plan of the text and prepare for the presentation.



The great artist and builder Daedalus had to flee from Athens. The Cretan king Minos gave him shelter. Daedalus knew that the king would never let him go.
One day, sitting by the sea, the master thought: “Birds cut through the air with their wings and fly wherever they want. Is a man worse than a bird? He collected the feathers of large birds, skillfully knitted them and sealed them with wax. Daedalus made two wings for himself and for his son Icarus. Wings were attached to the chest and arms.
Daedalus put the wings on his son and said: “Quietly wave your hands. Don't go too low to the waves and don't go too high." Daedalus flew carefully. Icarus decided: "I will rise high, high, above the swallows, above the lark, to the very sun."
Under the hot rays, the wax melted, the feathers disintegrated. Icarus fell rapidly and disappeared into the sea. Daedalus, descending on the island, broke his wings and cursed the art that killed his son. People remembered this legend and remembered it, dreaming of conquering the air.

The following fairy tales and myths were used in the work on the project:

1) "Three little pigs";
2) "12 months";
3) "Frog Traveler";
4) "Scarlet flower";
5) "The Bremen Town Musicians";
6) "Cat, rooster and fox";
7) "Dedalus and Icarus";
8) "The Wizard of the Emerald City";
9) "Hedgehog in the fog";
10) "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland";
11) "Wolf and seven kids":
12) "Ugly duckling";
13) "Thumbelina";
14) "At the command of the pike";
15) "The Adventures of the Cat Leopold";
16) "Phone";
17) "Cinderella";
18) "Masha and the Bear";
19) "The Adventures of Pinocchio";
20) "The Frog Princess";
21) "Doctor Aibolit";
22) "Two greedy little bears";
23) Little Red Riding Hood;
24) "The Fox and the Wolf";
25) "Moroz Ivanovich";b
26) "Sivka-Burka";
27) "Stone flower";
28) "Dunno and his friends";
29) "Magic ring";
30) "The Little Mermaid";
31) "The new dress of the king";
32) "Ole-Lukoye";
33) "Dwarf Nose";
34) "Mrs. Metelitsa";
35) "Bad boy";
36) "Kolobok";
37) "Flint";
38) "The Nutcracker and the Mouse King";
39) "The wonderful journey of Niels with wild geese";
40) "Flowers of little Ida."

When working on the project, the following literature was used:

D.E. Rosenthal, E.V. Dzhandzhakova, N.P. Kabanova. A guide to spelling, pronunciation, literary editing. M., 1998.

I.E. Savko. Whole school course Russian language. Minsk, Modern Writer, 2002.

D.E. Rosenthal, I.B. Golub, M.A. Telenkova. Modern Russian language. M.: Iris-Press, 2004.

D.E. Rosenthal. Punctuation and management in Russian. M.: Book, 1988.

V.V. Babaitseva, L.D. Chesnokov. Russian language. Theory. 5th-9th grades. M.: Bustard, 2002.