The project is the theme of flora and fauna of the kuban. Nature, plants and animals of the Krasnodar region. Fauna of the Krasnodar Territory
Animals are inhabitants of natural areas.
Protection of the organic world of the Krasnodar Territory
1. Determine the meaning of the terms.
Population - a long-term collection of individuals of the same species.
Area - This is an area on the surface of the earth or water, which is occupied by one or another type of plant, animal, fish.
Relic - a thing, phenomenon or organism, preserved as a relic from ancient times.
2. Using the "fishbow" technique, draw up a diagram "Fauna of the natural complexes of the Krasnodar Territory.
3. Unravel the tea-word, in which the names of animals living in the Krasnodar Territory and in the Black Sea are encrypted, and write down which of them are included in the Red Book.
Bottlenose dolphin, mink, newt are listed in the Red Book
4. Mark the correct statements with +.
- The species diversity of the fauna of the steppe zone does not depend on human activities
- Waterfowl live in the Azov region: hamster, weasel, hedgehog, hare, badger
+ The Trans-Kuban plain is inhabited by both steppe and forest representatives of the animal world.
- Among the predators in our region, the largest is the bison
+ The smallest predator living in the region is the weasel.
5. Make a list of the largest environmental organizations operating in the Krasnodar Territory. Use the information posted on the website of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Krasnodar Territory (mprkk.ru). Find out if your area has specially protected natural areas, including botanical natural monuments. Prepare a short message about one of them.
- World Wildlife Fund. Separate subdivision branch Russian Caucasus
- Rosprirodnadzor, the department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea
- Azov-Black Sea Basin Administration for Fisheries and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources
- Regional Information and Analytical Center for Environmental Monitoring
- Kuban ecological company
- Kuban State Agrarian University Scientific Research Institute of Applied and Experimental Ecology
- Kuban ecological center
- Center for Legal Protection and Ecology
Natural Monuments
Platans two trees 150 years old - a botanical natural monument in Krasnodar, Oak Giant - a natural monument since 1978 in Krasnodar, Gorky Park - is an active natural and historical cultural monument. In the park named after Zhukov there are botanical cultural monuments 100 - year - old maple - leaved plane trees "Handsome".
6. Reflect on the statement of the Russian writer Mikhail Prishvin: "In nature, everything is connected with one another, and there is nothing accidental in it. And if a random phenomenon comes out, look for a human hand in it." Write a short discourse essay. Reflect in it the natural features of the Krasnodar Territory and the role of man in the transformation of the environment.
In nature, everything has been perfected not for years or even millennia, but for millions of years. Everything is harmonious in her. Not only Prishvin wrote about this. Einstein argued that there is nothing random in nature, and if something seems random to us, it is only the result of our incomplete knowledge. Unfortunately, man often plays a destructive role in nature, because of his activities, environmental problems arise. First of all, this is water pollution and depletion of water resources. In reservoirs, there is a decrease in the species and number of fish. The Kuban River flows in the Krasnodar Territory, the waters of which do not meet safety standards. It is forbidden to swim in the reservoir, so the local beaches were eliminated.
Another problem is soil erosion and a decrease in soil fertility, especially in coastal areas. Some natural monuments, such as national parks, are also being destroyed. Rare species of flora and fauna are disappearing on the territory of the region.
One of the significant environmental problems of the Krasnodar Territory is oil and oil product pollution. Due to some accidents, the situation has reached a disastrous level. The largest leaks were observed in the following settlements: Tuapse; Yeisk; Tikhoretsk.
Oil depots are leaking kerosene and gasoline. Underground, in these places, lenses appeared, where oil products were concentrated. They pollute soil and groundwater.
It is high time to realize that it is necessary to take care of nature and protect it in order to continue our own life on earth.
In the northeastern part of the region, in the Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland, steppe animals are widespread. Field mice, gophers, jerboas, moles, hamsters live here. All of them are harmful to agriculture. They live in burrows, feed on grain and leaves. Among predators there are foxes, weasels, ferrets. From birds - larks, quails, gray partridges, crows, magpies. There are also predatory animals - kites, owls, owls, steppe harrier.
In gardens and parks, you can see finches, tits, buntings, starlings.
In the Kuban delta, in the floodplains and estuaries, wild boars, foxes, waterfowl are found: pelicans, gulls, ducks, lapwings, sandpipers, geese, herons, sometimes swans come. Muskrat lives in the estuaries. In the floodplains of the Kalinin region, there is the region's largest multi-species colony of storks.
Fauna of forests
In the mountains and foothills there is an abundance of forest fruits and lush meadow grasses. This creates favorable conditions for the habitation of animals and birds. In oak and beech forests, wild pigs graze in small herds. Unlike domestic pigs, feral pigs are somewhat shorter and taller on legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kilograms of weight. They are covered with dense, coarse bristles of dark brown, and sometimes almost black color. The male has fangs.
In broad-leaved forests there are small roe deer, about the size of a domestic goat, which in appearance resemble a deer. Only males have horns. They hunt bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, marten. On the banks of the rivers there are mink and otter. They dive and swim well, feed on fish, frogs.
Of the reptiles there are: snakes - common and water, vipers - steppe and Koznakov's viper (found high in the mountains), legless lizard spindle and yellow toad.
In the morning, the forest and the valleys of the foothills are filled with the singing and chirping of various birds.
Predators of the Krasnodar Territory
Magpies chirp, blackbirds whistle, cuckoos chirp, jays call, and wagtails scurry about by the streams, wagging their tails; the melodic tune of the lemon-yellow oriole is heard near the banks of the rivers, the foxes quickly rush after their prey, the healers of the forests - woodpeckers - are methodically tapping on the bark of the trunks. Agile shrikes hunt insects. A nimble golden bee-eater chases after bees, bumblebees, grabbing them in flight with its long thin beak. Owls, eagle owls, starlings, grosbeaks, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits fly here, and high in the mountains - Caucasian black grouse, mountain turkeys. Blue Rollers, Field Sparrows and Barn Swallows live on the steep banks of the rivers.
Birds are of great benefit to the national economy, destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand plant pests per day. Hundreds of trees are rescued by woodpeckers, eating the larvae of beetles hidden under the bark. An owl kills a thousand mice over the summer, and each mouse eats 1 kilogram of grain per year. It turns out that only one owl saves us a ton of bread a year.
Not all birds live here all year round. Many live only in summer, breed chicks, and fly away to warmer regions in autumn. There are about 320 bird species in the Kuban.
Contamination of the soil and air has led to a sharp decline in the number of insectivorous birds: starlings, swallows, sparrows. But the number of crows and pigeons increased. City garbage dumps serve as an excellent forage base for them.
