Poisoning how to help. The best medicines for poisoning. What medications can be taken to improve the condition

Food poisoning is caused by a large number of bacteria in the stomach. This pathology does not last long, but it is very active. Therefore, it is important to know how to act so as not to harm your body.

Symptoms of food poisoning

The disease develops very quickly - from two hours to a day. The first signs of poisoning include:

• - the very first symptom, which is also accompanied by belching with an unpleasant odor, as well as heaviness in the stomach;
• vomiting - brings slight relief, it can be repeated - first with food leftovers, and then with liquid; in case of prolonged nausea, bile and the contents of the small intestine are released from the body;
• fever is a sign that toxic substances from the stomach have entered the bloodstream, temperature readings fluctuate depending on the amount of toxins;
• migraine attacks, weakness of the whole body, pain in muscles and joints;
• pain in the abdomen - occurs due to spasm of the thin walls of the stomach;
• a decrease in blood pressure is due to the fact that the tone of the arteries decreases;
• diarrhea - sometimes blood can be seen in the discharge - this indicates that Clostridial toxins have entered the body;
• dehydration against the background of vomiting and diarrhea, manifested by a feeling of thirst, and loss of elasticity of the skin.

Conclusion

For any poisoning, act immediately. It can be treated with both folk remedies and pharmaceutical preparations. However, remember that in case of prolonged absence of results of self-treatment, you need to consult a doctor.

A person cannot live without food. That is why we often approach the issue of nutrition with all responsibility, carefully select quality products and subject them to heat treatment. But despite this, food poisoning is not uncommon in our time. In some cases, this is due to the irresponsibility of the manufacturer, in others, we ourselves do not pay attention to the shelf life and storage characteristics of food. At the first signs of poisoning, you should not only normalize your health as soon as possible, but also follow a special diet. What an adult can eat with food poisoning, we will figure it out in this article.

Why you need to follow a diet during poisoning

Vomiting, diarrhea, fever and severe stomach pain are only superficial symptoms of poisoning. In fact, the human body, at this time, undergoes severe intoxication, and the gastric mucosa is highly inflamed and irritated. In addition, in case of poisoning and diarrhea, there is a strong loss of important trace elements in the body.

The correct choice of diet will gradually restore the work of the stomach, and accelerate the healing process of the mucous membrane. In addition, a balanced diet will restore the electrolyte balance and replenish the body with the necessary proteins, vitamins and microelements. Also, experts say that properly selected products will help eliminate or reduce the gag reflex.

It is worth remembering that refusal to correct the diet can lead to a deterioration in health, and also accelerate the process of dehydration.

What to drink in case of poisoning?

With uncontrollable vomiting and diarrhea, a bias should be made to restore the water balance in the body, otherwise dehydration may occur. To do this, on the first day of intoxication, you need to drink at least 2 liters of warm, gas-free water. Drinks of water should be frequent and in small quantities, about 100 ml every 20 minutes. It should be remembered that in no case should you drink water in one gulp, the throats should be shallow.

To speed up the restoration of the water-salt balance, the drug "Regidron" will help, if this drug was not found at hand, then it can be prepared independently, at home. For this you will need:

• 1/4 teaspoon of salt;
• 5 liters of clean warm water;
• 2 tablespoons of sugar;
• 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda.

Before using this solution, it is worth consulting with your doctor, because as soon as he knows the features of the poisoning and can recommend suitable drugs.

On the second day after poisoning, light soups can be added to the diet. Low-fat chicken broth is ideal.

Features of nutrition in case of poisoning

Eating the right foods in case of poisoning will help the gastric mucosa to recover sooner, but it is worth remembering that the patient begins to feel better sooner, it is worth spending one day observing bed rest and sleeping more.

The main nutritional features in case of poisoning are:

• Eating meals in small portions;
• Increasing food intake up to 6-8 times a day;
• Decrease in daily calories;
• Exceptions to fatty, spicy and salty foods;
• Eating chopped or pureed foods.

Food should only be eaten warm, as hot and cold food irritates the stomach lining. Also, do not forget about taking sorbents, which will help to quickly remove toxic substances from the body.

Permitted and restorative products

Acute food poisoning entails a lot of consequences, so adherence to a strict diet and a special diet during the period of treatment and recovery is simply necessary. But despite the many contraindications, there are foods that patients eat specifically to restore the stomach and suppress gag reflexes and diarrhea.

The list of such products is not long, but their intake is necessary to normalize the state of health:

• Boiled or baked vegetables and fruits;
• Porridge on the water. Rice is especially useful;
• Flavored rye croutons;
• Decoctions of herbs;
• Steamed fillet of non-fatty fish;
• Boiled grated meat or ready-made meat puree for children;
• Dry biscuits or biscuits.

Blueberries will also help eliminate the signs of diarrhea. But natural juices should be treated more carefully. A person suffering from gastric disorders is allowed to consume apple, banana, pomegranate and carrot juice. Orange or grapefruit should be discarded for a cut because they contain acids that can harm an already irritated stomach.

What can not be eaten in case of poisoning?

