Ruslan and Lyudmila full content. Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich - (Poems). Ruslan and Ludmila
The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is a fairy tale written in 1818-1820. The creation of the author's work was inspired by Russian folklore, Russian epics and popular tales. Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is full of elements of grotesque fantasy, colloquial vocabulary and good-natured irony of the author. According to literary critics, the work is a parody of Zhukovsky's chivalric novels and romantic ballads.
Main characters
Ruslan- a brave prince, the groom of Lyudmila, who saved her from Chernomor.
Ludmila- Princess, the youngest daughter of Prince Vladimir, the bride of Ruslan.
Chernomor- a hunchbacked dwarf with a long magical beard, "the midnight owner of the mountains", kidnapped Lyudmila.
Finn- an old wizard who helped Ruslan find and save Lyudmila.
Other characters
Rogdai- "brave warrior", one of Ruslan's rivals.
Farlaf- "an arrogant screamer, not defeated by anyone in feasts, but a modest warrior", killed Ruslan and kidnapped Lyudmila.
Ratmir- "Young Khazar Khan", wanted to marry Lyudmila, but fell in love with another maiden.
Naina- Finn's beloved, a witch.
Prince Vladimir- Prince of Kyiv, father of Lyudmila.
dedication
The author dedicates his work to the "beauties" - "the queens of his soul". The poem begins with a description of the fabulous seashore - a magical world is revealed to the reader, where a learned cat, a mermaid, a goblin, Baba Yaga, Tsar Kashchei, knights and sorcerers live.
Canto One
Prince Vladimir marries his younger daughter Lyudmila to "prince the brave Ruslan". The festival is in full swing, the guests are listening to the song of the "sweet singer" Bayan, glorifying the newlyweds. However, not everyone is having fun, "in despondency, with a cloudy brow" three knights are sitting, Ruslan's rivals - Rogdai, Farlaf, Ratmir.
After the feast, the young went to their chambers. Thunder suddenly struck, the room darkened and "someone in the smoky depths / Soared blacker than foggy darkness." Ruslan, in desperation, discovers that Lyudmila is missing. Having learned about what happened, Prince Vladimir promises whoever can find her, the hand of his daughter and half the kingdom. Ruslan, Rogdai, Farlaf and Ratmir set off in different directions in search of Lyudmila.
On the way, Ruslan notices a cave. Entering it, the knight sees a gray-haired old man reading a book. The elder informs him that Lyudmila was kidnapped by "the terrible wizard Chernomor". The knight stays overnight in the cave, and the elder tells him his story. He was a "natural Finn", a shepherd in love with a very beautiful and proud girl Naina. However, she refused the young man. Then the Finn went to distant lands and ten years later returned as a winner, throwing treasures at the feet of his beloved. But Naina again refused him. Finn decided to attract his beloved with charms, studied with sorcerers in the forests for many years and, finally, was able to fall in love with a woman. However, forty years had passed since their last meeting, and now in front of him was not a young beauty, but a decrepit old woman, and even a sorceress. Finn runs away from a woman who has kindled a passion for him, and since then Naina has hated a man.
Canto two
At this time, Rogdai decides to kill his main rival - Ruslan, and goes back. Farlaf, having lunch near the stream, saw a knight rushing at him, got scared and fled. When Rogdai, who believed that he was chasing Ruslan, caught up with him, he was disappointed and let the knight go.
On the way, Rogdai met the old woman Naina, who showed him the way to Ruslan to the north. The sorceress also appeared to Farlaf - she advised him to return to Kyiv, since "Lyudmila will not leave" them.
After the abduction, Lyudmila was in "painful oblivion" for a long time. The girl woke up in rich chambers, similar to the house of Scheherazade. Three virgins, to the wonderful singing, braided Lyudmila's braid, put on her a pearl crown, an azure sundress and a pearl belt. However, the princess is very sad and yearns for Ruslan. She is not even happy with the magical beauty of the garden, where she spends the whole day. At night, "Arapov long row" unexpectedly enters her room. They carry on pillows a long beard that belonged to a hunchbacked dwarf. In fright, Lyudmila screamed and wanted to hit the dwarf, but he, trying to escape, got tangled in his own beard. The Arabs took him away.
Ruslan leaves for an open field, where a rider rushes at him with a spear. It was Rogdai. Ruslan defeats the rival, and Rogdai finds his death in the river.
Song Three
In the morning, a winged serpent flies to the dwarf Chernomor, which "suddenly turned around Naina". The woman invites the sorcerer to make an alliance, and he agrees.
Chernomor finds out that Lyudmila has disappeared - she was neither in the wards nor in the garden. The girl accidentally discovered the sorcerer's invisibility cap and now had fun hiding from the dwarf and his servants.