The fauna of the Black Sea is diverse, but it is concentrated mainly in the upper layer. Of the fish, beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, herring, anchovy, sprats, bream, mullet, horse mackerel, mackerel, and flounder are of commercial importance. There are dolphins. Fish live in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov: ram, herring, sturgeon (beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon), tulka, shemaya, horse mackerel.
In rivers and estuaries live: bream, silver bream, asp, carp, catfish and other fish.
Krasnodar Territory is located in the south of our country, so it is much warmer here than, for example, in the Moscow region. In the Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland, in the foothills and mountains, on the Black Sea coast and the Taman Peninsula, at the same time of the year, you can observe different weather. Each season has its own weather. These annually recurring weather features make up the climate of a given area. It depends on the geographical location, proximity to the seas, terrain and prevailing winds. The climate of most of our region is temperate continental, on the Black Sea coast (south of Tuapse) - subtropical - humid.
The territory of the Kuban Plain is open from the north, that is, it is accessible to the action of the Arctic air masses.
The formation of the weather is influenced by cyclones and anticyclones... Cyclones (air masses with low atmospheric pressure) usually bring rainy, erratic weather. Anticyclones (air currents with high atmospheric pressure) contribute to the establishment of stable weather, warm in summer and cold in winter.
With east and north-east winds, the weather is dry and hot in summer. In winter, these winds bring cold weather. An especially sharp drop in temperature is observed when the Arctic air masses break through in the Ciscaucasia. The air temperature drops to minus 20-25 °.
Southwest winds bring coolness and rain in summer and thaws and precipitation in the form of snow and rain in winter.
Local winds also influence the climate. These include breezes and hair dryers.
Hair dryers - Warm, dry winds blowing from the mountains, often in October - December. There are cases when in December with such a wind the air temperature in Krasnodar reached 15-20 ° C. Hair dryers are observed on the Black Sea coast, in the mountainous and foothill parts and (weakened) on the Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland for up to 1-2 days.
Breezes, or coastal winds, blow on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, during the day from sea to land, at night - from land to sea.
In summer, the Black Sea cools the coast with breezes, in winter, on the contrary, it warms, giving off the heat accumulated on hot days. The high Caucasus mountains trap cold air currents coming from the north.
The cold northeastern (northeast) wind blowing from the mountains with a hurricane force is called boron. The strong northeast prevails in winter, when there is a large difference in barometric pressure on land (high) and sea (low).
The highest wind speed was noted in the north-west of the Chernomosky coast in the Novorossiysk region. At the same time, the air temperature drops to 15-18 ° frost.
There are usually about 50 days with boron per year (more often in November and March). The wind speed reaches 45-50 meters per second (with gusts up to 100 m / s). Bora often leads to the icing of ships in the bay, causing great damage to the city economy.
On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed by zones. The latitudinal and vertical zoning is clearly expressed here. The steppe zone occupies the entire Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland. In the recent past, it was a herb-fescue-feather grass steppe. At present, almost all of it is plowed up and turned into boundless collective and peasant-farm fields, where wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflowers, barley, vegetables and melons are cultivated. In total, there are more than 3 thousand plant species in the region.
Along the roads, on the slopes of the gullies and on the tops of the mounds, you can find wild herbaceous plants: creeping wheatgrass, wild buttercup, yellow sweet clover, bitter wormwood, plantain, coltsfoot, swan, field thistle, St. John's wort, immortelle. In the forest belts - oak, walnut, acacia and other tree species.
On the right bank of the Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovskaya, there is the Red Forest massif (5200 hectares). This is the remainder of the forests that previously fringed the coast of the Kuban to its lower reaches. Narrow strips of forest have been preserved in the middle reaches of the river. In the Red Forest grow oak, willow, maple, ash, apple, hawthorn, wild rose; deer, roe deer, wild boars, hares live. Depending on the altitude above sea level and the associated changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the general nature of the vegetation, but also the appearance of plants changes dramatically.
As the relief rises, the steppe passes into the forest-steppe, and the latter into the forest zone. The forest-steppe stretches in a relatively narrow strip on the left bank of the Kuban, covering the Zakuban inclined plain and the low (mostly up to 600 m) part of the foothills. About 50% of the area is shrubs and partly deciduous forests (oak, hornbeam, maple, hazel, dogwood).
The forests of the Kuban occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by extremely valuable species. About 30% of oak forests, over 80% of beech and about 90% of chestnut plantations in Russia are concentrated in the region. Most of the forests are in the foothills, mountainous regions and the Black Sea coast.
The vegetation in the mountains forms three belts: forest, subalpine and alpine.
The forest zone is subdivided into two zones: deciduous and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, mainly oak forests grow with an admixture of hornbeam, ash, elm, as well as fruit trees (pear, apple, dogwood). Oak forests are replaced by beech forests. At an altitude of 1200 meters, the Caucasian fir joins them. Coniferous forests predominate from 1300 to 1800 meters, consisting of Caucasian fir and oriental spruce. Fir needles are softer and slightly wider than spruce needles.
There is a belt of subalpine vegetation at an altitude of 1800-2200 meters above sea level. There are subalpine meadows and crooked forests with shrub beech and mountain maple. Subalpine meadows are rich pastures. In the summertime, cattle and flocks of sheep are kept here.
Above the subalpine meadows, starting at altitudes of 2300-2500 and up to 2800-3000 meters above sea level, there is a belt of alpine meadows in the North-Western Caucasus (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). The nature is harsh here. Only in August the glades are free of snow.
How striking the change! In the subalpine zone, everything is large and magnificent, and in the alpine zone, the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters in height, creeping in shape. Striking is the brightness of the color, the variegation of colors on the rocky glades, surrounded by rocks and snow. Red mytniks, bright blue gentians, golden yellow buttercups and dandelions, pink-red carnations, blue forget-me-nots grow all around.
From 3000 meters and more there are eternal snows and glaciers and inaccessible rocks, almost devoid of any vegetation.
Varied vegetation of the Black Sea coast... From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the slopes of the mountains are covered with hornbeam and oak, hornbeam and greece. On the spurs of the Markotkh ridge from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, crooked and low-growing elm, hornbeam, and among them, dogwood and hawthorn grow. In the Gelendzhik region there are elm, maple, ash, dogwood, walnut, cherry plum, apple, pear; along the coast - pitsunda pine.
The resort village of Dzhanhot is located 12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik. Here, on the high seashore, there is an islet of ancient flora - Pitsunda pine grove. It is surrounded by hornbeam, maple and other trees.
Behind the Mikhailovsky Pass, the oak is spread along the slopes of the mountains and rises to a height of 500-600 meters, then giving way to a beech. Alder, viburnum, elderberry, dogwood, pear grow in floodplains and on river banks.