In case of poisoning, the use of many products becomes prohibited. The reason for this is their poor digestibility, in addition, often certain foods can carry special negative consequences. For example, fermentation, gassing and acidification. That is why, patients are advised to stop eating fried, salty, spicy and smoked foods. Also, in case of poisoning, you should not eat baked goods, dairy products, raw fruits and vegetables, alcoholic and carbonated drinks, sweets, coffee and mushrooms. All of these foods are irritating and trigger new bouts of vomiting or diarrhea.

What can you eat after poisoning?

Even after the normalization of health and restoration of the stomach, patients are advised to adhere to a special diet for at least another week. This is done so that the stomach can fully restore its microflora and heal the mucosal walls. In addition, dietary nutrition will help prevent relapse.

The next day, if you feel better. Doctors recommend switching to frequent eating in small portions. For breakfast, an excellent option would be to use rice porridge on the water. At lunchtime, lean meat broth will do. And for dinner, you can eat a small piece of steamed fish fillet. Baked apples, crackers or biscuits can play the role of light snacks.

After a complete improvement in the condition, the patient can begin to introduce meat products into the diet, for example, chicken meatballs or chicken breasts. You can also gradually introduce fermented milk, low-fat products. Kefir will be an ideal option in this case, but it should be borne in mind that a fresh product can provoke diarrhea, so you should choose a dairy product with 2-3 days of exposure.

In the following days, you need to try to make the menu more varied, but at the same time do not rush to introduce heavier products.

It is worth remembering that the issue of choosing food should be approached with full responsibility and try to use only proven products that meet all expiration dates and are subject to proper storage.

Video on the topic of the article:

If food poisoning is not severe, then you can deal with it at home. At the same time, it is important that the person does not develop symptoms that pose a threat to life. The patient comes to the aid of drugs that should be in every family medicine cabinet. You can also resort to folk remedies to help you recover faster.

What you need to know about food poisoning

A person with food poisoning is not contagious. This violation develops due to the consumption of foods that contain harmful microorganisms or poisons.

There are 2 types of food poisoning:

PTI, that is, foodborne diseases. They develop due to the fact that a person eats foods in which pathogenic flora is present. It can multiply in them due to the expired shelf life. Another reason for PTI is non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.

Toxic poisoning of non-infectious origin. The deterioration of well-being occurs due to the ingestion of toxins (chemical or natural) into the body. These can be both chemicals and poisons from mushrooms, plants, etc.

It is non-infectious toxic poisoning that poses the greatest threat to human health. It will not work to cope with such intoxication on your own, you must immediately contact a doctor.

Do not self-medicate for pregnant women, the elderly and children. Even if the poisoning is easy for them, you need to see a doctor.

Fortunately, most often people are faced with poisoning, which can be successfully dealt with at home. The article will focus on how to help the body in the event of uncomplicated IPT.

The symptoms of food poisoning will depend on which toxin or microorganism is causing the disorder. The age of the person and the state of his health in general matters. However, there are general signs of poisoning that occur in both children and adults.

These include:

Painful cramps in stomach and intestines.

Weakness and malaise.

Colon cleansing. If a person does not develop diarrhea, a laxative or enema should be taken. This will help flush out toxins from the intestines. For an enema, use ordinary water. It should be boiled and at room temperature. Enema is also repeated several times. It is necessary to ensure that the waters become clean.

When the patient is given first aid, you can offer him folk and pharmaceutical remedies.

What medicines to drink in case of poisoning?

If the poisoning is easy, then you can deal with it without taking any medications. It will be enough to limit yourself to adherence to the drinking regime and diet.

The main therapeutic measures that can be carried out at home:

Removal of symptoms of intoxication.

Elimination of toxins from the body.

Restoration of intestinal microflora.

Stabilization of the digestive system.

It must be remembered that only a doctor can correctly assess a person's well-being.

Diarrhea and vomiting cause the body to rapidly lose water reserves. To prevent this from happening, you need to drink about 3 liters of liquid per day. It must be salted. Take a teaspoon of salt per liter of water. You can alternate water with sweet tea. It is also allowed to take rehydration drugs, for example, Rehydron or Oralit. They have a powder form of release; before taking them, they must be dissolved in boiled water.

Rehydron is the most popular drug for restoring water-salt balance. It is used for infectious diseases, for diarrhea of \u200b\u200bvarious origins. One bag of powder is enough to prepare a liter of solution. Most often, there are no side effects from taking the drug.

Rehydron is drunk in small sips. Within 10 minutes, you need to drink 200 ml of the solution. To achieve the optimal effect, you need to take a liter of the drug per hour. As a rule, in 1.5-3 hours of such therapy, it is possible to restore the water-salt balance of the body and normalize the patient's well-being.

If the fluid continues to leave the body at an accelerated rate, that is, diarrhea does not stop, then the treatment with Regidron continues.

At the first stage, the volume of fluid is calculated based on the degree of dehydration of the body:

With 1 degree of dehydration, 30-40 ml / kg of body weight is required.

At 2 and 3 degrees - 40-70 ml / kg of weight.