Ruslan leaves for the field of the old battle, littered with bones, where he picks up armor for himself, but does not find a worthy sword. Heading further, the prince notices a high hill, on which the huge head of a warrior in a helmet sleeps. Ruslan woke his head and she, angry, began to blow on the knight. A strong whirlwind carried Ruslan back, but he contrived and plunged a spear into the tongue of his head, and then overturned it. The prince wanted to "chop off her nose and ears", but the head asked not to do this, telling her story. It used to belong to a giant who was very envious of his dwarf brother Chernomor. Once Chernomor found out that there was a sword that would cut off the giant's head, and his beard (in which "the fatal force lurked"). The giant got hold of the blade, and while his brother slept, the dwarf cut off his head, placing it here to guard the sword. The head asks Ruslan to take the blade for himself and take revenge on Chernomor.
Canto Four
Ratmir leaves for the valley and sees a castle on the rocks in front of him. The knight notices a beautiful maiden walking along the wall and singing a song. The young khan knocks at the castle and is met by the red maidens. Ratmir remains in the castle.
Lyudmila, all this time, wandered around the sorcerer's possessions, yearning for her lover. "Brutal passion wounded" Chernomor decides to catch Lyudmila, turning into a wounded Ruslan. The girl rushes to her lover, but discovering a substitute, she falls unconscious. Suddenly, a horn sounds.
Song Five
As it turned out, Ruslan called the sorcerer to the battle. In the midst of the battle, the knight grabs Chernomor by the beard and they rise into the sky. Ruslan did not let out the sorcerer's beard for three days, and he, tired, descended to the ground. Immediately the knight drew his sword and cut off the beard of the sorcerer, after which he lost his magical powers.
Ruslan returns to the possessions of Chernomor, but cannot find Lyudmila. Grieving, the knight begins to destroy everything around with his sword and with an accidental blow knocks the invisibility cap off the princess. Ruslan falls at the girl's feet, but she is bewitched and asleep.
Suddenly, a virtuous Finn appears nearby. He advises taking Lyudmila to Kyiv, where the princess will wake up. The Knight does just that.
On the way back, Ruslan tells the giant's head that he has avenged himself, and she dies calmly. By a quiet river, the knight meets a fisherman with a sweet maiden, whom he recognizes as Ratmir. Former rivals wish each other happiness.
Naina comes to Farlaf. The sorceress takes the knight to Ruslan, who is sleeping at the feet of Lyudmila. Farlaf "thrice cold steel plunges" into the opponent's chest and kidnaps the princess.
Song Six
Farlaf arrives in Kyiv, but Lyudmila continues to sleep. Soon the Pecheneg uprising begins. At this time, Finn comes to the murdered Ruslan with dead and living water and revives the knight. The wizard sends the prince to protect Kyiv and gives him a ring that will help to disenchant Lyudmila.
Ruslan leads the army and defeats the Pechenegs. After the victory, the prince entered the chambers, touched Lyudmila's forehead with a ring, and the girl woke up. Ruslan and Lyudmila forgave Farlaf, and the dwarf was accepted into the palace.
Conclusion
In the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" Pushkin reveals the eternal conflict - the confrontation between good and evil. All the heroes of the work are ambiguous - they have both positive and negative sides, but they themselves choose which path to take. At the end of the poem, the author, following the traditional fairy tale, shows that good always triumphs over evil.
A brief retelling of "Ruslan and Lyudmila" will help you get acquainted with the plot of the work, as well as prepare for the lesson of Russian literature.
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The main idea and essence of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is that with the help of love you can defeat any evil, so Ruslan overcame all obstacles, saved both Lyudmila and his native land.
The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" begins with a dedication to the ladies, in which Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin expresses the hope that the poem will be read by them. This is followed by a fabulous opening "At Lukomorye there is a green oak ..."
wedding feast
Song 1 tells about this event. We will begin the description of the brief content with it. The plot of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" begins with a feast in Kyiv. This is where the main characters first appear. Prince Vladimir the Sun, whose name is reminiscent of the famous Vladimir the Red Sun, married his youngest daughter Lyudmila to the brave Prince Ruslan. At the feast there were also three rivals of the young spouse, who had previously claimed the hand of Lyudmila - Rogdai, Farlaf and Ratmir.
The kidnapping of Lyudmila
Night fell, and the newlyweds gathered to retire. But as soon as they lay down on the wedding bed, a mysterious voice rang out, and Lyudmila was kidnapped by an unknown sorcerer.