On the coast from Lazarevskoe to Adler, cypresses, Pitsunda pine, magnolias, and palms grow. They remain green all year round.
Parks, squares are decorated with a noble laurel, bamboo, yucca, various palm trees. There is no month of the year without any plants blooming. Apricots, peaches and other fruits ripen in the gardens.
The forests of the Black Sea coast preserve supplies of drinking and mineral waters, protect soils from water and wind erosion, landslides, rockfalls and landslides, and soften the climate. They provide a constant water level in the rivers, protect them from siltation and shallowing, and thus create conditions for the reproduction of fish resources. From the slopes of mountains, not protected by forests, rains take away 100 cubic meters of land per hectare per year. Ravines form quickly in such places.
The forest has a certain effect on the climate and the rivers that feed the fertile plains of the Kuban with their waters, protects water bodies from drying out, fields from drought, cleans the air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other tiny particles. The vegetation cover of the Earth is called “the lungs of the planet”. One hectare of forest clears 18 million cubic meters of air filled with smoke and carbon dioxide per year.
The forest is a health factor and a wonderful object for hiking, excursions, walks. Forest air is clean, it contains a lot of ozone and phytoncides - substances that suppress the development of pathogenic microbes.
Wood is also a building material. The woodworking industry is developed in the Kuban. There are furniture factories and associations in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Apsheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wardrobes and bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas ...
It is very diverse, what kind of fauna you will not find here ... This abundance can be explained by the mild favorable climate and rich flora.
The settlement of animals in the area mainly depends on natural conditions. Lakes, rivers and seas, forests and steppes are inhabited by a variety of animals. Here you can find both formidable predators and harmless small rodents.
One of the most dangerous animals of the region is the brown bear. Its mass can reach 300kg, and its body is 2m long. In addition to this predatory animal, lynxes, reaching a length of 110 cm, live safely in the forests of the Kuban. These handsome men are found in Abinsky, Mostovsky, Seversky and Goryacheklyuchevsky districts.
Weasel is very common among small predators. The most valuable animals that are famous for their wonderful fur are raccoons. And the rarest animal that is found in the Kuban is the leopard. This truly graceful animal has almost disappeared from these places. But in remote from civilization, wild areas, leopards still live.
And the sika deer is rightfully considered the most useful representative of the fauna.
Nature, plants and animals of the Krasnodar Territory
Why is it useful? Yes, because, from its horns, medical drugs are obtained that save people from many diseases.
Besides these beasts fauna of the Krasnodar Territory rich in wolves, hares, roe deer, wild boars, Caucasian moles.
In the Kuban, in the northeastern part, steppe inhabitants are more common: foxes, jerboas, mouse-like rodents, common voles, ground squirrels. The common mink lives in the river valleys. If we talk about birds, then these are larks, gray partridges, quails, harriers. This steppe zone is well developed by humans, which is why the fauna has significantly decreased. Nevertheless, some animals have adapted to the new conditions. Tourists can find only a few primeval steppes where fauna is in full abundance.
Many waterfowl live in the floodplains and estuaries of the lowlands: pelicans, gulls, ducks, geese. And from North America the muskrat was brought to estuaries.
As for the highlands and foothills, roe deer, chamois, mountain goats, badgers, forest cats, as well as two species of martens live here. Forest (yellow) and stone (white). Jackals and raccoon dogs have taken root well.
If we talk about invertebrates, then at the rock scree, along the roadsides, there are vipers, snakes, snakes, newts.
Among the representatives of reptiles, there is a marsh and Greek turtle, a legless lizard, and a small yellow-bellied jellyfish.
All animal splendor, of course, is complemented by birds. During the day, singing and chirping of birds sounds in the forests and valleys. Magpies, orioles, blackbirds and cuckoos take part in this musical concert. Jays sing along with them, wagtails scurry about by the streams. But this is not all the inhabitants of the forest, we must not forget about owls, starlings, goldfinches, Caucasian black grouse and mountain turkeys.
Finally, we can add that fauna of the Krasnodar Territory worthy of the attention of tourists, as well as respect for oneself.
Presentation. Living world of the Kuban
 |
The living world of Kuban Prepared by pupils of grade 10 "A" Briskman Tatyana and Prokhorov Vladislav |
 |
Vegetation |
 |
Kuban has always been famous for the wealth of nature. And the beauty of the landscape. |
 |
In the Kuban, there are about three thousand species of wild plants belonging to 6 departments and more than 150 families. |
 |
Mossy - more than 250 species. Fern - more than 40. Angiosperms - more than 2800 species. |
 |
Gymnosperms Plaunas Horsetails |
 |
And also many Lichen Algae |
 |
The number of species of mushrooms has not been precisely established, but quite rare specimens are often found among them. Summer truffle Caesar mushroom |
 |
Our Krasnodar region is famous for the presence of tea plantations. Dagomys is the only place in Russia that is favorable for the growth of tea. |
 |
And also near Krasnodar, near the village. Belozerny, amazing flowers - lotuses grow right next to the highway. |
Presentation - Fauna of the Krasnodar Territory
Slides and text of this presentation
Slide 1
Animal world
Krasnodar Territory
Slide 2
According to the Department of Natural Resources and State Environmental Control of the Krasnodar Territory, there are over 580 animal species in the region. Of them:
Slide 3
The floating part of the region (Eastern Azov region) is deservedly considered a bird kingdom. A significant number of waterfowl nest here - geese and ducks (17 species), waders (20 species).
According to the most characteristic features of flora and fauna, the Krasnodar Territory can be divided into flooded, steppe and mountain-forest parts
During the spring and autumn migration, millions of waterfowl nesting in the north of Eurasia stop in the flooded zone.
Slide 4
The most numerous of the animals in the steppe zone are the hare, fox, pheasant, and quail.
Slide 5
The mountain-forest zone is the least developed by man, and here the main habitats of such animals as wild boar, deer, roe deer, chamois, tur, bison.
Among the predators, bear, wolf, jackal, forest cat, fox, badger, marten and others live here.
Slide 6
353 species of animals are included in the Red Book of Krasnodar Territory
Some of them:
Slide 7
If you like this presentation - show it ...