The second stage of the fight against dehydration requires taking the amount of fluid that is excreted from the body for each case of diarrhea or vomiting. You should not drink Rehydron in large quantities, overdose should not be allowed.

Sorbents are drugs that help remove toxic substances from the body. Most often, people use activated carbon as a sorbent. It prevents the absorption of harmful substances in the intestines and allows them to be excreted. For every 10 kg of weight, you need to take 1 tablet.

Black charcoal can be replaced with white. It acts selectively, that is, it removes only toxins out, and useful substances are stored in the body. The dose is reduced by 2 times. For an adult with food poisoning, 2-4 tablets are sufficient. It all depends on the severity of its course.

Enterosorbents should be taken with caution by patients with high body temperature. The same applies to children and the elderly. It is better to replace coal with Smecta, Lactofiltrum or Enterosgel.

Smecta is a drug for diarrhea that acts like an adsorbent. It is used for food poisoning, intestinal infections, alcohol poisoning. It promotes the restoration of the digestive tract.

Enterosgel. This is a silicon preparation that is practically safe for humans. It is prescribed for children, pregnant women. It perfectly absorbs toxins and quickly removes them outside. It can be used to relieve women, to relieve alcohol intoxication. All nutrients remain in the body and are not excreted.

Polysorb. This is a combined drug that allows you to quickly remove poisons. It is used to relieve alcohol intoxication, food poisoning and drug poisoning.

Lactofiltrum. It contains lactulose and lignin. This drug not only absorbs harmful substances, but also allows you to restore the intestinal microflora. It is prescribed for patients with hepatitis, liver disease, IBS and allergies. Every day you need to take 2 tablets (3 times a day). Lactofiltrum can be treated in patients over a year old. It is not prescribed for pregnant women, patients with and with bleeding in the digestive system. Side effects include allergies and diarrhea.

Doctors advise against taking painkillers until the patient has been examined. Such drugs can change the symptoms of the disease and make diagnosis difficult. A spasm reliever can only be taken if the pain is severe. The most commonly used agents are: No-shpa, Papaverin, Drotaverin.

The active ingredient in No-shpa is drotaverin. The drug can be taken in pill form, or you can give it an injection. No-shpa allows you to eliminate spasm from smooth muscles and eliminate pain. The drug works quickly.

The maximum daily dose is 120-140 mg (3-6 tablets or 40-240 mg for ampoules).

It is forbidden to take the drug to persons with impaired liver and kidney function, lactose deficiency and low cardiac output.

Antimicrobial and antibacterial therapy

Antibiotics are not often prescribed for food poisoning. Only a doctor can write them out. Self-medication threatens with other complications. The most commonly used drugs include: Enterofuril, Phtalazol, Ciprofloxacin, Intetrix.

Ersefuril is prescribed for acute food poisoning. Ciprofloxacin is indicated for intoxications caused by anaerobic flora, staphylococci.

Antidiarrheal and antiemetic therapy

When microbes enter the gastrointestinal tract, or toxins enter, you should not stop vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms are a defense reaction of the body, which thus cleans itself. Only a doctor can make a decision on taking antiemetic and antidiarrheal drugs. As a rule, they are prescribed after the bulk of the harmful flora and toxins have been released with feces and vomiting.

Antiemetic drugs include Motilium and Cerucal. The following medicines can be used for diarrhea: Loperamide, Trimebutin, Neointestopan.

We need to dwell on them in more detail:

It stops vomiting and diarrhea, activates the contractile function of the intestines. For food poisoning, you need to take 2 tablets. The next dose is indicated in 6-8 hours. You can also take the drug before bed.

Cerucal. This drug is taken with vomiting that occurs with food poisoning and with toxicosis of pregnant women. It comes in the form of tablets and in injection solution. Cerucal quickly relieves nausea and vomiting.

Neointestopan. Attapulgite is the main active ingredient. It absorbs pathogenic flora and toxic substances. The drug is prescribed for acute diarrhea, for dysbiosis and for allergies. Up to 14 tablets can be taken per knocking.

Loperamide. This drug slows down the motor function of the intestines, which stops the diarrhea. It can be prescribed to children over 6 years old.

The body temperature rises rarely with food poisoning.

If this happens, medications such as:

Paracetamol. The drug lowers the temperature well in adult patients. The effect develops 40 minutes after administration and lasts up to 4 hours. Paracetamol allows you to eliminate inflammation, reduce pain.

Ibuklin. It acts as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. The drug works quickly, since it combines 2 active components of Ibuprofen and Paracetamol at once. Take it orally after eating. The maximum daily dose is 3 tablets. The course of treatment is 3 days (if you need to reduce body temperature), or 5 days (if you need to stop the pain).

Ibuprofen (Nurofen). Patients tolerate this drug well. It can be assigned to children. It lowers body temperature and relieves pain.

Microflora restoration therapy

The normal flora of the intestines against the background of food poisoning is disrupted. To restore it, drugs such as:

Linex. This is a modern remedy that is prescribed for dysbiosis caused by bacterial and viral infections, food poisoning.

