Imperative in French. Deposition of French verbs. What is the imperative mood l'impératif
Any foreign language has different verb forms, and so does French. The most difficult and extensive parts of speech for learning in foreign languages \u200b\u200bare verbs. They have many forms, declensions, conjugations. When learning verbs, your concentration and readiness for in-depth study are important, but the imperative mood used in French is extremely simple.
What is the imperative mood l'impératif?
Considering moods, I would like to remind you what this term means. Inclination is the grammatical form of the verb that indicates the modality of the verb. That is, it is a certain characteristic that gives an idea of \u200b\u200bthe reality of the story or indicates the attitude of the speaker to the listening person. This inclination provides for the induction of someone to any particular action or request, as well as to a wish or order. The imperative mood comes in three forms:
- Firstly, this is the 2nd l. units numbers,
- Secondly, this is the 2nd l. pl. numbers,
- Thirdly, 1st l. pl. numbers.
Remember the most important rule: In the imperative mood, the subject expressed by the pronoun is never used!
It should be noted that the forms of the imperative mood of the French verbs completely coincide with their present tense forms, which are presented in the indicative mood. But there is one peculiarity that must be taken into account when using verbs in the imperative mood. This is a verb group.
You probably know that all French verbs are divided into the first, second and third groups. So, depending on which verb group the verb belongs to, the rules for the formation of the imperative mood can change.
Formation of the imperative mood - Formation de l'impératif
Consider the verb 1 group - chercher (search): Cherche! (look!), Cherchons! (let's search!) Cherchez! (look!).
Group 2 verb - obéir (to obey), example: Obéis! (obey!), Obéissons! (let's obey!) Obéissez! (obey!).
Group 3 verb - boire (to drink), example: Bois! (drink!), Buvons! (let's drink, let's drink!) Buvez! (drink!).
Let's remember the exception for the example of verbs of the 3rd group offrir (offer) - Offre! (offer!), aller (to go) - Va! (Go!) And other group 3 verbs ending in -frir, -vrir. The final "s" for such verbs in the imperative mood disappears!
There are also other exceptions to these rules that you need to learn:
Group 3 verb avoir (to have): aie! ayons! ayez!
Group 3 verb être (to be): sois! soyons! soyez!
Group 3 verb savoir (to know): sache! sachons! sachez!
Formation of the imperative mood of reflexive verbs
Let's remind ourselves what reflexive verbs are. These are verbs, the action of which is directed relative to oneself, in Russian they end with - sya, and in French they begin with se-. For example: Wake up, Wake up - SE lever.
When forming the imperative mood of such verbs in French, you need to be especially careful:
If we are talking about the affirmative form, then SE is a reflexive particle of the French language, which is placed after the verb and in the person in which the verb is used.
For example: Promenons-nous! Or Asseyez-vous!
And for 2 liters. units h. the stressed pronoun Calme-toi is used! In the first case, the stressed form should also be used, but the pronouns "nous" and "vous" remain in the same form, since their stressed and unstressed forms are the same.
Remember to write a hyphen between the verb and the reflexive particle!
When it comes to negation, then the reflexive particle is placed before the verb, after the negative particle "ne". It is used in its unstressed form.
For example: Ne te plains pas! Or: Ne nous doutons pas! Or: Ne vous hâtez pas!
Simple and complex imperative
We have already met with simple forms of the imperative mood earlier, so let's talk in more detail about the complex form. Yes, the French imperative can be both simple and complex, a vivid analogy to that is the verb tense system.
The complex form of the imperative mood is not used as often as the simple one. It is formed by adding to the simple imperative form of the 3rd group "avoir" or "etre" a simple participle taken in the past tense form (partisip passé - participe passé) of the conjugated verb. Which auxiliary verb is used depends on the rules for forming the tense passé composé (passé composé).
If you remember, there are a number of verbs that are conjugated with different auxiliaries.
For example: Aie parlé! (you), Ayez cherché! (you), Sois venu (e)! (you), Soyez parti (e, s, es)! (you).
Serves a complex form of the imperative mood of the French language to indicate an action that is completed before a certain point in the future.
For example: Ayez rédigé (eye reige) votre rapport (votr rapor) avant neuf heures (avan neuver) et vous serez recompensé (e woo sere rokompanse). Finish your talk before 9 o'clock and you will be rewarded.