Upon learning of what had happened, the prince-father invited the recent guests of the wedding feast. Vladimir was angry with Ruslan because he did not protect his daughter, and therefore vowed to give Lyudmila as a wife to someone who could save her. The young husband and three of his rivals went to look for the princess. At first they moved in one direction along the banks of the Dnieper, but by the end of the day they went in different directions.
Encounter with a hermit
Ruslan, left alone, soon came across a cave. An old hermit lived there. He revealed to the hero that Lyudmila had been kidnapped by a formidable sorcerer - Chernomor, the ruler of the Midnight Mountains. Due to old age, he could not seize Lyudmila by force, but still kept her captive. The elder also said that Ruslan would defeat the evil wizard, although it would not be easy.
History of the hermit
Even bringing very summary poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", it is worth mentioning some of the characters in the background. The hermit told Ruslan about his life. In his youth, he was a Finnish shepherd and passionately fell in love with the beautiful neighbor Naina. But she was too proud and rejected a simple shepherd. The hot young man gathered a squad of brave fellows and for ten years gained the glory of a warrior in raids on neighboring countries. But when he returned to Naina with rich gifts, crowned with military glory, she again rejected him. Then he retired to the forest jungle, where he studied magic, dreaming of using it to win the heart of an impregnable beauty.
So four decades passed. When he finally cast the spell and Naina appeared to him, he was horrified - she became old and ugly. Now Naina could answer him with love, but he no longer wanted to. Then she, offended, vowed to take revenge on her former admirer. It turned out that all these years Naina also studied witchcraft, because, as the old man said, she already knows about his meeting with Ruslan, and he is in danger from an angry sorceress.
Opponent's plans
Rogdai, not forgiving Ruslan good luck in love affairs, decided to kill him, but turning back, he met only Farlaf, who was having dinner in the field. He did not differ in courage and, seeing that Rogdai took him for Ruslan, he wanted to run away as soon as possible. However, while jumping over a ravine, he fell off his horse. Rogdai took out a sword to deal with a hated rival, but saw that it was not Ruslan, turned around and left.
The appearance of Naina
Nearby, Rogdai met a hunchbacked old woman (in fact, it was the sorceress Naina), who showed him the direction in which Ruslan should be looked for. Then Naina appeared to Farlaf, advising him to abandon the search for Lyudmila and retire to his Kiev estate.
Lyudmila at Chernomor
And with Lyudmila the following happened. After Chernomor took her from her wedding bed to his castle, the girl came to her senses only in the morning, in a richly decorated room. The maids respectfully dressed her in a beautiful sundress girded with pearls.
But Lyudmila was not pleased with the surrounding luxury. She yearned for Ruslan and her home. Chernomor had a beautiful large garden, fragrant with overseas flowers, where she could walk, and there she even got the idea to commit suicide by throwing herself from the bridge between the rocks.
Everything in this place was magical - as soon as the girl sat down on the grass, lunch miraculously appeared in front of her. And with the onset of darkness, an unknown force transferred Lyudmila back to the palace, where the maids prepared her bedchamber. When the princess was about to sleep, the door suddenly opened and the beard of Chernomor entered the room - a long line of slaves carried her ahead of the sorcerer.
Behind the beard appeared the sorcerer himself, a disgusting dwarf. Lyudmila squealed in horror, threw off the cap from his head and wanted to strike. From her cry, the Arabs-slaves faded away, and Chernomor wanted to run away, but got tangled in his own beard and collapsed to the ground.
And Ruslan at this time continued on his way. Suddenly, from behind came a cry: "Stop!" Ruslan saw that Rogdai was approaching. They fought for a long time, but in the end Ruslan managed to throw his opponent off his horse and threw him into the Dnieper. According to rumors, Rogdai got to the mermaid, and his ghost for a long time wandered along the coast at night.
Sorcerer's Secret
In the morning, after the inglorious flight from Lyudmila, Chernomor met with Naina, who arrived in the form of a flying kite. Turning into a woman, she made an offer of an alliance against Ruslan and the hermit. Chernomor willingly agreed, telling Naina the secret of his invincibility. The only way to kill him was to cut off his beard.
Song 3 of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" tells about these events. In a brief summary of this part of the work, we will talk about the subsequent adventures of the heroes.
Disappearance of Lyudmila
After Naina flew away, Chernomor again visited the captive princess, but it turned out that she had disappeared. The sorcerer sent slaves to look for her. But where, in fact, could Lyudmila have gone? And she, having become dressed in the morning, saw the cap of Chernomor lying on the floor. Trying it on backwards, the girl found that she had become invisible. So it turned out that the cap is actually a cap of invisibility.