Bifidumbacterin. The drug is available in capsules and powder. A suspension is prepared from it. Bifidumbacterin helps to normalize the intestinal microflora.

In addition, in case of food poisoning, drugs such as Bioflor, Bionorm, Enterojermina, Bactisubtil can be prescribed.

Enzyme therapy

Enzyme preparations help stabilize the intestinal microflora and help it recover. For this purpose, use means such as:

Festal. It compensates for insufficient liver function and helps the body cope with food poisoning. Patients are prescribed 1-2 tablets 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 5 days.

Mezim. This drug helps to stop the symptoms of dyspepsia. It can be taken by children over 3 years old. Patients with food poisoning are prescribed 1 tablet with meals. Drink Mezim with plenty of water. It is not prescribed for inflammation of the pancreas, as well as for mechanical intestinal obstruction.

Creon. The main active ingredient of this drug is pancreatin. Its reception allows you to normalize the function of digestion.

Video: about the most important thing - what is needed and what cannot be done in case of poisoning?

Food after poisoning

Dishes should be warm. The patient is offered small portions. Their volume is increased gradually.

They take food 6-7 times a day. This allows you to quickly normalize the digestion process. When the function of the digestive tract returns to normal, you can supplement the diet with rice porridge, low-fat broth, and crackers.

Allowed Products

Allowed products include:

Steamed meat cutlets. They are included in the menu from day 3 of the diet.

Casserole.

Pudding with cottage cheese.

Steamed fish meatballs.

Buckwheat and rice on the water.

Baked and boiled vegetables.

Dill decoction.

Rice soup.

Homemade croutons.

Steamed omelet.

Baked apples and pears.

Chamomile tea.

Fruit jelly.

A week after the poisoning, fermented milk products are introduced into the menu, which help restore the intestinal microflora. It is important to drink plenty of water to avoid dehydration and its severe consequences.

Foods not to be eaten:

Any conservation.

• Alcoholic drinks.

  Sausages.

  Dairy products.

  Salty fish.

  Pearl barley and corn.

• Meat broths.

  Lard and meat.

  Fresh vegetables and fruits.

These products contribute to the occurrence of flatulence, aggravate pain, provoke the production of enzymes, and start fermentation processes in the intestines. If you do not exclude them from the diet, then the recovery of the body is delayed.

Prevention

To prevent food poisoning, you need to eat only fresh and quality food. The kitchen should always be clean. Wash fruits, herbs and vegetables thoroughly.

Cooked dishes should be stored under a closed lid; it is recommended to boil yesterday's food.

Be sure to wash your hands before approaching the table. Compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards is the best prevention of food poisoning.

Education: Diploma in the specialty "General Medicine" received at the Russian State Medical University named after N.I. Pirogova (2005). Postgraduate studies in the specialty "Gastroenterology" - educational and scientific medical center.

Many bacteria and viruses feel great in food and drinking water: staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Clostridia, Campylobacter, norovirus, adenovirus and other pests. Penetrating under the cover of food into the body, they provoke food poisoning.

In 2013, the American Center for Infectious Diseases CDC conducted an interesting study, in which it identified the most dangerous foods in terms of infections. They turned out to be:

• Leafy green vegetables - on insufficiently washed twigs and leaves of parsley, dill, and other summer bounties, hordes of noroviruses and E. coli find shelter. About 22% of food poisoning cases are associated with an addiction to greens.
• Poultry meat and eggs, which cause infection in 19% of poisoned citizens. Listeria breed in tender chicken, and egg white cream is a popular carrier of Salmonella.
• Dairy products rewarding consumers with noroviruses and campylobacter. The share of "milk" accounts for 14% of all food poisoning.

Bacteria or viruses that enter the body for some time behave quieter than water, below the grass. Some pathogens “hide” for several hours, while others can be shy for up to 7-10 days. And yet, sooner or later, the time comes for them to show themselves in all their glory.

Classic symptoms of food poisoning

A constant companion of a classic intestinal infection is watery diarrhea, sometimes with blood. Also, there is pain in the abdomen, and the stronger it is, the more pronounced the inflammation in the intestines. An increased temperature also testifies to inflammation.

Vomiting is the main symptom of infection with Staphylococcus aureus or norovirus. With salmonellosis, infection with Shigella, Campylobacter and Yersinia, inflammation of the joints joins all the "delights". Sometimes poisoning is accompanied by bloating (for example, with giardiasis).

There is surprising symptomatic diversity among eaters who have consumed the same contaminated food in the same amount. A healthy man with a “nail-grinding” digestive tract may not even notice that he has become a victim of poisoning. But a child or woman, loaded with the same "dose" of toxins, is quite capable of spending the next week rushing between the bathroom and the bed. And I’ll say right away that it’s irresponsible and even dangerous to wait humbly until everything goes away by itself.

Shall we treat?

So what should you do in case of acute food poisoning? Let's list.

1. Drink a lot. The main danger of poisoning is dehydration. With vomiting and diarrhea, the patient loses moisture and electrolytes, so restoring the water-salt balance should be task number 1.