And also such complexity of the mood was invented to give the action a certain "completeness"
For example: Ayez fini ce rapport à cinq heures (Aye fini se rapport a sanker). Finish your talk before 5 pm.
The difficulty in learning moods is that their forms can ask for information about the verb tenses that you studied earlier. If you have studied everything carefully and your memory is fresh, then there will never be any difficulties! Successful study!
The imperative mood in French (Impératif), like in Russian, is used to express an order, request, advice, or wish.
The imperative verb in French has only three forms: 2 singular, 1 and 2 plural.
The imperative mood in French is used both in the present (Impératif présent) and in the past (Impératif passé). Below are the options for the formation of Impératif présent verbs with different endings.
Verbs with the endings -ir and -re in the infinitive
When forming the imperative mood, verbs with the endings -ir and -re in the infinitive (i.e. all verbs of group 2 and part of irregular verbs of group 3) have the same form as when conjugating in the present tense in the indicative mood (Présent de l ' indicatif).
For instance:
Présent de l'indicatif
tu applaudis - you applaud;
nous applaudissons - we applaud;
vous applaudissez - you applaud.
Impératif présent
Forme affirmative Forme négative
Applaudis! - Applaud! N'applaudis pas! - Don't applaud!
Applaudissons! - Let's applaud! N'applaudissons pas! - Let's not applaud!
Applaudissez! - Applaud! N'applaudissez pas! - Don't applaud!
Verbs with the endings -er, -frir, -vrir in the infinitive
All verbs with the ending -er in the infinitive (i.e. verbs of the 1st group, as well as the irregular verb aller - to go) and irregular verbs ending in -frir, -vrir, when forming the imperative mood in the 2nd person singular, do not have an ending - s. In the 1st and 2nd persons of the plural, the imperative mood is the same as in the conjugation in the present tense.
For instance:
Présent de l'indicatif Impératif présent
tu danses - you are dancing; Danse! - Dance!
nous dansons - we dance; Dansons! - Let's Dance!
vous dansez - you dance. Dansez! - Dance!
The inclinations in French are: indicatif, impératif, conditionnel, and subjonctif.
Each mood in French has several tenses. The tense in which the verb is located determines the moment of speech to which the action belongs (present, past or future). In addition, the time of action can be expressed in different forms of the verb relative to the time of another action. The following relationships are possible: simultaneity, precedence or adherence to action.
The speaker is aware of the action as definite, real, which occurs in the present (given moment), past or future tense.
This mood is subdivided into 9 tenses of verbs, 5 of which are simple: le Present, l'Imparfait, le Passé simple, le Futur simple, le Futur dans le passé, and 4 are complex: le Passé composé, le Plus-que-parfait, le Passé immédiat (Le Passé récent), le Futur immédiat (Le Futur proche).
This mood prompts for a certain action, request, wish or order and exists in three forms: 2 l. units and many others numbers, 1st l. pl. numbers. In the imperative mood, the subject pronoun is not used.
Regarde! - Look! Regardez! - Look!
Regardons! - We'll see! (Let's see!)
Fais! - Do it! Choisis! - Choose!
Faites! - Do it! Choisissez! - Choose!
Faisons! - Let's do! Choisissons! - Let's choose!
Reflexive verbs:
Lève-toi! - Get up! Levez-vous! - Stand up! Levons-nous! - Let's get up!
Le Conditionnel denotes an action that can be possible, intended, or desired. This mood denotes an action, the ability to perform which depends on specific and specific conditions.
Le Conditionnel has two tenses: le Conditionnel présent and le Conditionnel passé. Both tenses are translated by the same conditional mood.
Le Conditionnel présent in shape is the same as le Futur dans le passé.
Il voudrait lire ce roman. - He would like to read this novel.
Il pourrait être là. - He's probably there.
Si j'étais fort, je t'aidais. - If I were strong, I would help you.
Le Conditionnel passé is formed using the auxiliary verbs avoir or être, which are found in le Conditionnel présent and le Participe passé of the conjugated verb.
Si j'avais eu ton numéro, je t'aurais téléphoné le soir. - If I had your number, I would call you in the evening.