Animals of Krasnodar Territory Prepared by N.A. Nazarenko teacher of MOU secondary school No. 2Stanitsa Staroshcherbinovskaya
In the Black Sea region you can find dark-colored black-tails and brown-tails. They live in trees, overcoming the distance between them of 4 m horizontally and up to 10 m from top to bottom. Flexible body 20-25 cm long, long strong limbs, fluffy long tail, large ears, erect with tassels at the tips. They feed on tree seeds, fruits, berries, nuts, mushrooms and many others. Squirrel (veksha)
Brown hare Class: Mammals Order: Hare-like Family: Hares Distribution: In the Black Sea region, it is more often found in the lower mountains, but they were also seen at an altitude of 2600 m above sea level (Chugush), and in the North Ossetian reserve, their habitat was noted up to an altitude of 3000 m n.m. Description: The color is yellow-fawn with large ripples, does not turn white for the winter, body length is about 60 cm, weight is up to 5 kg. Nocturnal animal. The whole body is adapted for running, the front pair of legs serves as a support for the hind legs. In summer it feeds on various grasses, and in winter on the bark of deciduous trees, seedlings of winter crops.
MartenClass: Mammals Order: CarnivoresFamily: MartensDistribution: Two species of martens are found in the Krasnodar Territory in the foothill and mountain zones. "Zheltodushka" prefers to live in forests, and "White-bodied" lives in more rocky areas, in shrubs. large form. The length of the body is up to 58 cm. The "yellow-bodied" fur is brown-brown with a fawn tint. The color of the spot on the throat is from light to dark red. the "white girl" has a throat spot of pure white color in the shape of a horseshoe. Slightly smaller than a forest one.
Otter (pooreshnya) Class: Mammals Order: Predatory Family: Kunyi Distribution: Inhabits the Krasnodar Territory along the left-bank tributaries of the river. Kuban, in some rivers of the Black Sea region (Psou, Mzymta, Khosta, Sochi, Dagomy, etc.) The mountains rise up to 2000 m above sea level Description: Long flexible body, muscular long tail, short limbs with swimming membranes between the toes, dense fur, undeveloped auricles, nostrils and external auditory canals that close when immersed in water. Adapted to a semi-aquatic lifestyle.
Order: Artiodactyls Family: Pigs Distribution: The Caucasian subspecies lives in the western Black Sea region from the seashore to alpine meadows. In winter, they descend into the coastal forests. Sedentary groups live in the Khosta yew-boxwood grove and on the slopes of Akhun. Description: A large animal with a strongly elongated cone-shaped muzzle ending in a naked mobile circle - a "patch". The body is covered with stiff bristles. The canines of the upper jaw are directed to the side or up. The lower jaw of males is equipped with canines, large by 10-12 cm, protruding above the lips. In females, the canines are much less developed and covered with lips. In the Western Caucasus, the weight of males reaches 250 kg, females - 150 kg
Dormouse-regimentClass: Mammals Order: RodentsDistribution: Inhabits the mixed and deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory. In the Black Sea region, it is distributed from the seashore to an altitude of 200 m above sea level. Description: Outwardly, it is somewhat similar to a squirrel. Body length 16-20 cm. Lives in hollows, rock crevices and nests. Leads a nocturnal lifestyle. The main food is beech fruits, various nuts, seeds, pears, apples, sometimes chicks and small insects.
Animals of the Kuban
Caucasian chamoisClass: MammalsOrder: ArtiodactylsFamily: BovidsDistribution: From heights of 260 m above sea level. sea \u200b\u200bnear the river. Shahe and 180 m above sea level. sea \u200b\u200bnear the river. Mzymta (Akhtsu natural boundary), up to the high mountains - 3200 m above sea level. sea \u200b\u200bfor g. Chugush, Agepsta. Description: Groups of 6-15 individuals are most characteristic. The average weight of adult males is 34 kg (the highest is 42 kg), females are 28 kg. 210 species of herbaceous, arboreal and shrubby vegetation, mosses, lichens, and mushrooms are used as food (Duben, 1976, 1977, 1985). Chamois hunting is prohibited, but every year several dozen of these animals are destroyed by poachers. Natural enemies of the chamois are lynx, wolf, large feathered predators (golden eagle, bearded lamb
Caucasian bison (bison) Class: Mammals Order: Artiodactyls Family: Bovids Distribution: In the forest, subalpine and alpine belts of the Caucasian Reserve at an altitude of 900-2100 m above sea level Description: The Caucasian mountain bison is a form of a wild animal, genetically 95% is a bison and only PA 5 % - bison. The largest mammal animal in Russia. The weight of the bison is up to 1200 kg, the height from the front hooves to the withers is 2 m, from the head to the tail is 3.5 m. By 1982-85. there were more than 1200 individuals, now a little more than 300 heads. Purebred mountain bison live in the Caucasian Reserve.
Dolphin Bottlenose dolphin Class: Mammals Order: Cetaceans Family: Dolphins Distribution: Black Sea Description: They lead an aquatic lifestyle, feed mainly on fish, usually keep in small groups from several heads to 50-60 individuals, cubs are born under water, live up to 20-30 years. The bottlenose dolphin as a rare subspecies, endemic to the Black Sea, is listed in the international Red Book. The number of bottlenose dolphins in the Black Sea is about 36 thousand (Mikhalev, Savusin, Zelenaya, 1978) and there is a tendency to their decrease
Lynx Class: Mammals Order: Carnivores Family: Felines Distribution: distributed in all foothill and mountainous regions from the belt of deciduous forests to the alpine highlands. Description: Lynx is the largest species of the genus of cats. The Black Sea region of Russia is inhabited by the Caucasian subspecies of the beast. The length of the body of the Caucasian lynx is 66 - 104 cm, the tail - 21 cm, carried - 12.2-24.15 kg. Leads a secretive lifestyle, a typical carnivore. Ungulates - chamois, tur, wild boar (usually piglets and gilts), roe deer, deer (usually young animals), rodents, birds, hares
The prairie dog is the closest relative of the gopher and is very similar to it.
My young friends! You and I have borrowed from future generations all the riches of nature. We must protect and preserve all natural values, because the future inhabitants of the Earth should also use all of this.
Georgievskaya Tatiana
Download:
Preview:
Extramural sightseeing tour
Work completed
student of grade 4 "a"
Georgievskaya Tatiana
On the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed by zones. The latitudinal and vertical zoning is clearly expressed here. The steppe zone occupies the entire Azov-Kuban plain. In the recent past, it was a herb-fescue-feather grass steppe. Currently, almost all of it is plowed up and turned into boundless collective and peasant-farm fields, where they cultivatewheat, corn, sugar beet, sunflower , barley, vegetable and melon crops. There are more than 3 thousand plant species in the region.
Along the roads, on the slopes of the ravines and on the tops of the mounds, one can find wild-growing herbaceous plants: creeping wheatgrass,buttercup wild, yellow sweet clover,wormwood, plantain, coltsfoot, quinoa , sow thistle, St. John's wort, immortelle. In forest belts - oak, walnut, acacia and other tree species.