You can drink special preparations that are sold in pharmacies in the form of dry mixes for dissolution (for example, Regidron), non-carbonated medicinal and table mineral water, dried fruit compote, infusions or decoctions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, mint).

You can not drink coffee, carbonated drinks and juices, and up to full recovery.

2. Take medication. Medicines are the second most important line of treatment for poisoning, and should not be forgotten either. So, where to stop the choice?

First of all, on sorbents. Activated carbon and other more modern silicon-based agents (Polysorb, Enterosgel) sorb toxins on their surface and alleviate the patient's condition. It should be borne in mind that sorbents do not understand which substance to come into contact with - harmful or useful. Therefore, they cannot be used together with food or other medicines.

Second, antidiarrheal medications may be needed for severe diarrhea. The agent of choice is loperamide, which inhibits intestinal peristalsis. Some experts do not advise to be zealous with antidiarrheals in case of poisoning, explaining that with diarrhea the body also gets rid of toxins. However, debilitating attacks cannot be tolerated either.

And the third group is probiotics, which are often prescribed in domestic practice. In studies, only two types of drugs have shown efficacy for diarrhea: containing Saccharomyces boulardii (Enterol) or Lactobacillus casei GG. The rest of the preparations and additives with bacteria can theoretically also be used - they will not bring harm. And whether they will be useful is unknown to science.

3. Follow a diet. While the infection is only gaining momentum, I do not want to eat at all, and indeed, during this period it is better to refuse food altogether. But the emergence of a feeling of hunger indicates that it's time to eat.

In the first days after the start of the disease, a second broth, rice broth, biscuits are suitable. As soon as the condition begins to noticeably improve, you can introduce steamed cutlets, mashed potatoes and other "tenderness".

Throughout the entire illness, one should renounce dairy products, salinity, fried and fatty ones. But there is no need to be sad: practice shows that in 3-7 days the average poisoned person will be able to return to the previous, healthy life, saturated with favorite foods.

Marina Pozdeeva

Photo thinkstockphotos.com

Content

Sharp pains in the abdomen, severe bouts of nausea or vomiting, loose stools - occurring after eating, these symptoms often indicate the poor quality of the food consumed, the ingestion of toxic ingredients in the dish or violation of sanitary standards during cooking. Every person has come across such a situation at least once, and very few people understand how to get out of it. How to act immediately after an attack and do folk remedies help with poisoning or are more serious medications needed?

What is poisoning

Food toxicoinfection or food intoxication (depending on the etiology) - this is what official medicine calls poisoning that occurs as a result of eating food. The disease mainly occurs in an acute form, arises against the background of eating food covered with pathogens and toxins secreted by them. Food poisoning is divided into:

• Microbial - caused by E. coli or botulinum, enterococci, staphylococci. This includes toxicoinfections, mycotoxicosis and bacteriotoxicosis.
• Non-microbial - poisoning with plant and animal products, initially dangerous due to toxicity or accumulated toxins for certain reasons.
• Due to impurities of chemicals - arising from the use of products containing excess pesticides, nitrates, heavy metal salts.

The clinical manifestations of food poisoning are in the nature of gastroenteritis, but in some cases the symptoms are absent or observed for only a few hours. This picture is characteristic of botulism, lead poisoning. With classical intoxication of a non-microbial nature, the onset of the disease is always sudden, and the course is short, accompanied by the following symptoms:

• malaise, weakness;
• sharp abdominal pain;
• diarrhea, frequent urge to defecate;
• gas formation, bloating;
• nausea, vomiting.

An important point is the ability of a person to distinguish food intoxication from intestinal infection, in which a general treatment regimen should be drawn up in a completely different way. Intestinal infection enters the body by airborne droplets or by contact (not through food), its incubation period is longer (from a day to a month) and it is characterized by a high temperature that lasts for several days, frequent diarrhea and dehydration.

What to do in case of poisoning

If the problem arose due to the ingress of chemicals or poisonous products into the digestive tract, it is pointless to find out what they drink in case of poisoning: immediate hospitalization of the patient is required. In the case when spoiled or contaminated food is to blame, you can cope with intoxication on your own. First aid for food poisoning, preceding the main therapy, looks like this:

1. To provoke vomiting as early as possible - this will prevent toxins from entering the bloodstream, and will speed up the healing process.
2. Carry out a gastric lavage: after drinking 0.5-1 liters of water (almost in one gulp) to stimulate a new attack of vomiting.
3. Give an enema if more than 2 hours have passed since the consumption of potentially culpable food. Alternative: take a laxative, but only in the absence of stool or constipation, since such a drug strikes the intestines.
4. Prevent dehydration - drink slowly and in small sips, a single volume of liquid does not exceed half a glass.
5. Neutralize toxins - use sorbing drugs. Antidiarrheals are not used at this stage, since this will block the natural cleansing of the body.