Si tu étais venu au stade, tu aurais assist à un match splendide. - If you came to the stadium, you would be present at a great match.
Le Subjonctif denotes an action that is intended, possible under certain circumstances, conditions or desired. It is usually used after impersonal phrases and verbs expressing will, command, prohibition (vouloir, prier, il faut, il semble), as well as in subordinate clauses after some union words and conjunctions.
Il faut que j'aille à la poste. - I need to go to the post office.
Je veux que vous écoutiez l’instructeur. “I want you to listen to the instructor.
Le Subjonctif présent is formed by adding a plural to the base of the third person. numbers of indicative mood (Indicatif) endings: -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, -ent.
Exceptions to this rule are avoir, être and some verbs: parler, finir, mettre.
Examples of using le Subjonctif
Je ne suis pas sûr qu'il fasse beau demain. “I'm not sure the weather will be good tomorrow.
Il n'y a personne qui puisse l'aider. - Nobody can help him.
Je serais bien content qu'il soit là. - I would be very pleased that he would be there.
Il me demande que je revienne le lendemain. - He asks me to come back the next day.
Que personne ne sorte! - So that no one comes out! (let no one come out!)
Note: Le Subjonctif has other tenses, but the most commonly used is le Subjonctif présent.
-\u003e Forms ImpératifImpératif (imperative mood) - denotes an action that the speaker requires to do or not.
General information
Verbs in impératif have no subject.
Impératif has forms in only two faces:
- second person singular and plural
- first person plural
Chantons! - Let's sing!
Finissons! - Let's finish!
Partons! - Let's go to!
The verb pouvoir is not used in the imperative mood.
Action in the imperative mood, by the very meaning of this mood, can only refer to the future. In French, the command is usually expressed in the forms of the present tense ( impératif présent). Along with this, in French there are forms of the past tense of the imperative mood ( impératif passé), which express the temporal relation of precedence and the specific shade of completeness of the action.
Impératif présent
Forms impératif présent most verbs are derived from the same stem as the corresponding forms présent de l "indicatif... The exceptions are avoir, être, savoir and vouloir, which have special stems.
The verbs of the first group, as well as the verbs aller, avoir, savoir, ouvrir, offrir, cueillir, differ in the absence of a final -s in the second person singular. However, if the verb is followed by the words y or en, the final -s persists. Compare:
Parle! - Speak!
Parle s-en! - Talk about it!
Pense! - Think!
Pense s-y! - Think about it!
Forms impératif présent plural are similar to the corresponding forms présent de l "indicatif (except for the exceptions described above).
Below are examples of verb conjugation in impératif présent.
You can additionally familiarize yourself with the conjugation of verbs of the first, second and third groups on the page Typical conjugation of French verbs.
Impératif passé
Forms impératif passé formed with an auxiliary verb (avoir or être) in impératif présent and participe passé (past participle) of a semantic verb.
Impératif passé is a little used form. It expresses an action that must be performed at some point in the future.
Sois revenu dans une demi-heure.
Come back in half an hour.
Ayez terminé ce travail avant midi.
Finish this work before noon.
negative form
The negative form of verbs in impératif is formed according to the general rule for constructing negation: the particle ne is placed before the verb, and the particle pas or other words used in negation (personne, rien, etc.)
Ne parle pas. - Do not speak.
Ne fais pas attention. - Do not pay attention.
N "ayez pas peur. - Don't be afraid.
Ne soyons pas naïfs! - Let's not be naive!
Ne dites rien. - Don't say anything.
In living spoken language, the ne particle is most often absent before the verb.
Parle pas. - Do not speak. (colloquial)
Fais pas attention. - Do not pay attention. (colloquial)
Impératif and reflexive verbs
A feature of the conjugation of reflexive verbs in impératif is that in the affirmative form, reflexive pronouns are placed after the verb. In this case, the reflexive pronoun te takes the form of the stressed pronoun toi.
Lève- toi! - Get up!
Amusons-nous! - Let's have some fun!
Habillez-vous. - Get dressed.
In the negative form impératif, reflexive pronouns do not change and remain before the verb.
Ne te lève pas! - Don't get up!
Ne vous habillez pas. - Don't get dressed.