In the northeastern part of the region, in the Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland, steppe animals are widespread. The field lives heremice, gophers, moles, mole rats , hamsters. All of them are harmful to agriculture. They live in burrows, feed on grain and leaves. Of the predators there arefoxes, weasels, ferrets. From birds - larks, quails , gray partridges,crows, magpies ... There are also predatory -kites, owls, owls, steppe harrier.
In the Kuban delta, in floodplains and estuaries,sedge, cattail, reed, yellow water lilies , water lilies, water walnut. There are wild boars, foxes, water birds:pelicans, seagulls, ducks, lapwings, waders, geese, herons , sometimes they arriveswans ... Muskrat lives in estuaries. In the floodplains of the Kalininsky region, there is the region's largest high-water colony of storks.
On the right bank of the Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovskaya, there is an arrayRed Forest (5200 ha). This is the remainder of the forests that previously fringed the coast of the Kuban to its lower reaches. Narrow strips of forest have been preserved in the middle reaches of the river. Oak, willow, maple, ash, apple, hawthorn, wild rose grow in the Red Forest; deer, roe deer, wild boars, hares live.
Depending on the altitude above sea level and the associated changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the general nature of the vegetation, but also the appearance of plants changes dramatically.
As the relief rises, the steppe passes into the forest-steppe, and the latter into the forest zone. The forest-steppe stretches in a relatively narrow strip on the left bank of the Kuban, covering the Zakuban inclined plain and the low (mostly up to 600 m) part of the foothills. About 50% of the area is shrubs and partly deciduous forests (oak, hornbeam, maple, hazel, dogwood).
The forests of the Kuban occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by extremely valuable species. About 30% of oak forests, over 80% of beech and about 90% of chestnut plantations in Russia are concentrated in the region. Most of the forests are in the foothills, mountainous regions and the Black Sea coast.
The vegetation in the mountains forms three belts: forest, subalpine and alpine.
The forest zone is subdivided into two zones: deciduous and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, mainly oak forests grow with an admixture of hornbeam, ash, elm, as well as fruit trees (pear, apple, dogwood). Oak forests are replaced by beech forests. At an altitude of 1200 meters, the Caucasian fir joins them. Coniferous forests predominate from 1300 to 1800 meters, consisting of Caucasian fir and oriental spruce. Fir needles are softer and slightly wider than spruce needles.
In the mountains and foothills there is an abundance of forest fruits and lush meadow grasses. This creates favorable conditions for the habitation of animals and birds. In oak and beech forests, wild pigs graze in small herds. Unlike domestic pigs, feral pigs are somewhat shorter and taller on legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kg in weight. They are covered with dense, coarse bristles of dark brown, and sometimes almost black color. The male has fangs.
In broad-leaved forests, small, as tall as a domestic goat, roe deer, in appearance resembling a deer, walk. Only males have horns. They hunt bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, marten. On the banks of the rivers there are mink and otter. They dive and swim well, feed on fish, frogs.
Of the reptiles there are: snakes - common and water, vipers - steppe and Koznakov's viper (found high in the mountains), legless lizard spindle and yellow toad.
In the morning the forest and the valleys of the foothills are filled with the singing and chirping of various birds. Magpies chirp, whistleblackbirds, cuckoos, call jays scurrying by the streamswagtails shaking his tail; the melodic hum of a lemon-yellow oriole is heard near the river banks, they quickly rush after their preyfawn , the healers of the forests are methodically tapping on the bark of the trunks -woodpeckers. Agile Shrike hunt insects. A nimble golden bee-eater chases after bees, bumblebees, grabbing them on the fly with its long thin beak. Owls, eagle owls, starlings, grubbos, goldfinches, kingfishers, tits fly here, and high in the mountains - Caucasianblack grouse, mountain turkeys - ulars.
On the steep banks of the rivers settleblue rollers, field sparrows and shore swallows.
Birds are of great benefit to the national economy, destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand plant pests per day. Woodpeckers save hundreds of trees by eating beetle larvae hidden under the bark. An owl kills a thousand mice over the summer, and each mouse eats 1 kg of grain per year. It turns out that only one owl saves us a ton of bread a year.
Not all birds live here all year round. Many live only in the summer, raise their chicks, and fly away to warmer regions in the fall. There are about 320 bird species in the Kuban.
Pollution of the soil and air has led to a sharp decline in the number of insectivorous birds: starlings, swallows, sparrows. But the number of crows and pigeons increased. City garbage dumps serve as an excellent forage base for them.
At an altitude of 1800 - 2200 meters above sea level lies a belt of subalpine vegetation. Extendsubalpine meadows and crooked woodlands with shrub beech and mountain maple. Subalpine meadows are rich pastures. In the summertime, cattle and flocks of sheep are kept here.
Above the subalpine meadows, starting at altitudes of 2300 - 2500 and up to 2800 - 3000 meters above sea level, there is a belt of alpine meadows in the North-Western Caucasus (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). The nature is harsh here. Only in August the glades are free of snow.
How striking the change! In the subalpine zone, everything is large and magnificent, and in the alpine zone, the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters in height, creeping in shape. Striking is the brightness of the color, the variegation of colors on the rocky glades, surrounded by rocks and snow. Red grows all aroundmytniki, bright blue gentian , golden yellow buttercups anddandelions, pink red carnations, blue forget-me-nots.
From 3000 meters and more there are eternal snows and glaciers and inaccessible rocks, almost devoid of any vegetation.
The vegetation of the Black Sea coast is diverse. From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the slopes of the mountains are covered with hornbeam and oak, hornbeam and greece. On the spurs of the Markotkh ridge from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, curved and undersizedelm, hornbeam and among them dogwood and hawthorn ... In the Gelendzhik region there are elm, maple, ash, dogwood, walnut, cherry plum, apple, pear; along the coast - pitsunda pine.
The resort village of Dzhanhot is located 12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik. Here, on the high seashore, there is an islet of ancient flora - the Pitsunda pine grove. It is surrounded by hornbeam, maple and other trees.
Behind the Mikhailovsky Pass, the oak is spread along the slopes of the mountains and rises to a height of 500 - 600 meters, then giving way to a beech. Alder, viburnum, elderberry, dogwood, pear grow in floodplains and on river banks.
On the coast from Lazarevskoye to Adler growcypresses, pitsunda pine, magnolias, palms ... They remain green all year round.
Parks, squares are decorated with a noble laurel, bamboo, yucca, various palm trees. There is no month of the year without any plants blooming. Apricots, peaches and other fruits ripen in the gardens.
The fauna of the Black Sea is diverse, but it is concentrated mainly in the upper layer. Of the fish, the following are of commercial importance:beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, herring , hamsa, sprats, bream, mullet, horse mackerel, mackerel, flounder. There are dolphins.