Subsequent treatment involves compulsory adherence to a diet, and the first few hours after the attack, the poisoned person is prescribed complete hunger (only drinking is allowed to quickly remove toxins and prevent dehydration). For a full day, the fasting regime is not stretched, since this slows down the process of restoring the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment of poisoning in children and adults requires:

• Limit the amount of food entering the body, but ensure that you drink plenty of fluids. Doctors recommend that the patient drink every 10 minutes after an attack, especially a child. On the next day, the intervals can be increased to half an hour.
• Be sure to drink rehydrants - solutions that restore the water-salt balance.
• In the diet of the first days, use only cereals on water, puree soups, boiled crushed potatoes (do not use dairy products). For 3-4 days, you can add biscuits, crackers, lean meat, baked apples.

If a poisoned person faints, there are blood impurities in the stool or vomit, a rash appears on the skin, or the skin and eye sclera turn yellow, you cannot do home self-medication. It is required to call an ambulance and provide the victim with first aid, except for clean water, do not give anything to drink. A similar situation is with food intoxication of all family members.

What drink

Liquids are required by the poisoned body as a means of cleansing, maintaining water balance and even muffling hunger for the first few hours while food is prohibited. The patient should definitely drink clean water in small sips, but at room temperature or warm, and with it:

• soda and salt solutions;
• herbal teas;
• oat and rice water.

Saline solution

During an attack of vomiting, a person loses 1.5 liters of water, so dehydration sets in quickly, especially if the vomiting is frequent and intense. It is important to drink clean water, but it is even more important to take solutions that retain fluid and replenish its loss. The simplest is saline, but it requires you to follow some rules:

• salt is contraindicated in stomach ulcers and gastrointestinal bleeding;
• after an attack of vomiting, it is required to rinse the mouth to remove vomit before drinking saline;
• the recommended volume of solution for the patient in the acute period is 5 ml / kg;
• after a decrease in the intensity of the urge to defecate and vomiting, the poisoned person is given 200 ml of solution after each attack of diarrhea, and children - 50 ml.

You can drink saline solution for 2 purposes: to induce vomiting to cleanse the stomach at an early stage of intoxication, or to prevent dehydration. The classic remedy is prepared simply: diluted with 2 tsp. salt in a glass of hot boiled water for adults and 1 tsp. - for children aged 3-12 years. Keep in mind that they drink the solution warm (to induce vomiting, cool to 30 degrees), otherwise you will provoke a gastric spasm. An alternative option for dehydration is 1 tbsp. l. sugar, 1 tsp. salt and 0.5 tsp. soda per 1 liter of water. Drink in small sips, the interval between them is 10 minutes.

Soda for poisoning

In order to normalize the condition with food intoxication, it is worth drinking not only saline solution - soda also cleans well, prevents vomiting attacks, helps to get rid of heartburn, since it can reduce the acidity of gastric juice. Such a solution is not prepared when:

• peptic ulcer;
• bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract;
• acid poisoning.

Unlike saline, soda is not the safest and requires caution. It is prescribed for severe diarrhea, heartburn, vomiting, fever, but it is drunk in small quantities. The concentration is always made low: 1 tsp. 1 liter of warm boiled water. May be supplemented with the same amount of salt. Drink at intervals of 5-10 minutes. 1 st. l. until disturbing symptoms pass.

What tea to drink

In order to prevent dehydration, gastroenterologists advise a poisoned person to drink strong sweet black tea, but only after eliminating the main symptoms of the problem: diarrhea and vomiting. A slice of fresh lemon or a slice of ginger will help remove any remaining nausea. Green tea can also be drunk, but it does not provide such a fixing effect. A few more options for healthy tea:

• based on chamomile flowers - to improve the condition of the digestive tract;
• with mint leaves - to eliminate nausea;
• with salt - to normalize the water and electrolyte balance.

Medicines

A medicinal effect on an organism that has undergone poisoning is not required in all situations: mild food intoxication implies only the intake of sorbents in order to quickly get rid of the residues of harmful substances. If the patient's condition is severe, stronger symptomatic medications may be needed, but it is advisable to select them with a doctor. Gastroenterologists use the following groups of drugs:

• Adsorbents (Enterosgel, Atoxil) - bind and remove toxins, are used to treat children and adults, but are not prescribed at temperatures. Necessarily carried in time with the rest of the medicines (for 1-2 hours).
• Rehydrants (Rehydron, Acesol) - restore the water-electrolyte balance, are used for any poisoning. The introduction is oral or infusion, depending on the condition of the patient.
• Painkillers (Drotaverin, Duspatalin) are antispasmodics that are drunk only for severe acute pain accompanying bouts of diarrhea.
• Antiemetics (Metoclopramide, Cerucal) - doctors call vomiting a natural defense reaction of the body, which helps get rid of toxins, but with too intense attacks, it can be blocked with drugs.
• Antidiarrheal (Kaopektat, Loperamide) - used only for frequent bouts of diarrhea, which cause severe dehydration.
• Antipyretics (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol) are rarely used, mainly in young children, and only when the patient knows that the temperature is not caused by an intestinal infection.
• Probiotics (Linex, Bionorm) are used at the final stages of treatment in order to restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