And Ruslan, after defeating Rogdai, went ahead and soon saw a field covered with the remains of the dead and weapons. There he picked up a replacement for his armor and shield, which fell into disrepair after a fight with an opponent. Only the hero did not find a new sword.
Monstrous Head
Driving further, he noticed a mountain from a distance, which seemed to be alive. Nearby, the hero was surprised to see a huge sleeping Head. Ruslan tickled her nose with a spear, and the Head sneezed so hard that she almost blew the hero off his horse. Angry at the man who woke her up, the Head began to blow on him with all her might, and Ruslan was blown into the field by the wind. The hero gathered all his strength and rushed to the Head, pierced her tongue with a spear and hit her cheek so that she rolled to the side. It turns out that there was a sword under it. Ruslan took it and wanted to cut off his nose with ears, but she begged for mercy and told about herself.
Once it was the head of a valiant warrior. For glory and courage, he was hated by the evil younger brother - Chernomor, who owned witchcraft and had a magical beard that gave him invulnerability. One day, an insidious sorcerer told his elder brother about the sword, which, as it is written in the books, is safely stored in a distant country. Chernomor convinced his brother that this sword brings death to both of them, so you need to get it in any way.
The glorious warrior believed his younger brother and set off on the road. Chernomor sat on his shoulder, pointing the way. The sword was eventually found, and there was a dispute as to who should own it. Chernomor went to the trick, offering to lie down on the ground together and listen - a ringing will be heard from it, and the first one who hears it will become the owner of the sword. The naive elder brother agreed, but as soon as he lay down on the ground, Chernomor deprived him of his head. A lot of time passed, and the body of the warrior decayed, but with the help of magic Chernomor made his head immortal and put a wonderful sword to guard.
After the story told, the Head asked Ruslan to take revenge on Chernomor. The sword should have helped.
Adventures of Ratmir
The third rival of Ruslan Ratmir galloped to the south. Suddenly he came across a palace, along the wall of which a girl was walking, inviting travelers. When Ratmir drove up to the gate, he was met by a crowd of girls. They undressed him, took him to the bathhouse and fed him. Ratmir stayed with one of the girls for the night.
And Ruslan tirelessly moved north, looking for his beloved. Along the way, he came across warriors and monsters with whom he had to fight.
Lyudmila's deception
Lyudmila, meanwhile, walked unseen through the gardens and halls of Chernomor. Sometimes she took off her magic hat, teasing the sorcerer's servants who were looking for her. But when they tried to catch her, she instantly disappeared. Chernomor, in anger and annoyance, nevertheless came up with a way to catch the girl. He turned into Ruslan, who had received a wound, and began to plaintively call the princess. Lyudmila, of course, threw herself into his arms, but suddenly she saw that in front of her was not her husband at all, but a hated kidnapper. The girl tried to escape, but Chernomor brought her into a deep sleep. And at that moment, the sound of a horn was heard not far - it was Ruslan who reached the lands of the villain.
Battle
Ruslan challenged Chernomor to a fight. Suddenly, the sorcerer attacked the warrior from the air and began to beat him. Ruslan deftly knocked the wizard down and grabbed his beard. Trying to free himself, Chernomor rushed into the air. Ruslan, on the other hand, hung on the magic beard and did not unhook.
Their flight continued for three days, and the sorcerer began to get tired. No matter how he tried to confuse Ruslan with false speeches, he did not succumb and forced him to take himself to his wife. When Chernomor descended in his garden, Ruslan immediately cut off his witch's beard. But where is Lyudmila? The knight began to look for his beloved, crushing everything around. By chance, he touched the magic hat on Lyudmila's head and saw his wife sound asleep.
Taking his beloved in his arms and putting the sorcerer in a knapsack, Ruslan went back. Passing familiar places, he again met the Head. She, having learned about revenge, finally tried to express to her brother the anger that tormented her and died.
Soon Ruslan met a secluded poor house near an unknown river. There, the beauty was waiting for her husband. He turned out to be a fisherman, and when he landed on the shore, Ruslan recognized him as Ratmir. Although he was the Khazar Khan, for the sake of love, he refused loud fame, wealth, and even twelve beautiful girls he met on the way. The men hugged and talked in a friendly way; Ratmir no longer thought about Lyudmila.
Ruslan's death
And the evil sorceress Naina found Farlaf, who lived in the wilderness, and took him with her to the valley, where the tired Ruslan slept next to Lyudmila. Tom had a bad dream in which Farlaf and Lyudmila appeared to Vladimir at the feast.
The real Farlaf rode up on a horse to Ruslan and pierced him three times with a sword, grabbed the sleeping Lyudmila and left. Ruslan spent the night unconscious, and in the morning, trying to get up, fell down dead.