Fish live in the Sea of \u200b\u200bAzov:battering ram , herring, sturgeon (beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon),tulka, horse mackerel.
In rivers and estuaries live:bream, silver bream, asp, carp, catfish and other fish. The champion here is the carp, it is found everywhere. He has a good appetite, so he grows quickly. In general, carp grows all its life and sometimes reaches 1.5 meters in length, and its weight reaches 35 kg.
The most valuable fish are vimbets and shemaya. A mustached catfish lives in a den under a snag, its main food is frogs. The catfish has strong jaws and teeth, like a shark's, bent back. You cannot escape from such a mouth.
Another fish is found high in the mountain rivers - trout. She only needs clean water. And if you see this fish in a mountain river, you can safely drink water there, it is clean. Trout is a predator. It feeds on worms and small fish, sometimes catches insects. Overcoming rapids, trout can jump out of the water 1-1.5 meters.
The forests of the Black Sea coast preserve supplies of drinking and mineral waters, protect soils from water and wind erosion, landslides, rockfalls and landslides, and soften the climate. They provide a constant water level in the rivers, protect them from siltation and shallowing, and thus create conditions for the reproduction of fish resources. From the slopes of the mountains, not protected by forests, the rains take away 100 cubic meters of land per hectare per year. Ravines form quickly in such places.
The forest has a definite effect on the climate and the rivers that feed the fertile plains of the Kuban with their waters, protects water bodies from drying out, fields from drought, cleans the air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other tiny particles. The vegetation cover of the Earth is called “the lungs of the planet”. One hectare of forest cleans 18 million cubic meters of air, smoky and saturated with carbon dioxide, per year.
The forest is a health factor and an excellent object for hiking, excursions, walks. Forest air is clean, it contains a lot of ozone and phytoncides, substances that suppress the development of pathogenic microbes.
Forest is also a building material. The woodworking industry is developed in the Kuban. There are furniture factories and associations in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Apsheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wardrobes and bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas ...
Unreasonable predatory extermination of any species of animals, birds, causes great harm to nature. Interspecies connections are destroyed, the natural balance is disturbed. Destroying the surrounding nature, people destroy themselves.
Our rivers, lakes and ponds are often polluted by sewage, especially waste water from factories and plants. Such water is harmful. The fish dies in it. Therefore, it is necessary to protect animals, birds and fish from their unreasonable extermination.
There are nature reserves and reserves in our region. These are areas of the area where nature is preserved intact. You cannot cut trees, hunt birds and animals in the reserve.
Schoolchildren should remember the words of the writer M.M. Prishvin, who wrote: “We are the masters of our nature, and it is for us the storehouse of the sun with the great treasures of life. Not only must these treasures be protected, they must be discovered and shown.
Fish need clean water - we will protect our reservoirs. In the forests, steppes, mountains, various valuable animals - we will protect our forests, steppes, mountains. Fish - water, bird - air, beast - forest, steppe, mountains. And a man needs a Motherland. And to protect nature means to protect the Motherland! "
Literature:
- Grin L. Nature of the native land.-Krasnodar, 2005.
- I.P. Lotyshev, Traveling around the native land, Krasnodar, 1999.
- Paskevich N. Ya. Favorite corner of the earth. - Kranodar, 2005.
- Red Book of the Kuban.
- Internet resources.
The flora of the Krasnodar Territory
According to scientists, more than 3000 plant species are found in the Krasnodar Territory. This is due to the geographical location, variety of landforms and climatic conditions. The main types of vegetation in the region are flat and mountainous. Since the flat part of the region is located mainly in the steppes, it is characterized by a herbaceous type of plants.
Plain vegetation
Steppe vegetation occupies a vast part of the territory in the northern part of the region. It stretches from the borders of the Rostov region to the banks of the Kuban River. Now in places where steppe feather grass, wheatgrass, vetch, timothy grass used to grow, bread grows on plowed lands. Herbs with medicinal properties are specially grown in the fields as raw materials for the medicinal industry. On the banks of the rivers in the past, there were hazel, wild almonds, and thorns formed impenetrable thickets. Permanent deforestation and forest fires have destroyed a large amount of woody vegetation. Now on the watersheds of the plains one can find oak, elder, thorn, wild rose, blackberry, etc. Along the river valleys - willow, willow, black and white poplar, alder. Steppe vegetation with the presence of sage and wormwood is also found within the Taman Peninsula. On the sandy shores, licorice, bluehead, alfalfa, timothy grow, and sometimes even camel thorns can be found. In some places there are rare thickets of trees and bushes. The vast plains are dominated by cultivated vegetation. The Azov region is a floodplain and meadow-bog complexes. Due to sufficient moisture, the estuaries of the Azov Sea are rich in aquatic vegetation. For example, these are lily, nymphaean, water walnut, duckweed, salvinia and varieties of algae. The banks of estuaries are overgrown with reeds, cattails and kuga, which is also called marsh wormwood. Not far from the town of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, near the Sadki hunting farm, there is one of the unique places where lotuses grow. It is a medicinal plant, and in Egypt and India its fruits are eaten. Much of the marshes and small estuaries are now drained and used for growing rice. Plots of forest plants in the Azov region are found not far from the village of Maryanskaya, in the Krasny Les reserve hunting reserve. Maple, apple, pear, poplar, willow, viburnum, etc. grow here. Sometimes you can find oaks in 5 girths. Along the channel of the Kuban River and its left tributaries, there are floodplain meadows with trees and bushes. Remains of forests in the Kuban floodplain are also preserved in forest-park zones. Among them are Pavlovsk and Kirghiz floodplains, the Krasny Kut forest park, located in the residential districts of Krasnodar.
The vegetation of the Trans-Kuban Plain before human intervention was broad-leaved forests of oak, beech and shrubs. At present, the valley is a cut-out gentle slope. The main part of the Trans-Kuban Plain is agricultural landscapes. Alder, willow, hawthorn, viburnum, buckthorn, blackthorn, elderberry, wild rose grow along the valleys of the Kuban, Laba, Belaya rivers and their tributaries, and in some places there are thickets of sea buckthorn. On the stretch from the Krasnodar reservoir to the city of Krymsk, south of the Kuban River, there is a strip of the Trans-Kuban Plains, which is almost entirely occupied by rice paddies and fields for growing other crops.
Mountain vegetation
The steppe and forest-steppe zones of the plain part of the region are replaced in the south by broad-leaved and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, the main type of vegetation is oak. This is the most common tree in the mountains. The oak forms whole continuous forests, covering the foothills and spurs. Many animals eat oak fruits; bark is a valuable medicinal raw material. In addition to oak, there are a lot of ash, elm, hornbeam in the forests. Of the fruit trees, the most common are apple, dogwood, wild cherry, walnut, viburnum, chestnut, and from berries - gooseberries, raspberries, currants. Various herbaceous plants are found in the deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory; tall ferns, horsetails, moss. An adult can freely hide in the thickets of burdocks. Other plants are dangerous to humans; when touched with the skin, they leave painful burns (Caucasian ash, cow parsnip).