From poisoning and vomiting

The pharmacological group of antiemetics includes several types of drugs that affect nervous regulation. Mostly they block dopamine, serotonin, histamine receptors, reducing the excitability of the vomiting center, or they work as local anesthetics. Cerucal is considered a popular and effective antiemetic drug for poisoning: it works on metoclopramide (10.54 mg per tablet and 5.27 mg in 1 ml of solution), is used orally or intravenously. Key points:

• Pharmacological action: the central blocker of dopamine (D2) receptors and serotonin, causes inhibition of the trigger zone of the vomiting center.
• Indications: hiccups, nausea, vomiting of any genesis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, stomach atony, gastric dyskinesia, gastric ulcer.
• Dosage: 1 tablet for adults before meals for half an hour with warm water, with a frequency of up to 4 times / day (with frequent bouts of vomiting). Children over 14 years old no more than 3 tablets per day. Intravenous solution is slowly injected up to 3 times / day, 10 ml at a time.
• Contraindications: bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal obstruction, extrapyramidal disorders, age up to 2 years.
• Side effects: urticaria, stool disorders, dry mouth, tachycardia, fluid retention, drowsiness (with frequent use).

An important advantage of Cerucal and other drugs on metoclopramide (Metamol, Metoclopramide, Reglan) is a quick effect on nausea and vomiting of any etiology, excluding vestibular - after half an hour, the state is normalized. Less commonly, doctors prescribe Sturgeon, which works on ondansetron, as an antiemetic drug. Unlike metoclopramide, this substance does not cause an increase in prolactin levels, but its mechanism of action on vomiting is not fully understood. Instructions for use:

• Indications: nausea and vomiting of postoperative genesis or caused by taking cystostatics, radiation therapy.
• Dosage: the daily dose is 8-32 mg for adults, it is advisable to take no more than 8 mg at a time.
• Contraindications: pregnancy, age up to 2 years (tablets) and up to 12 years (high dosages), lactation.
• Side effects: headache, arrhythmia, constipation.

Medicines for poisoning and diarrhea

In order to relieve diarrhea, attacks of which occur more often than 2-3 times / day, you can use decoctions of astringent herbs or drugs with antidiarrheal properties, which are based on loperamide, attapulgite, racecadotril, smectite. Some of them are additionally sorbents. Mostly in case of poisoning, gastroenterologists advise taking medicines for attapulgite, which include Neointestopan (630 mg per 1 tablet):

Kaopektat is similar in pharmacological action to Neointestopan, since it is also on attapulgite, but 1 tablet contains 750 mg of the active substance, which makes this drug more effective (in terms of speed of action). Unlike Neointestopan, Kaopektat is also produced in the form of a suspension, where the same concentration of the active ingredient (750 mg) is achieved when taking 15 ml. The indications and contraindications are identical to those described above, you only need to pay attention to the dosage:

• Adults: 2 tbsp. l. suspensions or 2 tablets up to 6 times / day, after each bowel movement.
• Children 6-12 years old: 1 tbsp. l. suspensions or 1 tablet up to 6 times / day.
• Children under 6 years old: no more than 1 tsp. suspensions up to 6 times / day.

Pain reliever

If the acute stage of intoxication is accompanied by a severe pain syndrome that causes anguish during the urge to defecate and between them, doctors allow taking antispasmodic drugs. The most famous remedy of this type is No-shpa (analogues are Drotaverin, Spazmol). Works on drotaverine, is a myotropic antispasmodic, relaxes the intestinal muscles, it is allowed in case of intolerance to M-anticholinergics. Features of use:

• Indications: spasms of smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract.
• Dosage: 1-2 tablets no more than 3 times / day.
• Contraindications: hypotension, lactation, pregnancy, renal, heart and liver failure.
• Side effects: decreased blood pressure, dizziness, arrhythmia, skin reactions.

Less known are antispasmodics on mebeverin (Duspatalin, Sparex), prescribed only for abdominal pain. They also have a myotropic effect, but do not cause a drop in blood pressure, do not affect normal intestinal peristalsis. In addition to them, the anticholinergic Platyphyllin, used for spasms of smooth muscles of the abdominal organs and vascular spasms, or the combined agent Spazmalgon (in the composition of sodium metamizole, pitofenone hydrochloride and fenpiverinium bromide) can be used as analgesic tablets for poisoning:

• Pharmacological action: analgesic, antispasmodic.
• Indications: gastroenteritis, colitis, unspecified abdominal pain.
• Dosage: up to 6 tablets per day, 1-2 tablets per appointment. After meals, drink water.
• Contraindications: diseases of the heart, liver, kidneys, pregnancy, lactation, age up to 6 years.
• Side effects: headache, tachycardia, urticaria.