Return to Kyiv
Farlaf brought Lyudmila to Kyiv. Her father met them and saw that his daughter was sound asleep. Farlaf swore that he himself won it from the goblin from the Murom forests.
The people of Kiev were constantly going to look at the sleeping princess. No matter how hard they tried to wake her up with loud sounds and music, nothing helped. Vladimir was sad. And in the morning a new misfortune happened - the city was besieged by the Pechenegs.
Ruslan's friend, a hermit-sorcerer, already knew about what had happened. With the help of witchcraft, he ended up near magical streams, one of which was with dead water, and the other with living water. The elder filled the jugs, recited a witching spell, transferred to Ruslan and revived him with miraculous waters. Saying goodbye forever, the wizard gave Ruslan a ring that would help wake Lyudmila.
Happy end of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila"
The inhabitants of Kyiv watched in horror as the enemies besieged the city. The princely combatants could not drive the Pechenegs away. But the next day, the people of Kiev were awakened by an incomprehensible noise - an unknown warrior was chopping down foreigners. The broken Pechenegs fled. The jubilant Kyiv met the hero, who was Ruslan. He hurried to the prince's chamber. Having touched Lyudmila's face with a magic ring, Ruslan woke her up. Happy Prince Vladimir ordered to re-celebrate the marriage of the heroes of the poem Ruslan and Lyudmila. Farlaf, who obeyed, was forgiven, and Chernomor, who had lost his witchcraft power, was taken into the service of the prince.
A brief summary helps to quickly get acquainted with the content of any literary work. "Ruslan and Lyudmila" - a poem by A.S. Pushkin. The retelling will help the reader understand the meaning of the work, introduce the plot, the main characters, and, perhaps, arouse interest in a detailed study of the original.
History of creation
They say that Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was thinking about writing such a work while still studying at the Lyceum. But he began to work on it thoroughly later - in 1818-1820. Pushkin wanted to create fairy-tale poetry, in which there would be a "heroic spirit".
The poetic work was born simultaneously under the influence of Russian literary tales and the works of Voltaire, Ariosto. The names of some of the actors were assigned after the release of the History of the Russian State. It was there that Ratmir, Ragdai, Farlaf were. A short summary will introduce you to them very soon.
"Ruslan and Lyudmila" also has elements of parody, because Alexander Sergeevich sometimes liked to flash with well-aimed epigrams, to include humorous elements in his poetic creations. Critics have noticed that Pushkin kindly parodies some episodes of Zhukovsky's ballad "The Twelve Sleeping Maidens". But in the 30s, the poet even regretted that he did this for the “pleasure of the mob”, because he was good to Zhukovsky, who presented him with his portrait after the release of the poem and wrote that it was the defeated teacher who gave it to the winner-student.
dedication
Many fairy tales by A.S. are loved by the people. Pushkin, "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is no exception. Not everyone knows that the poem begins with lines in which the author says that he dedicates it to beautiful girls. Then there are lines known to many about the seaside, the green oak, the learned cat, and the mermaid. After that, the work itself begins.
First song
A summary introduces the reader to the first chapter. Ruslan and Lyudmila loved each other. The girl was the daughter of the Kyiv prince Vladimir. This is told in the first song, this is how A. S. Pushkin called 6 chapters. The latter, respectively, is called "Sixth Song".
The author, using the beauty of the word, talks about a merry celebration on the occasion of the wedding of two people in love. Only three guests were not happy at this feast - Ratmir, Farlaf and Rogday. They are Ruslan's rivals, as they were also in love with a beautiful girl.
And now it's time for the newlyweds to be alone. But suddenly thunder was heard, the lamp went out, everything around trembled, and Lyudmila disappeared.
Ruslan is sad. And Vladimir ordered to find his daughter and promised to give her as a wife to the one who would bring the girl. Of course, Ruslan's three enemies could not miss such an opportunity and rushed in search, like the newly-born groom himself.
One day he meets an old man in a cave. He told him the story of his love, that in his youth he was ready to move mountains for a certain Naina, but she kept rejecting the young man. Then he left and for 40 years studied spells aimed at making a girl fall in love with him. When the elder returned, instead of a virgin, he saw a disgusting old woman, into which Naina had turned over the years. And she finally kindled feelings for him. However, old Finn fled from her, and has since lived in seclusion in a cave. He said that Lyudmila was kidnapped by the terrible wizard Chernomor.
Canto two
The summary of Pushkin's poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" came to the second chapter. From it, the reader will learn that Rogdai was belligerent, he rode, sending curses to Ruslan. Suddenly the man saw the rider and chased after him. He, barely alive from fear, tried to gallop away, but his horse stumbled and the rider flew into the ditch. Rogdai saw that it was not Ruslan, but Farlaf, and rode away.