There are coniferous forests up to an altitude of 2000 meters at sea level. These are mainly Caucasian fir and oriental spruce, as well as Nordmann fir - an evergreen tree with a straight trunk, the height of which reaches 60 meters. She provides construction and ornamental timber and is used to make paper. Fir needles are used to prepare oils that are widely used in perfumery and medicine. Koch pine is found in open sunny areas. In the basin of the Bolshaya and Malaya Laba rivers, forests of eastern spruce have survived, which lives up to 500-600 years, the trunk diameter reaches 20 meters, and the height is 30 meters. These forests are essential. Spruce wood is used to make musical instruments.
Gradually, with increasing height, the vegetation becomes less and less, only mosses and lichens. At 3000 m, there are gray cliffs covered with snow, as well as almost devoid of any plants. Within the Krasnodar Territory, the territory of the Black Sea coast occupies a section from Anapa to the border with Georgia. These places are divided into northern (from Anapa to Tuapse) and southern (from Tuapse to Adler) parts. The vegetation in the Anapa region on the plains is close to steppe, that is, predominantly herbaceous. Sometimes in sandy areas flora is practically absent. Only occasionally are there tamarisk bushes, from herbs - fescue, sage, astragalus, sainfoin. In the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk and Gelendzhik, the vegetation alternates with bare areas, which used to be quite good forests. Currently, the entire territory is plowed up or occupied by settlements. On the southern clone of the Markokht ridge on the territory of the Novorossiysk agricultural enterprise there is the Sheskharis natural complex. Downy oak, hornbeam and century-old junipers up to 5 meters high grow here.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
1 slide
Slide Description:
2 slide
Slide Description:
3 slide
Slide Description:
Deer DEER (dense-horned), a family of cloven-hoofed animals of the ruminant suborder. Males have horns (most of them branched), shed annually, growing again in the spring. OK. 30 types. The most famous are red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer, musk deer, elk, and reindeer. Fishing object (meat, leather, horns). The number of species is declining. 11 species and 20 subspecies in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
4 slide
Slide Description:
Boar KABAN (wild pig, wild boar), a non-ruminant artiodactyl mammal of the pig family; forms more than 25 subspecies. Length 130-175 cm, weight 60-150 kg. The boar is unusually variable in size and proportion. The head is large, wedge-shaped and extended forward. The ears are long and wide, the eyes are small, the snout has a snout. The body is covered with elastic bristles, longer and denser in winter, with underfur. On the back, the bristles form a ridge that bulges when the animal is excited. Coloring from light brown to almost black. Piglets are striped.
5 slide
Slide Description:
Wolf wolf. Body length 100-140, tail 30-50 cm, height up to 90 cm, weight from 30 to 75 kg. The teeth are sharp, predatory with large canines. Ears are erect, pointed. Wolves have a very keen sense of smell, catching the smell at a distance of 1.5 km. The fur is gray, thicker in winter than in summer. The wolf is active at night, eats any animals that live in its range. These are ungulates, small vertebrates, reptiles, clutches of eggs, insects and berries. A hungry wolf, able to eat up to 10 kg of meat, but usually 2-6 kg. In times of famine he does not disdain carrion. They live in flocks of 6-10 individuals. The leader of the pack is almost always a male. Wolves never lie in wait for prey, they drive it, dividing into small groups. Wolves make their lair in crevices of rocks, on the slopes of ravines, under twisted roots of trees. Sometimes they adapt the burrows of other animals, less often they dig them on their own. Pregnancy lasts 63 days. In March-April, the she-wolf brings 4-8 cubs, which become completely independent by 6 months. The whole flock takes part in raising and feeding the cubs.
6 slide
Slide Description:
Jackal JACKAL is a predatory mammal of the wolf family. The length of its body is up to 85 cm, the tail is about 20 cm; weight 7-13 kg. The color of the coat in winter is pale yellow, dirty yellow, with a noticeable red and black tinge, the tail is reddish-brown with a black end. It is found in the south of Eurasia, in North Africa; in Russia, mainly in the North Caucasus. The Asian jackal prefers to settle in thickets of bushes and reeds, on the plains, near rivers, lakes and seas. Less commonly, it is found in the foothills. The jackal uses natural niches and depressions, crevices among stones, and sometimes abandoned burrows as shelters. The beast is active mainly in the dark, but often during the day. He makes migrations only in search of food. The jackal is omnivorous, but feeds mainly on small animals: rodents, birds, fish, as well as insects, carrion and the remains of the prey of large predators. Also eats fruits and berries, including grapes, watermelons, melons, plant bulbs. Living near the villages, he also hunts poultry. When going out to hunt, the jackal emits a loud howl, which is picked up by all its relatives nearby. They hunt more often singly or in pairs. The jackal makes pairs for life, the male takes an active part in creating a burrow and raising offspring. The rut takes place from January to February. Pregnancy lasts about 2 months. Usually 4-6, less often 8 puppies are born. The Asian jackal is a carrier of dangerous diseases (rabies and plague). It has no commercial value.
7 slide
Slide Description:
White hare HARE, a family of mammals of the order Lagomorphs. OK. 50 species, including white hare, hare, wild rabbit, tolai, Manchu hare. Some species are adapted to running fast, digging, swimming, climbing. Distributed everywhere, with the exception of the island of Madagascar, southern regions of South America and Antarctica. Lead an active, solitary lifestyle; they have no permanent shelters. They breed up to 4 times a year. There are 2-8 (up to 15) pups in the litter. Cubs are born on bare ground, sighted, covered with wool. Already at the age of several days they can move independently. Rabbits live in colonies in burrows. Cubs are born naked, blind, helpless. Object of fishing and sport hunting (wild rabbit, hare, etc.). Some species of hares cause great harm to pastures, orchards, and forest plantations. Certain species spread carriers of natural focal infections. 4 species in the Red Book of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
8 slide
Slide Description:
9 slide
Slide Description:
The Wagglebun (pliski) (Motacilla), a genus of birds of the order passerine. Length 16.5-18 cm; the tail is long, constantly swaying from top to bottom (hence the name). Painted in black, white, gray, yellow and greenish colors. 11 species are found in Eurasia and Africa. In the Western Hemisphere, the only species is the yellow wagtail (M. flava). Destroy harmful insects.