Sorbents

The most important part of the treatment of poisoning is the intake of adsorbent drugs that help remove toxins from the body, but they are drunk only in the absence of intense vomiting. Other medications can be taken no earlier than 2 hours later, otherwise, in addition to toxins, useful substances will be captured. The safest and most affordable adsorbent is white or black activated carbon (and preparations based on it: Carbactin, Sorbeks), but more often gastroenterologists advise Polysorb MP, on silicon dioxide:

• Pharmacological action: sorption and detoxification, binding and elimination of exogenous and endogenous toxins, pathogenic bacteria, food allergens, heavy metal salts.
• Dosage: calculated individually, 0.1-0.2 g of powder per kg of weight with a frequency of up to 4 times / day, prepare the suspension exactly before taking. They drink the medicine 1 hour before meals.
• Contraindications: exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease, intestinal atony, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Side effects: allergic reactions.

The disadvantage of Polysorb is the powder format, which requires dilution (the required amount is dissolved in 50-100 ml of water). Similar actions must be performed with the drugs Smecta and Neosmectin, working on smectite and, in addition to adsorption, performing an antidiarrheal function. Pastey Enterosgel (based on polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate) is more convenient from the point of view of use:

• Pharmacological action: sorbs and removes medium-molecular toxins, has a detoxifying effect.
• Indications: acute and chronic intoxication of any etiology, intestinal infections, poisoning with poisonous substances.
• Dosage: 22.5 g (1.5 tbsp. L.) With a frequency of 3 times / day. The daily dose is 67.5 g. Drink by stirring in warm water.
• Contraindications: intestinal atony.
• Side effects: nausea, constipation.

Poisoning medicine for children

Pediatricians advise using only sorbents that help remove toxins to normalize the child's condition. It is advisable to drink antispasmodics, antiemetic and other symptomatic medications only when urgently needed and after consulting a doctor, since such drugs often have a long list of contraindications and negative aspects (in relation to health). The above-mentioned Enterosgel is one of the safest and most effective sorbents; in children it is used as follows:

• infants should drink the drug diluted in breast milk or water (0.5 tsp for 1.5 tsp of liquid) before each feeding up to 6 times / day;
• children under 5 years old are given 0.5 tbsp. l. Enterosgel (stir in 1.5 tsp of water) up to 3 times / day;
• a child aged 5 to 14 years old can drink 1 tbsp. l. (dilute with 3 tbsp. l. water) also 3 times / day;
• adolescents over the age of 14 take the adult dose.

Sorbents based on activated carbon are considered more budgets: Karbactin, Microsorb. Among the indications for their use are acute and chronic intoxication of any etiology, intestinal infections, poisoning with poisonous substances. These drugs are safe, contraindicated only in case of stomach or intestinal bleeding, of the side effects they cause only constipation. Are presented in different dosage forms: capsules, tablets, granules for suspension preparation. Application principle:

• Carbactin: no more than 4 g at a time, diluting the powder with water (100-150 ml). Drink 1.5-2 hours before other medicines or food. The frequency of admission is 3 times / day.
• Microsorb: in case of acute poisoning, the stomach is washed with an aqueous suspension (a 20% solution is prepared), then a solution is prepared based on the calculation of 100 mg / kg. The powder is diluted with water (100 ml). Drink before meals for 2 hours, 3-4 times / day.

Folk remedies

Treatment for poisoning can be based only on alternative medicine recipes, if the patient's condition is not severe. The goals of therapy do not change - to remove toxins, normalize the digestive tract, restore microflora, prevent dehydration and remove unpleasant symptoms. Help with this:

• decoctions of seeds of dill, parsley, cumin;
• infusions of wormwood, yarrow;
• lemon juice;
• tea with mint, ginger.

Infusion of cinnamon

Among food products that have sorbent properties, doctors isolate cinnamon - it binds well and removes toxins without harming the inflamed mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines. To prepare the infusion, mix 200 ml of hot water and 0.5 tsp. ground cinnamon powder. After 10-15 minutes. strain it through cheesecloth, drink in small sips while warm.

Ginger tea

For permanent nausea, mint or ginger tea works well. The latter is prepared simply: chop fresh ginger root, pour a teaspoon of the resulting mass with a glass of hot water (70-80 degrees). Infuse the mixture for no longer than 5 minutes, then strain, add honey or do without additives at all, and drink slowly in small sips.

Lemon juice

With a low acidity of the stomach, lemon juice helps to stop the growth of pathogenic bacteria, which is taken the next day after an attack of intoxication. It is squeezed out of 3 fresh lemons, diluted 5: 1 with cool water, and drunk in one gulp. Optionally (if very sour), you can add a teaspoon of honey or sugar to it. Such funds are taken up to 2 times / day.

Prevention

Inspection of food for the degree of freshness, appearance, color, taste and smell is the main way to protect against food intoxication. Observe the norms and terms of storage, especially for meat, fish, seafood, milk, be careful about the dates of production on factory products, the integrity of the packaging. Additionally, observe the following rules:

• Remember hygiene: make it a habit to wash your hands after going outside, using the toilet, before eating, and teach your children to do this.
• Heat all animal products, and at least boil over plant foods.
• Use different cutting boards for meat, fish, vegetables (fruits).
• Do not store ready meals even in the refrigerator for more than 3 days.

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Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can diagnose and give treatment recommendations based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

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What do they drink in case of poisoning - medicines, teas, decoctions and infusions with recipes