An old woman approached Farlaf (it was Naina), brought a horse and advised him to go back and live on his estate near Kiev, because while Lyudmila is still difficult to find, and then she will not go anywhere from Naina and Farlaf. He listened to the old woman and galloped back.
Further, a summary of the book "Ruslan and Lyudmila" will tell the reader where the girl was languishing at that time. Its location was the palace of the villain Chernomor. She woke up in bed. Silently, three servant girls came, dressed, combed the beauty.
Lyudmila went to the window with anguish, looked at it, then left the palace and saw a magical garden that was more beautiful than the "gardens of Armida." There were picturesque gazebos, waterfalls. After lunch in nature, the girl returned back and saw servants entering the room and carrying Chernomor's beard on pillows, followed by him himself - a hunchback and a dwarf.
The girl was not at a loss, grabbed the “carla by the cap”, raised her fist over him, and then squealed so much that everyone ran away in horror.
Meanwhile, Ruslan fought with Rogday, who attacked him, and defeated the bully, throwing him into the waves of the Dnieper. This continues the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila".
To the retreating Chernomor, the servants combed his beard. Suddenly, a winged serpent flew through the window and turned into Naina. The old woman said that the sorcerer was in danger - the heroes were looking for Lyudmila. She spoke flatteringly about Chernomor and confirmed that she was completely on his side.
To celebrate, the evil wizard again entered the girl's chambers, but did not see her there. The search for servants was also unsuccessful. It turns out that Lyudmila understood what properties a hat has. If you put it on backwards, the person will become invisible, which the beauty did. These are the magical accessories used by Pushkin in his poem Ruslan and Lyudmila. A very brief summary quickly transports the reader to the next scene.
At this time, the young husband was on the battlefield, saw many dead soldiers. He picked up a shield, a helmet, a horn, but could not find a good sword. Not far from the field, he saw a large hill, it turned out to be a real head. She told the traveler that she had once been on the shoulders of a hero - the brother of Chernomor. But the latter envied the tall and stately brother. Taking advantage of the opportunity, the dwarf cut off his head and ordered the head to guard the sword, which, according to legend, could cut off the magic beard of the sorcerer.
Canto Four
This is how quickly a brief retelling of the content of Ruslan and Lyudmila came to the fourth chapter. Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich at first reflects on how wonderful it is that in real life not so many wizards. Further, he says that Ratmir, in search of Lyudmila, came across the castle. There he was met by charmers who fed the knight, surrounded him with attention, tenderness, care, and the young hero abandoned his previous plans to find Vladimir's daughter. On this, for now, the author leaves the happy young man and says that only Ruslan continues the path he has chosen. On the way, he meets a giant, a hero, a witch, defeats them, does not go to the mermaids who beckon the young man.
Meanwhile, Lyudmila is wandering around in the halls of the sorcerer wearing an invisibility cap, but he cannot find her. Then the villain used a trick. He turned into a wounded Ruslan, the girl thought that it was her lover, rushed to him, the hat fell off. At that moment, nets were thrown over Lyudmila, and she fell asleep, unable to resist the witchcraft of Chernomor.
Song Five
Soon Ruslan arrives at the villain's abode. He blows his horn to challenge him to a duel. When the young man raised his head, he saw that Chernomor was flying above him, holding a mace in his hand. When the sorcerer swung, Ruslan quickly recoiled, and the hunchback fell into the snow. The nimble young man immediately jumped up to the offender and firmly grabbed him by the beard.
But Chernomor suddenly soared under the clouds. However, the young man did not let out his beard, so he also ended up in the sky. So they flew for a long time - over fields, mountains, forests. The sorcerer asked to be released, but Ruslan did not do this. On the third day, Chernomor resigned himself and carried her husband to his young wife. When they landed, the young man cut off the villain's beard with a magic sword, tied it on his helmet, and put the dwarf in a bag and attached it to the saddle.
The knight went to look for his beloved, but he could not find it in any way. Then he began to destroy everything in his path and accidentally took off his hat from the girl. This sorcerer specially put a headdress on her so that the husband would not find his wife.
This is how Ruslan and Lyudmila finally met. The shortened poem is coming to an end soon. No matter how hard he tried, the betrothed could not awaken the girl from a magical dream. He put it on his horse and galloped home.
Then Ruslan meets a fisherman and recognizes Ratmir in him, who chose one of all the charmers, and now lives happily with her in a house on the river bank.