10 slide
Slide Description:
Bustard bustard, a squad of cranes. They look like chicken. Weight 20-23 kg, the smallest 1-2 kg. The physique of the bustard is dense, the neck is of medium length and rather thick, the head is large. As terrestrial birds, bustards have strong, thick, medium-length notes with wide and short toes adapted for walking and running. Great bustards are inhabitants of open spaces - steppes, savannas, prairies, deserts and semi-deserts. The food is varied, mainly vegetable. Most species do not drink water. The nest is located on the ground in the form of a depression lined with vegetation. Clutch contains 2–5 variegated eggs. ... Chicks hatch after 20-30 days covered with down and soon leave the nest.
11 slide
Slide Description:
Rhinoceros beetle Rhinoceros beetle, insect of the lamellar family. Length 2.5-4.5 cm. The male has a backward-curved horn on his head. Distributed in Europe in mixed forests and steppes.
12 slide
Slide Description:
Bumblebee Bumblebee, a genus of social insects of the superfamily of bees. Length up to 35 mm. OK. 300 species, widespread. The most important pollinators of plants, including forage crops. The number of many species is declining and protected.
13 slide
Slide Description:
Lizard LIZARDS is a suborder of reptiles of the squamous order. 20 families, including geckos, agamas, iguanas, monitor lizards, gila moths, chameleons and others, more than 3900 species. They live on all continents except Antarctica, mainly in the tropics and subtropics; in the steppes, deserts and forests. The body is from 3.5 cm long, covered with horny scales. The body is flattened, laterally compressed (or cylindrical), of various colors. Most of the limbs are well developed. Many species of lizards are capable of shedding their tail (autotomy). Most lead a terrestrial life, some live in the soil, on trees, on rocks. Small lizards feed on invertebrates, mainly insects. Mostly oviparous, there are ovoviviparous and viviparous. Lizard meat is edible, the skin is used for various crafts. Many species and subspecies of lizards
14 slide
Slide Description:
Timofeyevka TIMOFEEVKA, genus of annual and perennial grasses of the cereal family. OK. 20 types. Grown in a mixture with leguminous herbs meadow timothy - a fodder plant.
15 slide
Slide Description:
Yarrow THOUSAND, a genus of perennial grasses of the Asteraceae family. Over 100 species, mainly in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Infusion and extract of yarrow - hemostatic agents. Some species are cultivated as ornamental.
16 slide
Slide Description:
Nivyanik NIVYANIK, genus of perennial grasses of the Asteraceae family. OK. 20 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia, mainly in mountainous regions. Common daisy (L. vulgare), or popovnik, and some other daisies are ornamental plants.
17 slide
Slide Description:
Clover CLOVER, genus of perennial and annual grasses of the legume family. OK. 200 species, mainly in Eurasia and North. America. Grown in a mixture with cereals and in pure form, mostly red clover. Forage plant (up to 400 centners per hectare of green mass, 60-80 centners per hectare of hay). Honey plant.
18 slide
Slide Description:
19 slide
Slide Description:
Frogs Frogs are found all over the world, except for the arctic regions, southern South America, South Australia and New Zealand. In Russia, grass, pond, lake, sharp-faced frogs are often found. They feed mainly on insects; large individuals can also eat small vertebrates, including amphibians. Frogs breed mainly in water bodies, the female lays from 500 to 11 thousand eggs. During the breeding season, many frogs are characterized by various sound alarms (concerts).
20 slide
Slide Description:
Cattail ROGOZ, genus of perennial aquatic grasses of the cattail family. OK. 15 species, sometimes form extensive thickets along the banks of reservoirs and swamps in the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Siberia and Wed. Asia. Stems and leaves are used as building material, for weaving baskets, etc.; rhizomes rich in starch - food desman, muskrat, nutria. The cattails family consists of a single genus of cattails.
21 slide
Slide Description:
Kamysh reed, a genus of perennial grasses of the sedge family. St. 250 species, around the globe; in humid places and in the water of rivers, lakes, swamps. Lake reed, or kuga, is a peat-forming agent. Some species are decorative. Reed is often incorrectly called reed.
22 slide
Slide Description:
Reed reed, genus of large perennial grasses of the cereal family. 5 species, mainly in the tropics, 1 species (common reed) - almost cosmopolitan; grows along the banks of reservoirs, swamps. It is used as a building material, for weaving mats, for making rough grades of paper, for anchoring sands.
23 slide
Slide Description:
Arrowhead ARROWLIST (sagittaria), a genus of perennial aquatic or marsh grasses of the family of chalice. OK. 20 species, in Eurasia, America; in Russia there are 4 types. Some arrowheads contain starch in tuberous formations. Arrowhead is a valuable food for ducks, muskrats, beavers.
To use the preview of presentations, create yourself a Google account (account) and log into it: https://accounts.google.com
Slide captions:
Fauna and flora of the Kuban
Reservoirs of the Krasnodar Territory. Black and Azov seas
Kuban river
Chelbas Big Laba
Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve. The reserve was established in 1924. It is located on the northern and southern slopes of the Main Caucasian ridge. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 280 thousand hectares. Main goals: nature protection, restoration of valuable species of animals and birds: bison, tur, Caucasian deer, etc.
Rivers flow through the reserve: Mzymta, Khosta, Shahe, Sochi, Belaya, Malaya Laba, etc. There are more than 120 lakes here. They are small in area and often completely free of ice only by mid-summer. The largest lake in the reserve is the Lake of Silence. Lakes Khuko, Kardyvach, Blue and Acetuk lakes are especially beautiful.
The nature of the Caucasian State Biosphere Reserve is uniquely beautiful and diverse.
More than 3000 plant species grow in the Krasnodar Territory. This richness of the flora is explained by the variety of natural conditions in the region. Unreasonable economic activity of people has led to the fact that some plants are becoming rare and disappearing. They are listed in the Red Book of the Kuban.
Mineral resources of the Krasnodar Territory.
Krasnodar Territory is the oldest oil-producing region in Russia. Oil production started in 1864.
On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The program "Kuban, Quality". Grade 4 “History of measures and quality service in the Kuban. The program “Quality. Kuban ". The highest quality products of the Korenovsk Dairy Canning Factory.
Developing a quality lesson for grade 4 ...
History of the Kuban. The Great Patriotic War in the Kuban.
"History of the Great Patriotic War in the Kuban." Purpose: to test the knowledge of students about the Great Patriotic War in the Kuban. Tasks: - to activate knowledge about the Great Patriotic War in ...
Development of a class hour dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Kuban "The glory of the Kuban does not fade - traditions to live"
The class hour "The glory of the Kuban does not fade - the traditions to live" is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the liberation of the Kuban from the Nazi invaders, a lesson in memory to our fellow countrymen who fell on the battlefield, who remained in ...