When Ruslan stopped for the night, he was seriously wounded. Farlaf crept up to him, hit him 3 times with a sword, took Lyudmila and was like that.
Sixth song
Farlaf brought Lyudmila to the palace and deceived Vladimir, saying that he had saved the girl. However, no one could wake her up.
Old Finn sprinkled Ruslan with living water, he instantly recovered and hurried to Kyiv, which was attacked by the Pechenegs. The hero fought bravely, thanks to which the enemy was defeated. After that, he touched Lyudmila's hands with the ring that Finn gave him, and the girl woke up.
The summary is coming to an end. Ruslan and Lyudmila are happy, everything ends with a feast, Chernomor was left in the palace, since he lost his villainous power forever.
Epilogue
The story ends with an epilogue, in which the author says that in his work he glorified the legends of ancient times. He shares his impressions of the Caucasus, describes the natural scenery of this side and is sad that he is far from the Neva.
The poet says that when he worked on a work, he forgot insults, enemies. Friendship helped him in this, and, as you know, Pushkin cherished it very much.
The poetic fairy-tale work of the outstanding Russian classic of Russian literature Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", was written in the period from 1818 to 1820. The author, impressed by the beauty, diversity and originality of Russian folklore (epics, legends, fairy tales and popular tales), creates a unique poetic work that has become a classic of world and Russian literature, distinguished by a grotesque, fantastic plot, the use of colloquial vocabulary and the presence of a certain amount of authorial irony.
According to some literary critics, the poem was created as a parody of chivalric romances and poetic ballads in romantic style Zhukovsky, fashionable at that time (his popular ballad “The Twelve Maidens” served as the basis), who, after the publication of the poem, presented Pushkin with his portrait with words of gratitude from the defeated teacher for the winning student.
History of creation
According to some reports, Pushkin conceived the idea of writing this fairy tale poetry with a "heroic spirit" during his lyceum education. But he began to work on it much later, already in 1818-1820. The poetic poem was created under the influence of not only exclusively Russian folklore, here the motives of the works of Voltaire and Ariosto are still clearly felt. The names for some of the characters (Ratmir, Farlaf, Ragdai) appeared after Pushkin read the History of the Russian State.
In this poetic work, the author skillfully combined antiquity, moments of Russian history and the time in which the poet lived. For example, his image of Ruslan is akin to the image of the legendary Russian heroes, he is just as brave and courageous, but Lyudmila, thanks to her some carelessness, coquettishness and frivolity, on the contrary, is closer to the young ladies of the Pushkin era. The most important thing for the poet was to show in the work the triumph of good over evil, the victory of a bright beginning over dark, gloomy forces. After the poem appeared in print in 1820, it almost immediately brought the poet well-deserved fame. Distinguished by lightness, irony, sublimity, grace and freshness, it was a deeply original work in which various genres, traditions and styles were talentedly mixed, immediately captivating the minds and hearts of readers of that time. Some critics condemned the use of deliberately folk phrases in the poem; not everyone understood the author's unusual technique and his unusual position as a narrator.
Analysis of the work
Story line
The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is divided into six parts (songs), it begins with lines where the author talks about who this work is dedicated to, and it is intended for beautiful girls, for the sake of which this fairy tale was written. Then everything goes well known description magical land Lukomorye, green oak growing there and mythical creatures living there.
First song begins with a story about a feast in the palace of the Kyiv prince Vladimir the Red Sun, dedicated to the wedding of his daughter, the beautiful Lyudmila, and the brave young hero Ruslan. There is also the legendary epic singer and storyteller Bayan, as well as Ruslan's three rivals Ratmir, Ragdai and Farlaf, who are also in love with Lyudmila, they are evil of the newly-born groom, full of envy and hatred for him. Here misfortune happens: the evil sorcerer and dwarf Chernomor kidnaps the bride and takes her to his enchanted castle. Ruslan and three rivals are moving out of Kyiv in search of her, in the hope that whoever finds the prince's daughter will receive her hand and heart. On the way, Ruslan meets the elder Finn, who tells him the story of his unhappy love for the girl Naina and shows him the way to the terrible sorcerer Chernomor.
Second part (song) tells about the adventures of Ruslan's rivals, about his clash and victory over Ragday who attacked him, and also describes the details of Lyudmila's stay in Chernomor's castle, her acquaintance with him (Chernomor comes to her room, Lyudmila gets scared, squeals, grabs him by the cap and he flees in terror).
In the third song a meeting of old friends is described: the wizard Chernomor and his friend the sorceress Naina, who comes to him and warns him that the heroes are coming to him for Lyudmila. Lyudmila finds a magic hat that makes her invisible and hides all over the palace from an old and nasty sorcerer. Ruslan meets the giant head of the hero, defeats it and takes possession of the sword that can kill Chernomor.
In the fourth song Radmir refuses to search for Lyudmila and stays in the castle with young charmers, and only one faithful warrior Ruslan stubbornly continues his journey, which becomes more and more dangerous, on the way he meets with a witch, a giant and other enemies, they try to stop him, but he firmly goes to its purpose. Chernomor fraudulently catches Lyudmila, dressed in an invisibility cap, in magic nets and she falls asleep in them.
Fifth song tells about the arrival of Ruslan in the halls of the wizard, and about the heavy battle between the hero and the villain-dwarf, who wears Ruslan on his beard for three days and three nights, and, in the end, surrenders. Ruslan captivates him, cuts off his magic beard, throws the sorcerer into a sack and goes to look for his bride, whom the vile dwarf hid well by putting on an invisibility cap. Finally, he finds her, but cannot wake her up, and in such a sleepy state he decides to take her to Kyiv. On the night road, Farlaf surreptitiously attacks him, seriously injures him and takes Lyudmila away.
In the sixth song Farlaf brings the girl to his father and tells everyone that he found her, but he still cannot wake her up. Elder Finn saves and revives Ruslan with living water, he hurries to Kyiv, which was just attacked by the Pechenegs, bravely fights with them, removes witchcraft from Lyudmila and she wakes up. The main characters are happy, a feast is arranged for the whole world, the dwarf Chernomor, who has lost his magical power, is left in the palace, in general, good will dine evil and justice will triumph.
The poem ends with a lengthy epilogue, in which Pushkin tells readers that with his work he glorified the traditions of ancient times, says that in the process of work he forgot about all insults and forgave his enemies, in which friendship helped him a lot, which is of great importance for the author .
Character characteristics
The hero Ruslan, the groom of the prince's daughter Lyudmila, is the central character of Pushkin's poem. The description of the trials that fell to his lot, sustained with honor and great courage in the name of saving his beloved, forms the basis of the entire storyline. The author, inspired by the exploits of Russian epic heroes, depicts Ruslan not only as the savior of his beloved, but also as a defender of his native land from nomadic raids.
Ruslan's appearance, described with special care, should fully, according to the author's intention, convey his conformity to the heroic image: he has blond hair, symbolizing the purity of his plans and the nobility of the soul, his armor is always clean and shiny, as befits a knight in brilliant armor, always ready for battle. At the feast, Ruslan is completely absorbed in thoughts about his future marriage and ardent love for his bride, which does not allow him to notice the envious and evil looks of his rivals. Against their background, he compares favorably with purity and directness of thoughts, sincerity and sensuality. Also, the main character traits emerge during his journey to the Chernomor castle, he manifests himself as an honest, decent and generous person, a brave and courageous warrior, purposefully and stubbornly moving towards his goal, a faithful and devoted lover, ready to even die for the sake of his love.
In the image of Lyudmila Pushkin, he showed a portrait of the ideal bride and lover, who faithfully and faithfully waits for her fiance and misses him immensely. The prince's daughter is depicted as a thin, vulnerable nature, possessing special tenderness, sensitivity, elegance and modesty. At the same time, this does not prevent her from having a firm and rebellious character, which helps her resist the evil sorcerer Chernomor, gives her strength and courage and does not obey the vile kidnapper and faithfully wait for her deliverer Ruslan.
Features of compositional construction
The genre of the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" refers to novels and poems of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, gravitating towards creativity in the "national" spirit. It also reflects the influence on the author of such trends in literature as classicism, sementalism, and chivalric romance.
Following the example of all magical knightly poems, this work has a plot built according to a certain pattern: hero knights are looking for their beloved, kidnapped by some mythical villain, overcome a series of trials for this, armed with certain talismans and magical weapons, and in the end they receive a hand and beauty heart. The poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" is built in the same vein, but it is distinguished by amazing grace, freshness, subtle wit, brightness of colors and a slight trail of epicureanism, characteristic of many works written by Pushkin during his studies at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum. It is the author's ironic attitude to the content of the poem that cannot give this work a real "national" color. The main advantages of the poem can be called its light and beautiful form, playfulness and witty style, perkyness and cheerfulness of the general mood, a bright thread running through all the content.
Pushkin's fairy tale poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila", cheerful, light and witty, became a new word in the established literary traditions of writing heroic ballads and poems, it was very popular among readers and caused a great resonance among literary critics. No wonder Zhukovsky himself admitted his complete failure, and gave the branch of championship to the young talent of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, who, thanks to this work, took a leading position in the ranks of Russian poets and became famous not only in Russia, but also far beyond its borders.
